Tag: news

  • Hashyizweho amabwiriza agenga imikoreshereze y’insengero mu gihe cya Coronavirus #rwanda #RwOT

    15 Werurwe 2020 zarafunzwe. Ni nyuma y’umunsi umwe Minisiteri y’Ubuzima itangaje ko mu Rwanda habonetse umurwayi wa mbere wa Coronavirus.

    - Mu mabwiriza ya Minisiteri y’ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu harimo ko insengero zizatangira gukoreshwa ari uko zibanje kugenzurwa n’itsinda ry’Umurenge rishinzwe gukurikirana ko zujuje ibisabwa mu kwirinda Coronavirus, bikemezwa n’ubuyobozi bw’Akarere kandi bikamenyeshwa mu nyandiko.

    - Mu bice biri muri gahunda ya Guma mu Rugo, insengero ntizifungurwa.

    - Mu gutanga amaturo, abayoboke bayatanga hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga [Momo, Money transfer, Bank Transfer, aho bidashoboka hakoreshwa ubundi buryo ariko hakubahirizwa ingamba zo kwirinda Coronavirus.

    Abakira amaturo y’ibitari amafaranga, hateganywa ahantu hihariye bizashyirwa mbere yo gusenga kandi hakubahirizwa amabwiriza yo kwirinda Coronavirus.

    - Igaburo ryera/guhazwa biremewe ariko bigakorwa hubahirizwa amabwiriza yo kwirinda Coronavirus.

    Uhazwa, uhaza ndetse n’abasangira igaburo ryera bagomba kubanza gukaraba neza. Bagomba kandi kwirinda guhererekanya cyangwa gusangirira ku bikoresho bikoreshwa muri icyo gikorwa. Aho bitabangamiye imyemerere, hakoreshwa uburyo bwo kwihereza (self-service) mu gusangira igaburo ryera.

    - Abakorerabushake bahuguwe bafasha mu kubahiriza ingamba zo kwirinda Coronavirus bagomba kuba bari ku rusengero igihe cyose hari igikorwa cyahabereye, kandi bafite ikibaranga.

    - Kuri buri rusengero hagomba kugaragara umubare ntarengwa w’abakwiye kurusengeramo muri iki gihe cya Covid-19, ukamanikwa ahagaragara.

    - Gahunda yo gusenga (iminsi n’amasaha), igomba kumanikwa ku rusengero ahagaragara kandi ikamenyeshwa ubuyobozi bw’Umurenge kugira ngo buzabashe gukurikirana no kugenzura.

    Ibibujijwe

    - Gukoranaho, guhoberana, guhana ibiganza birabujijwe

    - Birabujijwe kuramukanya cyangwa kwegerana cyane (metero imwe) mbere na nyuma yo gusenga.

    - Guhererekanya ibikoresho byo mu nsengero nk’indangururamajwi (Micro-phone), ibitabo n’ibindi ntabwo byemewe.

    - Abana bonka n’abafite munsi y’imyaka 12 ntibemerewe kuza mu materaniro.

    - Gusengera abantu babakoraho cyangwa babarambikaho ibiganza nabyo ntibyemewe.

    - Birabujijwe kujya mu nsengero mu masaha abantu batemerewe kugenda (curfew)

    source http://www.ukwezi.rw/mu-rwanda/Iyobokamana/article/Hashyizweho-amabwiriza-agenga-imikoreshereze-y-insengero-mu-gihe-cya-Coronavirus

  • Rwanda : 47 batawe muri yombi barenze ku mabwiriza yo kwirinda coronavirus #rwanda #RwOT

    Polisi y’u Rwanda yatangarije ku rubuga rwa Twitter ko abo bantu bafashwe ejo ku wa 17 kubera ko barenze ku mategeko abuza abantu guhurira hamwe mu rwego rwo kwirinda ikwirakwira ry’icyorezo cya COVID-19.

    Mu Rwanda abantu bemerewe gukora imirimo yabo uko bisanzwe uretse imirimo ituma abantu bahurira hamwe ari benshi. Uduce turi muri guma mu rugo ni utugari tumwe two mu mujyi wa i Kigali, Nyamagabe na Nyamasheke.

    Umuvugizi w’igipolisi mu ntara y’Iburasirazuba, Chief Inspector of Police (CIP) Humdun Twizeyimana, avuga ko baronye amakuru y’abo bantu barimo bakoraniye hamwe bayahawe n’abaturage.

    Ati : “Abaturage baduhaye amakuru ko hari abantu barenze ku mabwiriza ya Leta yo kurwanya Koronavirusi.

    “Twahise dutegura igikorwa cyo kubafata, nibwo twabasanze bateraniye ahantu mu bisambu bari mu masengesho”.

    Leta y’u Rwanda iheruka gufungura insengero nyuma y’amezi ane zifunzwe kubera coronavirus, gusa yavuze ko inzego z’ibanze arizo zigomba kugenzura ko ayo mabwiriza zikazemerera insengero gufungura.

    CIP Twizeyimana ashinja abo bantu ko bari bateranye batubahirijwe n’ingingo n’imwe kandi bavuye mu mihana itandukanye.

    Avuga kandi ko ata n’umwe yari yambaye agapfukamunwa, batanubahirije ingingo yo kutegerana kandi ata n’amazi yo gukaraba yari ahari, ngo ivyo bigashobora gutuma banduzanya.

    Ati : “Bose bari bazi neza ko ibyo barimo bitemewe ariko babirenzeko barabikora…. Hariya bari bateraniye nta bwirinzi ubwo aribwo bwose bubahirije ku buryo umwe muri bo abaye yanduye yashobora kwanduza abandi.”

    Mu Rwanda, abantu bagera ku 1,473 nibo batangajwe ko banduye coronavirus, muri bo bane bakaba barapfuye.

    Iki gihugu cyamaze igihe cy’iminsi 45 mu mategeko ya guma mu rugo, ubu akaba yaratezuwe.

    Hagati aho, hari uturere duherutse gusubizwa muri ayo mategeko, ubutegetsi bukavuga ko bwafashe iyi ngingo nyuma y’ubusesanguzi bwakozwe n’inzego z’ubuzima ku cyorezo cya coronavirus” muri utwo turere.

    source http://www.ukwezi.rw/mu-rwanda/2/article/Rwanda-47-batawe-muri-yombi-barenze-ku-mabwiriza-yo-kwirinda-coronavirus

  • AMAFOTO: Diane wakinaga muri City Maid yambitswe impeta #rwanda #RwOT

    Bahavu Jeannette wamenyekanye nka Diane muri filime y’uruhererekne ya City Maid yambitswe impeta ya fiançailles na Ndayikingurukiye Fleury amusaba ko bazabana.

    Ni ibirori byaraye bibaye mu ijoro ryo ku wa Gatanu tariki ya 17 Nyakanga 2020, bikaba byahuriranye n’isabukuru y’uyu mukobwa.

    Byahuriranye n’isabukuru ya Diane

    Ibirori byo kumwambika impeta ya fiançailles byabereye kuri Scheba Hotel mu Kiyovu.

    Diane akaba yambitswe impeta na Ndayikingurukiye Fleury akunze kwita Legend, ni umusore usanzwe ukora akazi ko gufata no gutunganya amashusho.

    Akaba amwambitse impeta amusaba ko bazashyingiranwa nyuma y’imyaka irenga itatu aba bombi bakundana.

    Diane yambitswe impeta na Fleury

    Diane wamenyekanye muri City Maid akaba atazongera kuyigaragaramo kuko agace ka nyuma gaheruka gutambuka(iyi filime inyura kuri televiziyo Rwanda buri wa Kane), uyu mukobwa yari yitabye Imana, akaba atazongera kuyikinamo.

    Bamaze imyaka irenga 3 bakundana

    source http://isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/amafoto-diane-wakinaga-muri-city-maid-yambitswe-impeta

  • Umugore yakubiswe bikomeye n’umugabo we azira kubahuka kuvuga izina rye kwa muganga #rwanda #RwOT

    Wari uzi ko hari ibihugu bimwe kuri iy’Isi umugore atemerewe kubahuka kuvuga izina rye, ko abitinyutse bifatwa nk’icyaha!? Kimwe muri ibyo bihugu ni Afghanistan, aho umugore wahawe izina rya Rabia yabwiye muganga wamusuzumaga izina rye yagera mu rugo umugabo we akamuhondagura bikomeye.

    Umugore wahawe izina rya Rabia, yumvise amenetse umutwe cane, nibwo yaf attyga icyemezo cyo kujya kwa muganga, Umuganga amupimye, yamusanganye icyorezo cya coronavirus.
    Rabia yatashye yumva amenetse umutwe kandi ababaye cyane, hanyuma ageze mu rugo ahereza umugabo we urupapuro rwo kwa muganga ruriho imiti bamwandikiye kugira ngo umugabo ayimugurire.

    Uwo mugabo, akibona izina ry’umugore we ku rupapuro, afatwa n’uburakari yadukira umugore aramuhondagura, amuziza cyaha ki!? Gusa kuko yubahutse kubwira izina rye undi mugabo(muganga).

    Muri Iki gihugu cya Afghanistani, imiryango itegeka abagore kudahirahira bavuga amazina yabo ku bandi bantu, barimo n’abaganga. Hagati aho, hari abarimo kurwanya uyu mugenzo ugaragara ko ari ukubangamira cyangwa se ihohotera rigirirwa abagore.

    AbaIrwanya iki gikorwa kibuza igitsina gore kuvuga izina ku wundu muntu, barabikora mu bukangurambaga bise WhereIsMyName? (Izina ryanje riri he).

    Muri Afghanistani umugore kubahuka kuvuga izina ryiwe bishobora gufatwa nk’icyaha gikomeye.

    Byose bitangira iyo umwana w’umukobwa avutse. Mbere na mbere bifata igihe kugira ngo bamuhe izina. Iyo umukobwa arongowe, izina ryiwe ntiryandikwa ku rwandiko rw’ubutumire. Iyo arwaye, izina ryiwe kenshi ntirishirwa ku rupapuro muganga yamusuzumiyeho. Iyo apfuye, izina ryiwe ntiryandikwa ku rupapuro rwemeza ko yapfuye. Mbese izina ry’igitsina gore muri iki gihugu ntaho ryemewe kugaragara.

    Iki rero nicyo cyatumye abagore bo muri Afghanistani bahaguruka bagatangiza ubukangurambaga bwo guharanira gukoresha amazina yabo nta ngorane, mu bukangurambaga bise WhereIsMyName? (Izina ryanje riri he?). Aya magambo, bayakoresha ku byapa n’inyandiko bagenda bamanika hirya no hino no ku mbuga nkoranyambaga zitandukanye.

    Benshi mu bagore muri iki gihugu nabo bumva ko badashobora kuvuga izina ryabo, mu rwego rwo guhesha icyubahiro basaza babo, ba se cyangwa se abakunzi babo babarambagije n’ababarongoye.

    Niko bivugwa n’uwundi mugore, Herat wavuganye na BBC dukesha iyi nkuru, nawe ubwe utashatse gutangaza izina rye ndetse no kutanyuza ijwi rye kuri rwadio.

    Yagize ati: “Iyo umuntu ambajije izina ryanjye, ngomba kubanza gutekereza icyubahiro ngomba guha musaza wanjye, Papa hamwe n’umukunzi wanjye, aho rero sinshobora kumubwira izina ryanjye. Kubera iki nateza urubwa umuryango wanjye? Inyungu irimo yo kuvuga izina ryanjye ni iyihe? Nshaka ko abantu banyita umukobwa wa papa, mushiki wa musaza wanjye. Hanyuma rero mu gihe kizaza bakazanyita umugore w’umugabo wanjye, hanyuma nyina w’umwana w’umuhungu wanjye”.

    Sahar Samet afite igipapuro cyanditseho ngo “Where is my name?” (izina ryanje riri he?) mu gushaka ko uburenganzira bw’abagore bwubahirizwa.

    Aya makuru ateye agahinda, ariko ni ibintu bigwiriye muri iki gihugu. Gukoresha izina ry’umugore cyangwa ry’umukobwa ni ibintu bitabonwa neza kandi bishobora gufatwa nk’igitutsi mu bice byinshi bya Afghanistani. Abagabo cyangwa se abahungu benshi ntibubahuka kuvuga mu bantu amazina ya bashiki babo, abagore babo cyangwa se ba nyina babo kuko bifatwa nk’ibiterasoni n’ukubateza urubwa. Mu kuvuga abagore, babavuga nk’umukobwa wa naka (se umubyara), nyina cyangwa mushiki w’umuhungu mukuru mu muryango. Itegeko ryo muri Afghanistani ritegeka ko ku ifishi y’amavuko handikwako se w’umwana gusa.
    Munyaneza Theogene / intyoza.com

    source http://www.intyoza.com/umugore-yakubiswe-bikomeye-numugabo-we-azira-kubahuka-kuvuga-izina-rye-kwa-muganga/

  • Murumuna we wahiye akaboko kose, ibitazibagirana kuri Mugisha Gilbert wa Rayon Sports wujuje imyaka 24 #rwanda #RwOT

    Kuri uyu munsi tariki ya 18 Nyakanga, rutahizamu wa Rayon Sports, Mugisha Gilbert arizihiza isabukuru y’imyaka 24, avuga ko yishimira uko agenda atera imbere umunsi ku munsi.

    Mugisha Gilbert yavutse tariki ya 18 Nyakanga 1996 avukira i Muhanga, avuka mu muryango w’abana 5 akaba ari ubuheta(akurikira imfura).

    Kuri iyi nshuro yizihiza isabukuru y’imyaka 24, Aganira na ISIMBI.RW, Mugisha Gilbert avuga ko yishimira iterambere amaze kugeraho, uburyo agenda atera imbere umunsi ku munsi.

    Yagize ati“ikintu cya mbere nishimira ni uko uko imyaka igenda izamuka ari nako ngenda nkura no mu bwenge kandi nkagerageza gukora ibyanzamfasha imbere mu buzima bwanjye kandi mbona ngenda mbigeaho gahoro gahoro.”

    Akomeza avuga ko ikintu cyamubabaje mu buzima bwe kuri iyi myaka afite, ari igihe murumuna we yotswaga n’amavuta agashya ukoboko kose muri 2012.

    Yagize ati“urebye ntabwo nigeze mbabara cyane ariko ikintu navuga kugeza ubu cyambabaje mu buzima bwanjye ni umunsi murumuna wanjye yahiyeho akaboko. Yokejwe n’amavuta akaboko kose karashya.”

    Mugisha Gilbert yinjiye muri Rayon Sports muri 2017 akaba amaze imyaka 3 muri Rayon Sports aho asigaje umwaka umwe w’imikino. Yinjiye muri iyi kipe avuye muri Pepiniere FC yinjiyemo muri 2016 avuye muri Dream Team Football Academy yagezemo muri 2012.

    Yishimira ko agenda atera imbere umunsi ku munsi

    Yababajwe n’ukuntu murumuna we yahiye akaboko

    source http://isimbi.rw/siporo/article/murumuna-we-wahiye-akaboko-kose-ibitazibagirana-kuri-mugisha-gilbert-wa-rayon-sports-wujuje-imyaka-24

  • Mu mafoto kukibuga cy’indege cya kanombe hagaragajwe uburyo buzifashishwa mukwirinda COVID-19 igihe ingendo zizaba zifunguwe. #rwanda #RwOT

    Guverinoma y’u Rwanda iheruka gutangaza ko kuva tariki ya 1 Kanama 2020, u Rwanda ruzafungura ingendo zose z’indege, nyuma y’uko zafunzwe muri Werurwe uyu mwaka kubera icyorezo cya Coronavirus.
    ahantu hose hazaba Hari Aho bakarabira.
    intera hagati y’umuntu nundi izajya yubahirizwa.
    hashyizweho ibimenyetso bizajya byerekana icyo gukora nyacyo.

    Utembereye ku Kibuga Mpuzamahanga cy’Indege cya Kigali i Kanombe, usanga aho abagenzi banyura basohotse mu Rwanda bajya mu mahanga n’aho banyura binjira mu gihugu, hateguwe uburyo bufasha abagenzi n’abakozi kwirinda icyorezo cya COVID-19.
    cool Silas udahemuka wa RCAA,Nsanzimana sabin,na Yvonne bitegereza ibyakozwe.

    Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ikigo Gishinzwe Indege za Gisivili, RCAA, Col Silas Udahemuka, yavuze ko amabwiriza yo kwirinda azaba ahera ku mugenzi ku giti cye, akanyura ku kibuga cy’indege gisukuye, akagenda mu ndege isukuye.
    uwinjiye cyangwa usohotse wese azajya arebana niyi mashini.
    uwo iyi mashini izajya isangana umuriro udasanzwe azajya ahita akurikiranwa n’inzego z’ubuzima.
    umukozi ushinzwe iby’ubuzima azaba akurikirana uko imashini ikora.

    Yakomeje ati “Kuva aho guverinoma itangarije ko ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere, imizigo n’abagenzi bizatangira, tuzafungura ikirere ku ndege zose zitwara abagenzi ku itariki ya 1 Kanama, ndetse na mbere kuva aho ibibuga bihagarariye kwemerera indege kwinjira, twakomeje twitegura kuzafungura, bizagenda bite, hazakorwa iki.”
    umuyobozi wa Rwandair asobanura uko bizagenda.
    hazabaho kwerekana icyemezo cyuko wapimwe.
    umugenzi arasabwa kujya yitwaza udupfukamunwa duhagije kuburyo azajya ahinduranya mu masaha ane.

    “Hari amabwiriza Minisiteri y’Ubuzima itanga, hari amabwiriza mpuzamahanga y’Ikigo gishinzwe iby’Indege za Gisivili (ICAO), ayo yose hamwe n’ayo igihugu cyacu cyashyizeho twarayakurikije, tuyavanamo amabwiriza abakora ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere bagomba kubahiriza, twakoze ubugenzuzi burambuye buhagije, ku buryo twumva gutangira ingendo zo mu kirere turi tayari kubikora kandi neza.”
    ahashyirwa imizigo y’abagenzi naho hashyizwe ibikoresho byagenewe gupima.
    ahakirirwa abantu naho hashyizweho uburyo bwo kwirinda.
    abazasanganwa coronavirusi bashyiriweho Aho bazajya bashyirwa.

    Amafoto ya igihe.

    The post Mu mafoto kukibuga cy’indege cya kanombe hagaragajwe uburyo buzifashishwa mukwirinda COVID-19 igihe ingendo zizaba zifunguwe. appeared first on KASUKU MEDIA.

    source https://kasukumedia.com/mu-mafoto-kukibuga-cyindege-cya-kanombe-hagaragajwe-uburyo-buzifashishwa-mukwirinda-covid-19-igihe-ingendo-zizaba-zifunguwe/

  • Djihad Bizimana yahuye na Neymar amaso ku maso #rwanda #RwOT

    Umukinnyi w’umunyarwanda ukinira ikipe ya Waasland Beveren mu Bubiligi, Bizimana Djihad yaraye ahuye na Paris Saint Germain yo mu Bufaransa ikinamo rutahizamu ukomoka muri Brazil ufatwa nk’umwe mu beza ku Isi, Neymar Jr.

    Hari mu mu mukino wa gishuti wabereye kuri Parc des Princes mu Bufaransa, ikibuga PSG isanzwe yakiriraho imikino yayo.

    Ni umukino Djihad Bizimana yabanje mu kibuga ndetse akina iminota yose 120 uko yari igabanyije mu duce 4 tw’umukino.

    Ntibaje guhirwa n’uyu mukino kuko batsinzwe ibitego 7-0. Ibitego bya PSG byatsinzwe na Aleksandar Vucotić ku munota wa 21, icya Neymar kuri penaliti nziza yo ku munota wa 28, Mauro Icardi kuri penaliti yaherejwe na Neymar ku munota wa 47 ndetse Kylian Mbappé ashyiramo ikindi ku wa 60, Eric Choupo-Moting yatsinze ibitego bibiri ku munota wa 65 n’uwa 66 mu gihe Loïc Mbe Soh yatsinze agashinguracumu ku munota wa 93.

    Bizimana DJihad yagiye yigaragaza muri uyu mukino aho yanagerageje gutera mu izamu nko ku munota wa 35 ariko umupira ukorwaho na Marquinhos ujya muri koruneri.

    N’ubwo ikipe ye yatsinzwe, ni umwe mu basore ba Beveren bitwaye neza muri uyu mukino dore ko yagiye agerageza kugora abakinnyi ba PSG, bamwe abakoreraho amakosa na we bakayamukoreraho.

    Djihad Bizimana agerageza kuzibira Neymar Jr.

    Djihad yitwaye neza muri uyu mukino

    source http://isimbi.rw/siporo/article/djihad-bizimana-yahuye-na-neymar-amaso-ku-maso

  • Yahya wari umaze imyaka irenga 20 mu itorero ry’iihugu yitabye Imana #rwanda #RwOT

    Munyashongore Yahaya wari umubyinnyi mu Itorero ry’Igihugu Urucyerereza akaba no mu itsinda Gakondo yaraye yitabye Imana azize uburwayi.

    Uyu musaza w’imyaka 75 akaba yaraye yitabye Imana ku mugoroba wo ku wa Gatanu tariki ya 17 Nyakanga 2020.

    Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko n’Umuco ni bamwe mubabajwe n’urupfu ry’uyu mubyinnyi, aho bihananishije umuryango we binyuze ku rukuta rwayo rwa Twitter.

    Bagize bati“Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko n’Umuco ibabajwe n’urupfu rwa Munyanshongore Yahaya watabarutse none. Yari amaze imyaka irenga 20 ari Intore y’inararibonye mu Itorero ry’Igihugu Urukerereza. Dukomeje kandi twifatanyije n’umuryango we n’abagize Urukerereza bose.”

    Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko n’Umuco ibabajwe n’urupfu rwa Munyanshongore Yahaya watabarutse none. Yari amaze imyaka irenga 20 ari Intore y’inararibonye mu Itorero ry’Igihugu Urukerereza. Dukomeje kandi twifatanyije n’umuryango we n’abagize @Urukerereza bose. pic.twitter.com/JWLHHXB4rW

    — Ministry of Youth and Culture | Rwanda (@YouthCultureRW) July 17, 2020

    Urupfu rwa Yahaya rukaba rwashenguye bikomeye kandi abo babyinanaga mu itorero ry’Igihugu Urucyerereza ndetse no mu itsinda Gakondo.

    Yahaya yitabye Imana

    source http://isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/yahya-wari-umaze-imyaka-irenga-20-mu-itorero-ry-iihugu-yitabye-imana

  • Ibivejuru byamenye mbere ko Isi igiye kwibasirwa na coronavirus byohereza ubutumwa #rwanda #RwOT

    Professor Nancy McMurray avuga ko ayo majwi ari ubutumwa bw’imbuzi ibivejuru ‘aliens’ zohereje ku Isi ziyimenyesha ko igiye kwibasirwa n’icyorezo kidasanzwe.

    Aliens ni ibiremwa bidasanzwe bitekerezwa ko biba mu isanzure, ibi biremwa ngo bifite ubwenge buruta ubw’abantu ariko ntabwo biva amaraso y’umutuku. Nta gihamya ihari yemeza 100% ko ibivejuru biriho.

    Ayo majwi yinjiye kuri frequence 23 z’amaradiyo. Yari amajwi afite uburebure bw’amasagonda 4,23.

    Iyi nzobere ivuga ko 17 asa yinjiye mu Isi kuva tariki 4 kugera tariki 29 Ugushyingo 2019.

    Professor McMurray ati “Aya ntabwo yari amajwi asanzwe kuko ntabwo amajwi aturuka ku miterere y’isanzure ashobora kwisubiramo mu buryo bumwe mu gihe cy’amezi abiri”.

    Inzobere za NASA zivuga ko aya majwi ari ubutumwa bwoherejwe n’ibivejuru mu rwego rwo kuburira Isi ko igiye kwibasirwa n’icyorezo cya coronavirus.

    Ati “Dushingiye ku gihe ubu butumwa bwasiye, bwari imbuzi y’uko Isi igiye kwibasirwa n’icyorezo cya covid-19”

    Bamwe mu bashakashatsi banenze igisobanuro cyahawe aya majwi bavuga ko habayeho kuvuga ibintu uko babyumva badashingiye ku bimenyetso bifatika.

    Kaminuza zitandukanye bw’Isi zasabye NASA kuziha kopi kuri aya majwi ariko kugeza ntabwo NASA iratanga aya majwi.

    source http://www.ukwezi.rw/Udushya/article/Ibivejuru-byamenye-mbere-ko-Isi-igiye-kwibasirwa-na-coronavirus-byohereza-ubutumwa