Ni ubufasha bwatangiye mbere cyane u Rwanda rukibona ubwigenge mu 1962 ariko burushaho gukara ubwo Habyarimana yajyaga ku butegetsi mu 1973.
Mu 1990 ubwo FPR Inkotanyi yatangizaga urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, u Bufaransa buri mu bihugu bya mbere byatabaye bwangu Habyarimana, ingabo zabwo zijya gutera ingabo mu bitugu Inzirabwoba (FAR) mu cyiswe ‘opération Noroît’.
Izo ngabo zakomeje kuhaba ubwo imirwano yahagararaga, ariko ubutumwa bwazo busa nk’ubuhindutse zijya mubyo gutoza Interahamwe n’ingabo za Leta, kandi icyo gihe u Bufaransa bwari bufite amakuru ahagije y’uburyo imyitozo ingabo zabo zitanga ikoreshwa mu kwikiza abo Leta itashakaga aribo Batutsi.
U Bufaransa kandi bwarushijeho kongera inkunga bwateraga Leta ya Habyarimana mu bijyanye n’igisirikare harimo intwaro n’ibindi.
Uruhare rw’iki gihugu cy’igihangange ku Mugabane w’u Burayi ntirwarangiriye ku bufasha mu gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside kuko na nyuma yayo cyagize uruhare mu gutorokesha abayigizemo uruhare banyuze mu mashyamba y’icyahoze ari Zaïre, ubu ni Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, RDC.
Tariki 9 Mata 1994, u Bufaransa bwohereje ingabo zabwo mu Rwanda guhungisha Abafaransa bari bahari, basiga ibihumbi by’abatutsi mu maboko y’Interahamwe n’ingabo za Leta.
Ntibyatinze nyuma y’amezi abiri, muri Kamena 1994 icyo gihugu cyagaruye ingabo zacyo mu Rwanda, ziza mu cyiswe ’Operation Turquoise’ yari ifite inshingano zo gutabara abahigwaga.
Intego nyamukuru ya Opération Turquoise yari igamije kurinda impunzi zari zahungiye mu Majyepfo y’Iburengerazuba bw’u Rwanda, mu duce twahoze ari Kibuye (ubu ni mu Karere ka Karongi), Cyangugu (ubu ni mu Karere ka Rusizi) na Gikongoro (ubu ni mu Karere ka Nyamagabe). Nyuma y’igihe gito ariko byagaragaye ko ubwicanyi bwakomeje kuba mu bice byarimo ingabo 2500 z’Abafaransa ndetse umugambi wa Opération Turquoise uza kumenyekana, kuko yari igamije gufasha abasirikare bari inkoramutima z’u Bufaransa guhunga ubutabera.
Muri Kanama 1994, ubwo Opération Turquoise yari igeze ku musozo, Ingabo z’Abafaransa zafashije abari muri Guverinoma y’Inzibacyuho yari yiganjemo abajenosideri guhungira muri Zaïre ya Mobutu.
Icyo gihe impunzi zirenga miliyoni n’igice zari zihagarariwe n’abahoze ari abayobozi , abaminisitiri, ba burugumesitiri, bagannye mu nkambi zari zikwirakwiriye ahantu hose kuva muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru kugera mu majyepfo ya Bukavu hafi y’Umupaka uhuza Zaïre n’u Rwanda.
Bitewe n’ibi bikorwa, Leta y’u Rwanda yakomeje gushinja u Bufaransa ko bwagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994.
Ubuyobozi bw’u Bufaransa bwakomeje kugendera kure ayo makuru kugeza ubwo Perezida Emmanuel Macron yaje gushyiraho ‘Komisiyo ya Duclert’ igamije gucukumbura ibikubiye mu nyandiko zitari zigeze zishyirwa ahagaragara zigaragaza amateka y’u Rwanda n’u Bufaransa hagati ya 1990 na 1994.
Ku wa 26 Werurwe 2021, ni bwo Raporo y’Abashakashatsi mu mateka ku ruhare bw’u Bufaransa muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, yagaragaje ko iki gihugu cyagize “uruhare rukomeye kandi ntagereranywa” mu mateka ashaririye u Rwanda rwanyuzemo mu 1994. Raporo igaragaza ko u Bufaransa bwafashije Leta ya Habyarimana bufite amakuru y’uko igambiriye kugirira nabi abatutsi, bigakorwa na Perezida Mitterrand n’ibyegera bye, bitabanje kwemezwa n’izindi nzego za Leta.
Muri iyi nkuru, IGIHE yakusanyije amafoto 100 yo mu bihe bitandukanye yafashwe igihe ingabo z’u Bufaransa zari ziri mu Rwanda hagati ya 1990-1994, cyane cyane ayo muri Opération Noroît na Opération Turquoise.
Ingabo z’u Bufaransa imbere y’ikibuga cy’indege i Kigali tariki 6 Ukwakira 1990 ubwo zatangiraga opération Noroît
Abaturage b’Abafaransa n’Ababiligi ku kibuga cy’indege cya Kigali mu Ukwakira 1990 ubwo ingabo z’Abafaransa zazaga gutanga umusada ku za Habyarimana
Ingabo z’u Bufaransa mu Ukwakira 1990 zirinze ikibuga cy’indege cya Kigali
Tariki 6 Ukwakira 1990 ubwo ingabo z’u Bufaransa zageraga mu Rwanda muri opération Noroît
U Bufaransa buri ku isonga mu bihugu bishyirwa mu majwi kubera uruhare rwabwo muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi
Aha ingabo z’u Bufaransa zari zirimo gucunga umutekano mu misozi ya Kibuye muri gihe cya Opération Turquoise
Umusirikare w’Umufaransa aca iruhande rw’umwana witabye Imana muri Jenoside
Ingabo z’u Bufaransa ubwo zagenzuraga impunzi zashakaga kujya mu bihugu bitandukanye birimo na Zaïre
Umusirikare w’Umufaransa ubwo yari ku burinzi mu Nkambi ya Nyarushishi mu Karere ka Rusizi ahari hahungiye Abatutsi barenga 8000
Ingabo z’Abafaransa zishinjwa kugira uruhare mu gutoza interahamwe zakoze Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi 1994. Aha zanyuraga ku nsoresore zategurirwaga kuzashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi
Ingabo z’u Bufaransa zari mu Rwanda zari zifite ibikoresho bihambaye byari kuzifasha gushyira iherezo kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ariko ntibyagezweho
Ingabo z’Abafaransa zari zirinze umutekano muri Opération Turquoise
Abafaransa baje mu Rwanda bafite ibikoresho bihagije basa n’abiteguye kurwana
Imodoka za gisirikare z’ingabo z’u Bufaransa ubwo zari gucunga umutekano ahahoze hitwa Gikongoro muri Opération Turquoise
Ubwo Ingabo z’u Bufaransa zageraga mu Rwanda muri Kamena 1994, zije muri Opération Turquoise
Izi ngabo zari zifite ibikoresho bihambaye birimo n’intwaro za rutura
Izi ngabo zari zari zifite umugambi wo gutorokesha abari muri Leta yakoze Jenoside aho gutabara abari mu kaga
Mu Rwanda hari ingabo 2500 z’Abafaransa muri Opération Turquoise
Aha izi ngabo ziteguraga gucyura abaturage bakomoka muri Amerika, u Bufaransa n’u Bubiligi bari mu Rwanda
Ku wa 27 Kamena 1994, ubwo abasirikare b’u Bufaransa bageraga i Murutu, mu bilometero 60 uvuye ku mupaka w’u Rwanda na Congo
Umusirikare w’u Bufaransa ubwo yari arinze umutekano mu Nkambi ya Nyarushishi
Ingabo z’u Bufaransa ubwo zarimo zireberera imyitozo yakozwe n’Interahamwe
Ingabo z’Abafaransa zarebereraga impunzi zerekeza mu cyahoze ari Zaïre, ubu ni muri RDC
Ingabo z’Abafaransa zari nyinshi mu Nkambi ya Nyarushishi, aha umusirikare w’Umufaransa yari ku burinzi n’imbunda yari igezweho muri icyo gihe
Umusirikare w’Umufaransa aganiriza abana mu Nkambi ya Nyarushishi bahuje urugwiro
Hari abakoze imyigaragambyo yo kwishimira Opération Turquoise, banavuga ibigwi François Mitterand wari Perezida w’u Bufaransa
Ingabo z’u Bufaransa ubwo zarimo ziganira n’abana bari mu nkambi
Ingabo y’u Bufaransa iri kurebera mu ndebakure mu gihe cya “Opération Turquoise”
Ingabo z’u Bufaransa zicunze umutekano ahahoze ari ku Gisenyi. Abaturage beretse urukundo abasirikare banitwaza ibyapa bibyerekana
Aha izi ngabo ziri mu misozi ya za Kibuye muri Kanama 1994
Abaturage bamwe bishimiye ingabo z’u Bufaransa zari zije muri Opération Turquoise
Abanyarwanda bamwe bishimiraga inkuru y’uko u Bufaransa bugiye kohereza ingabo muri Opération Turquoise
Muri Kanama 1994, ubwo Opération Turquoise yari igeze ku musozo, Ingabo z’Abafaransa zafashije abari muri Guverinoma y’Inzibacyuho yari yiganjemo abajenosideri guhungira muri Zaïre yayoborwaga na Mobutu
Umusirikare w’Umufaransa arinze umutekano ku mupaka w’u Rwanda na Zaïre aho abajenosideri benshi banyuze bahunga
Ku wa 22 Kamena mu 1994, ni bwo Loni ibisabwe n’u Bufaransa yafashe umwanzuro ubwemerera kohereza ingabo zabwo mu Rwanda muri “Opération Turquoise”
Mu nkambi ya Nyarushishi yari hafi ya Congo hari Abafaransa benshi
Umusirikare w’Umufaransa aganiriza abana mu Nkambi ya Nyarushishi
Izi ngabo zari zifite imbunda zigezweho byerekanaga ko zari zakereye urugamba
Opération Turquoise yamaze amezi atatu. U Bufaransa bwaje mu Rwanda bufite abasirikare 2.500 ariko bwari bunafite intwaro zari ku bibuga by’indege bya Goma, Bukavu na Kisangani
Iyi Opération yarangiye mu kwezi kwa Kanama 1994
Abanyarwanda bari ku mupaka kwakira ingabo zije muri Opération Turquoise ziturutse muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo
Opération Turquoise yamaze amezi atatu mbere yo gushyirwaho iherezo
Ingabo zatsinzwe (EX FAR) ubwo zari zirinze umupaka w’u Rwanda na Congo, ari nako bizorohera gukomeza guhunga
Ingabo zahawe ikaze ubwo zinjiraga mu Rwanda. Zari zitwaje ibikoresho bihambaye birimo n’imodoka za gisirikare
Colonel Didier Thauzin wabaye Umujyanama wa Perezida Habyarimana yari muri Opération Turquoise itaravuzweho rumwe
Aha abanyamahanga babaga mu Rwanda bari bacyuwe mu gikorwa cyayobowe n’ingabo z’Abafaransa ku bufatanye n’iz’Ababiligi
Umusirikare wari ku burinzi ubwo Abafaransa bacyuraga bene wabo babahungishije intambara yabaga
Abanyamahanga bari mu Rwanda bacyuwe babifashijwemo n’Ingabo z’Abafaransa
Imodoka zacyuye abanyamahanga ubwo zari zigeze ku Kibuga Mpuzamahanga cy’Indege cya Kigali i Kanombe. Cyari kitarahindurirwa izina kuko cyitwaga Ikibuga Mpuzamahanga cy’Indege cyitiriwe Grégoire Kayibanda
Imodoka itwaye abanyamahanga yanyuraga ku mirambo y’abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda, nk’aho nta cyabaye
Mbere yo gucyura abanyamahanga hakorwaga intonde zabo bigizwemo uruhare n’Ingabo z’Abafaransa
Ingabo z’u Bufaransa ubwo zari zirinze umutekano mu yahoze ari Cyangugu
Ingabo z’u Bufaransa zururutsa ibikoresho bya gisirikare byari bigejejwe mu Rwanda
Ingabo zoherejwe muri Opération Turquoise ubwo zari zikiri i Bukavu mbere yo kwerekeza mu Rwanda
Abantu bagiye gutegereza ingabo z’u Bufaransa bacinya akadiho mu buryo bwerekana ko bari bishimiye ko bagiye kubona ubutabazi
Abafaransa bagiye muri Zone Turquoise bitwaje intwaro za karahabutaka bisa naho biteguye kurwana inkundura. Bari bafite indege z’intambara zirenga 30 n’abasirikare 2500
Ingabo z’u Bufaransa ubwo zari mu Mujyi wa Bukavu zitegereje indege izigeza mu Rwanda
Ingabo z’u Bufaransa zagize uruhare mu myitozo y’interahamwe zategurirwaga gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi
Ku Gisenyi, izi ngabo zari ku burinzi mu gihe abaturage barimo bahunga
Aba basirikare bari bafite misiyo yo gutorokesha abagize uruhare muri Jenoside
Izi ngabo zari zifite imodoka z’intambara zikomeye
Abanyarwanda barenga miliyoni ebyiri barahunze mu bihe bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi
Ingabo z’u Bufaransa ubwo zari zirinze umutekano i Cyangugu
Izi ngabo zakoraga ibikorwa byo kuzenguruka zicunga umutekano
État Major y’u Bufaransa yashinjwe gutegura ‘Opération Turquoise’ kugira ngo abari bamaze gukora Jenoside babone inzira yo guhunga
U Bufaransa bwohereje abasirikare 2500 batojwe byo mu rwego ruhanitse mu bikorwa by’ubugiraneza kandi bafite ibikoresho byari bigezweho muri icyo gihe
Aha umusirikare w’umufaransa yari ari kuri bariyeri yaka indangamuntu
Raporo y’abashakashatsi mu mateka yagaragaje ko u Bufaransa bwagize “uruhare rukomeye” muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Aha izi ngabo zari i Gikongoro
Umusirikare w’Umufaransa aha impunzi amazi yo kunywa
Mu bice ingabo z’Abafaransa zarimo, hari amasasu menshi nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi
Izi ngabo zanagiye muri Congo mu Nkambi z’Abanyarwanda zari zarahungiyeyo
Impunzi zari nyinshi zicungiwe umutekano n’Abafaransa
Ingabo z’Abafaransa zishyira ku murongo impunzi ziteguraga kwambuka umupaka zigana muri RDC
Ibihumbi byinshi by’impunzi ziteguraga guhunga kubera Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yatumye benshi bava mu byabo
Amaso ya benshi yari ahanzwe ingabo z’u Bufaransa ko zatabara abari mu kaga ariko ntacyo byatanze
Mu Rwanda, Ingabo z’u Bufaransa zubashye amabwiriza ya politiki ndetse benshi mu basirikare n’abofisiye babwo bakurikije amategeko yatumye badahagarika Jenoside
Abaturage bihisha kajugujugu y’Abafaransa muri Zone Turquoise
François Gerard Marie Léotard wari Minisitiri w’Ingabo w’u Bufaransa kuva 1993 kugera 1995 yasuye ingabo z’icyo gihugu zari mu Rwanda
Ingabo zatsinzwe zari zifite amayeri yo kuzamura idarapo ry’u Bufaransa mu rwego rwo kwimenyekanisha ku ngabo zabwo mu kwirinda imirwano
Ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zifatanyije n’iz’u Bufaransa kuko zari zimaze igihe zaranywanye
Izi ngabo zabaga mu misozi y’inkambi zirinze umutekano w’abaturage bari bazirimo
Izi ngabo zari zitegeye inkambi zicungiye umutekano abaturage
Umusirikare w’Umufaransa aganiriza ababyeyi n’abana babo
Ingabo z’u Bufaransa zakwirijwe yombi mu Rwanda, n’ubwo zitari zizanywe no kurinda umutekano
Ingabo z’u Bufaransa ku burinzi bw’imihanda ya Gisenyi mu Burengerazuba bw’u Rwanda
Abanyarwanda bari biteze ko Abafaransa bazaniye abenegihugu ubutabazi babakiriye babashimira ‘ko bemeye gucungura u Rwanda’
Ingabo z’u Bufaransa ziri ku burinzi mu bice by’icyaro muri Cyangugu
Ingabo z’u Bufaransa ku burinzi mu modoka za gisirikare, aho zanyuraga abaturage bazakiranaga ubwuzu
Ingabo z’u Bufaransa ubwo zari zicunze umutekano ku Mupaka wa Gisenyi
Ubwo ingabo z’u Bufaransa zagera mu Majyaruguru y’u Rwanda, zakiranywe ubwuzu n’abiganjemo abana bato
Leave a Reply