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Ntivuguruzwa yerekana ko gufumbiza imvamabuno bitanga umusaruro mwinshi

Uwitwa Ntivuguruzwa Celestin ari mu bahinze ibigori mu kabande kari mu mudugudu wa Byimana mu kagari ka Musezero mu murenge wa Gisozi akarere ka Gasabo, ariko umurima we ugaragara ko utandukanye cyane n’iy’abandi badikanyije.

Ibigori bya Ntivuguruzwa biratoshye kandi buri giti kigiye gihetse ibigori bibiri cyangwa bitatu kandi binini, mu gihe iby’abandi bisa n’ibihishiye kandi bifite ikigori kimwe kimwe cyangwa nta biriho.

Ntivuguruzwa yagize ati “Nawe amaso araguha urabona uburyo ibi bigori ari byiza kurusha iby’abandi, nakoresheje ifumbire bakunze kwita imvamabuno kuko ikomoka ku byo abantu bitumye.”

Uyu muhinzi avuga ko yagiye ku muturanyi we amusaba ubwiherero bwari bumaze kuzura, undi abumuha yishimye kuko yabonaga bamukijije umwanda.

Ntivuguruzwa yirinze kugira iseseme ajya kuyora wa mwanda wari umaze nk’ukwezi kumwe abantu batakijya kuwitumaho, awurunda ahantu, awurinda imvura n’izuba, nyuma yawufumbije ibigori mu murima muto cyane utarengeje metero 40 kuri 30.

Uwo murima ariko n’ubwo ari muto, ngo ugomba kumuviramo byibuze umufuka umwe upima kilogarama 100 z’imvungure z’ibigori byumye akabijyana ku isoko kandi agasagura n’ibyo afungura mu rugo iwe.

Ntivuguruzwa yagize ati “hari benshi badafite inka cyangwa irindi tungo, nakwifuza ko inzego zibishinzwe zabashakira ifumbire ikomoka ku bantu kuko ishobora kuba ari nayo ikora neza kurushaho”.

Ntivuguruzwa avuga ko umusaruro abaturanyi be bateganya kuzabona ubwo ibigori bizaba byeze mu mirima ingana nk’uwe, we yiteze kuwukuba inshuro zirenga eshatu.

Icyakora ntabwo na we arageza ku musaruro uteganywa na Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi(MINAGRI), kuko ifite gahunda y’uko buri hegitare imwe y’ibigori yajya itanga toni zibarirwa hagati ya 6-9, mu gihe umusaruro wa Ntivuguruzwa wo utarenga toni imwe kuri hegitare.

Muri rusange Leta ifite gahunda y’uko mu mwaka wa 2050 umusaruro w’ubuhinzi uboneka kuri buri hegitare imwe y’ubutaka, wazaba wikubye inshuro 13 ugereranyije n’uboneka kugeza ubu.

Ibi byatangajwe na Minisitiri w’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi, Dr Geraldine Mukeshimana mu kwezi kwa Nzeri k’umwaka ushize wa 2020, ubwo yari yagiye gutangiza umushinga wo kurwanya amapfa mu karere ka Kayonza.

Dr Mukeshimana yagize ati “Tugomba gukuba inshuro 13 umusaruro kuri hegitare dufite uyu munsi, cyangwa umukamo w’inka tubona uyu munsi, ni tutabikora Abanyarwanda ntibazabaho, ntibazabasha kurya”.

Mu buryo Leta ivuga ko izifashisha harimo gukoresha inyongeramusaruro (imbuto z’indobanure n’ifumbire) ndetse n’imiti cyangwa ingufu za “nuclear” zirwanya iyangirika ry’ibiribwa byaba bikiri mu murima cyangwa byasaruwe.

Mu maduka abagura baza umwe umwe

Abafite iki cyifuzo ni abacururiza mu masoko atandukanye yo mu Karere ka Musanze harimo iryitwa Goico Plaza mu mujyi wa Musanze. Muri iyi minsi ngo ntibabasha kubona abaguzi uko bikwiye, bitewe n’ingamba zashyizweho harimo n’izirebana n’igihe ntarengwa isoko rigomba kumara rikinguye.

Umwe mu babibwiye Kigali Today yagize ati: “Uku kwezi k’Ukuboza kwatangiye twamaze kurangura ibicuruzwa byinshi kuko twari twiteze abaguzi muri iyi minsi mikuru. Uretse kuba nta baguzi bahahira ibirori kubera ko byahagaritswe; bake b’abaguzi twacungiragaho bahaha mu masaha y’umugoroba guhera saa kumi bavuye mu kazi kabo, izo saha ziri kugera benshi dutanguranwa no kwanura ibicuruzwa, abandi bakinze imiryango kubera gucunganwa na ya saha ya saa moya z’ijoro yo kuba abantu bageze mu rugo; bityo umucuruzi ntabe agikoze ku ifaranga. Byatumye dutangira kubunza imitima twibaza aho imisoro dusabwa kwishyura izava byatuyobeye”.

Abacururiza mu masoko basabwa kwishyura buri kwezi amafaranga y’ubukode bw’aho gucururiza (iseta cyangwa ikibanza), n’amahoro y’isuku rusange. Hiyongeraho umusoro w’ipatante umucuruzi yishyura muri Mutarama buri mwaka. Kuba muri iyi minsi ababagurira ibicuruzwa atari benshi, babiheraho basaba ko ababishinzwe bareba uko babyigaho, bakongera igihe ntarengwa abacuruzi bazatangiraho imisoro n’amahoro.

Aha ni imbere y’amaduka mu isoko rya Goiko Plaza

Yagize ati: “Ubu muri Mutarama buri mucuruzi asabwa kwishyura ipatante, amahoro y’isuku rusange n’imisoro y’aho umuntu acururiza. Kandi ubu ni nako tuba duhanganye n’ubundi bukode bw’aho dutuye n’ibindi bibazo bisaba umuntu amafaranga; bamwe muri twe twafashe inguzanyo ngo ducuruze, ubwo na banki niko ziducanyeho. Dusaba ababishinzwe ko badufasha, igihe cyagenwe cyo gusora muri uku kwezi dutangiye bacyirengagize, bacyegeze inyuma, barebe n’uko bazadukuriraho amande y’ubukererwe, kugira ngo tubanze twisuganye tuyashakishe”.

Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Musanze avuga ko mu byagaragara ko iki ari ikibazo rusange ubuyobozi bushobora kucyigaho, aho bibaye ngombwa bukaba bwagikorera ubuvugizi.

Nuwumuremyi Jeannine yagize ati: “Ubundi ibijyanye n’imisoro bifite amategeko abigenga, ntabwo Akarere kakwicara ngo gafate icyo cyemezo kuko hari inzego zibifite mu nshingano. Ubundi ibipimo by’amahoro byigwaho kandi bikemezwa na Njyanama y’Akarere. N’imisoro hari ibiba byaragendeweho ishyirwaho n’inzego zibifite mu nshingano. Mu gihe abacuruzi babona ari ikibazo kibakomereye bashobora gukora ubusabe bwabo, izo nzego zikaba ari zo zibyigaho, noneho nk’akarere tukabishyira mu bikorwa. Ariko ntibibujije ko natwe babidushyikirije nk’Akarere, twabisesengura neza, noneho tukabakorera ubuvugizi”.

Mu isoko riri muri Gare ya Musanze na ho abacuruzi baranguye ibicuruzwa byinshi ariko abakiriya ngo ntibaza neza

Abacuruzi bavuga ko badashobora kwirara kuri gahunda yo gusora, kuko bamaze gusobanukirwa ko utanze umusoro ku gihe aba agize uruhare mu iterambere ry’igihugu; gusa bakifuza ko muri iki gihe bahanganye n’ingaruka za Covid-19 zituma gahunda nyinshi zihinduka bya hato na hato, ngo Leta ibongereye iminsi yo kwishyuriraho imisoro ikanabakuriraho amande y’ubukererwe ngo yaba ibagobotse, kuko ayo bagakoresheje bayashoye mu kurangura ibyo bari bitezeho kugurisha mu minsi mikuru ariko abaguzi bakaba batabihaha nk’uko bari babyiteze.

Shyaka avuga ko amande hari aho yaremerejwe mu rwego rwo gukangara abakora amakosa nkana (Ifoto yo mu bubiko)

Ayo mande ashyizweho nyuma y’uko abarenga ku mabwiriza bagahanwa bakomeje kwijujutira ibihano bidafite aho byanditse n’amabwiriza abigena, ahanini byashoboraga kubangamira cyangwa korohereza uhanwa.

Amande akaba yacibwaga hakurikije itegeko rihana uwanze gukurikiza gahunda za Leta riteganya ko ahanishwa amande ya 10.000frw mu gihe aya mande yagiyeho icyorezo cya COVID-19 kitaraduka.

Inama Njyanama na yo yemera ko ayo mande hari aho yashoboraga kubangamira umuturage kuko nko kujugunya agapfukamunwa ahatemewe washoboraga gucibwa 10.000frw ariko ubu hakaba hemejwe ko ukoze iryo kosa acibwa 1.000frw gusa.

Perezida w’Inama Njyanama y’Akarere ka Muhanga, Shyaka Theobald, avuga ko amande menshi ari azacibwa amahoteli yarenze ku mabwiriza agacuruza utubari aho yashyizwe ku bihumbi 400frw.

Agira ati, “Aho byagaragaye ko hari amakosa akorwa nkana ibihano twarabiremereje kugira ngo duhindure imyumvire y’abaturage kuko byagaragaye ko ayo makosa akorwa ku bushake akomeza kwiyongera ushaka ku bushake kutagwa muri ibyo bihano bigamije kumurinda ko yagwamo ni yo mpamvu uko amakosa asumbana ari na ko ibihano bisumbana”.

Ku kijyanye no kuba Akarere ka Muhanga karakererewe gushyiraho ibihano ku barenga ku mabwiriza yo kwirinda COVID-19 bikaba byagaragara nk’uburangare, Shyaka avuga ko habanje gukurikizwa itegeko risanzwe ariko byagera mu mpera z’umwaka n’intangiro z’undi hagashyirwaho ingamba zikaze zirimo n’amande mashya.

Avuga ko ku kijyanye n’uburemere bw’amakosa nibura hakozwe urutonde rw’agera kuri 25 buri kosa rikaba rifite igihano cyaryo bivuze ko hari abatazongera guhanwa mu kajagari cyangwa abandi bagacibwa amande adakwiranye n’ikosa bakoze.

Shyaka avuga ko amande yashyizweho mu mpera z’Ukuboza 2020 yahise atangira gukurikizwa kuko byihutirwaga n’ubwo ubundi bisaba ko umwanzuro wa Njyanama ubigena ubanza gushyikirizwa Intara y’Amajyepfo na yo ikagira icyo iwuvugaho.

Amwe mu makosa ashobora kuzaba akomeye ahanirwa amande menshi harimo gufungura utubari, no gukoresha ibirori mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko. Icyakora ngo ikigambiriwe si uguhana kurusha kwigisha.

Yabitangaje kuri uyu wa Mbere tariki 4 Mutarama 2021 nyuma y’aho bamwe mu babyeyi n’abanyeshuri ku mbuga nkoranyambaga bagaragaje ko babangamiwe no kuba batazi amakuru y’itangira.

Hari abagaragaje ko abana biga mu mu mashuri y’incuke n’icyiciro cya mbere cy’amashuri abanza bibagiranye, mu gihe bagenzi babo biga mu cyiciro kimwe mu mashuri akoresha porogaramu mpuzamahanga ari mu Rwanda bo bageze kure amasomo.

Abinyujije kuri Twitter, Dr Sebaganwa yavuze ko mu minsi ya vuba gahunda y’itangira ry’amashuri kuri abo bana iraba yamenyekanye.

Yagize ati “Murakoze kuri izo mpungenge mugaragaje kandi zifite ishingiro. Mineduc na REB turiho turabitegura neza kandi muramenyeshwa gahunda yo gutangira bidatinze.”

Murakoze kuri izo mpungenge mugaragaje kandi zifite ishingiro. Mineduc na REB turiho turabitegura neza kandi muramenyeshwa gahunda yo gutangira bidatinze. Murakoze

— Dr. SEBAGANWA Alphonse (@DrSebaganwa) January 4, 2021

Mu Ukwakira 2020 nibwo Mineduc yatangaje ko ku wa 2 Ugushyingo 2020, hagomba gutangira abanyeshuri bo mu mashuri abanza biga mu mwaka wa Gatanu n’uwa Gatandatu. Uwo munsi hatangiye abo mu yisumbuye biga mu mwaka wa Gatatu, uwa Gatanu n’uwa Gatandatu.

Hatangiye kandi abanyeshuri bo mu mashuri y’Ubumenyi ngiro bari mu mwaka wa Gatatu n’uwa Gatanu ndetse n’abo mu y’Inderabarezi bo mu mwaka wa Mbere n’uwa Gatatu.

Ikindi cyiciro ni icy’abanyeshuri batangiye igihembwe cya kabiri ku wa 23 Ugushyingo. Muri iki cyiciro hatangiye abanyeshuri biga mu mwaka wa kane w’amashuri abanza, n’abo mu ayisumbuye biga mu mwaka wa mbere, uwa Kabiri n’uwa Kane.

Ingengabihe ya MINEDUC igaragaza ko abanyeshuri bazatangira igihembwe cya Gatatu ku wa 19 Mata 2021 kikarangira ku wa 9 Nyakanga 2021, nyuma y’uko bagize icyiruhuko cy’igihembwe cya kabiri kizava ku wa 3 Mata 2021 kikageza ku wa 15 Mata 2021.

Abanyeshuri bari mu myaka ya nyuma isoza, bo biteganyijwe ko bazakora ibizamini mu mpeshyi y’umwaka utaha.

Ku banyeshuri basoza amashuri abanza bazakora ibizamini bya Leta guhera ku wa 12 Nyakanga kugera ku wa 14 Nyakanga 2021, mu gihe abo mu yisumbuye bazabitangira ku wa 20 Nyakanga 2021 bakabisoza ku wa 30 Nyakanga 2021.

REB yijeje ko vuba aha iraba yatangaje ibijyanye n’abiga mu mashuri abanza batarasubira ku ishuri

Cassa Mbungo André yasinye amasezerano y’imyaka ibiri atoza Bandari FC

Kuri uyu wa mbere Tarik ya 04 Mutarama 2021 nibwo ikipe ya Bandari FC yatangaje ko Cassa Mbungo André ari umutoza wayo. Ibicishije ku rukuta rwayo rwa Twitter yavuze ko umushyitsi wari utegerejwe yahageze. Yagize iti “Umushyitsi wacu yahageze ubu ni uwacu urakaza neza mu muryango wa Bandari.”

Ku cyumweru tariki ya 03 Mutarama 2021 ikipe ya Gasogi United yasezeye kuri uyu mutoza. Ibinyujije kuri Twitter yayo yagize iti “Ikipe ya Gasogi United turashima umusanzu w’uwari umutoza wacu Cassa Mbungo Andre Tukwifurije Ishya n’ihirwe aho uzajya hose.”

Si ubwa mbere atoje muri Kenya kuko yanyuze no muri AFC Leopard

Ikipe ya Bandari FC iri ku mwanya wa Gatandatu muri shampiyona y’icyiciro cya mbere muri Kenya aho mu mikino itandatu imaze gukina yatsinzemo imikino ibiri, inganya imikino ibiri , itsindwa imikino ibiri ikaba ifite amanota umunani.

Cassa Mbungo yatoje amakipe akomeye mu Rwanda arimo As Kigali, Police FC, Kiyovu Sports, Rayon sports, AFC Leopards yo muri Kenya na Gasogi United aherukamo. Uyu mugabo yatwaranye na Police FC igikombe cy’amahoro itsinze Rayon Sports ku mukino wa nyuma.

Mu Mudugudu w’Akarutsibuka mu Kagari ka Kibayi mu Murenge wa Mugombwa, nta rugo rudafite inka

Nk’uko bisobanurwa n’umuyobozi w’aka Karere, Jérôme Rutaburingoga, iyi gahunda ngo bayihaye nyuma yo kubona ko abafite inka muri Gisagara ari 30%, mu gihe hafi 90% by’abahatuye ari abahinzi borozi bakeneye ifumbire ihagije yo kugira ngo babashe guhinga beze, ku butaka butiyongera. Kandi ngo nta kindi cyari gutuma bishoboka uretse inka.

Agira ati “Twararebye tubona kugira inka twese byihutirwa, nyamara igihe cyo kugira ngo zigere kuri bose gishobora kuba kirekire dukomeje kugendera kuri gahunda ya Girinka isanzwe.”

Yungamo ati “Twikoreye isuzuma dusanga muri gahunda ya Girinka buri mwaka dutanga inka hagati ya 1000 na 2000, turebye imidugudu dufite dusanga ari 524, bivuga ko buri mwaka twatangaga hafi inka enye kuri buri mudugudu. Nibwo twiyemeje gufata umuhigo w’uko buri rugo rwagira inka.”

Inka zabahaye ifumbire none basigaye beza ibitoki binini cyane

Ku bijyanye n’uko bateganya kubigeraho, uyu muyobozi avuga ko bateganyaga ko inka zizava muri gahunda ya Girinka isanzwe, iyo korozanya hagati y’abaturage, iy’amatsinda abaturage bibumbiramo bakagurirana inka, n’iy’amakoperative azishingira abanyamuryango bakazigura.

Asoza agira ati “Hari n’imiryango itari iya Leta isanzwe ifasha abaturage izasabwa gushyira imbere gushakira abagenerwabikorwa inka, ariko n’abafite amatungo magufi menshi tuzabafasha kureba uko bakuramo inka.”

Uyu muyobozi anavuga ko n’ubwo ari umuhigo munini bihaye, bizeye ko uzagerwaho bafatiye ku kuba mu Kagari ka Kibayi gaherereye mu Murenge wa Mugombwa, kuva babyiyemeza muri 2019 ubu abaturage bafite inka bamaze kugera kuri 86%.

Mu Mudugudu w’Akarutsibuka ho ngo bamaze kugera kuri uyu muhigo ku rugero rwa 100%, kandi abahatuye bavuga ko kuba basigaye bafite inka byahinduye ubuzima bwabo ku buryo bugaragara.

Uwitwa Alexis Ayabagabo ati “Mu mwaka ushize wa 2019 niguriye inka nyuma yo kubishishikarizwa, ubu yarabyaye, irampa amata ku buryo n’abana banjye bamererwe neza. Urutoki rwanjye na rwo rwabaye rwiza kuko ndufumbira, n’imirima yanjye mitoya isigaye yera neza.”

Christine Mukankusi, agaragaza urutoki rwiza rwa Fiya ruri hafi y’urugo rwe, na we ati “Tutaragura inka ngo tubashe gufumbira urutoki twezaga igitoki cy’ibiro 40 cyangwa 45. Ariko ubu turi kweza iby’ibiro 90. Hari n’icyo duherutse gusarura cy’ibiro 110.”

Mu Mudugudu w’Akarutsibuka, ku miringoti no mu nkengero z’imihanda hose hateye ubwatsi

Kubera ko gutunga inka bisaba kugira ubwatsi buhagije, mu Mudugudu w’Akarutsibuka ubu batera ubwatsi bw’inka ku miringoti no mu nkengero z’utuyira cyangwa z’imihanda.

Akarere ka Gisagara kihaye intego y’uko uku kwezi k’Ukuboza 2020 kuzarangira 50% by’abaturage bafite inka, umwaka w’ingengo y’imari 2020-2021 ukazarangira inka zifitwe n’abaturage 90%, naho uwa 2021-2022 ukazarangira nta muturage usigaye atayifite.

Ibi bikubiye mu bushakashatsi NISR yashyize hanze mu Ukuboza 2020, bugamije kwerekana ishusho y’uko urwego rw’ubuhinzi rwawusoje ruhagaze. Bukorwa ku bufatanye n’inzego zose zireberera urwego rw’ubuhinzi.

Ubu bushakashatsi bubaye ku nshuro ya kabiri bwakozwe hagendewe ku makuru yavuye mu bihembwe byose by’ubuhinzi by’umwaka wa 2019/2020 ni ukuvuga igihembwe cya A (Nzeri-Gashyantare), igihembwe cya B ( Werurwe-Kamena) n’igihembwe cya C kiganzamo ubuhinzi bw’imboga, ibijumba bukorerwa mu gishanga n’ubw’ibirayi bukorerwa mu gace k’ibirunga.

Ubu bushakashatsi bukubiye muri raporo izwi nka ‘Upgraded Seasonal Agricultural Survey annual report’ bugaragaza ko ingano y’ahakorerwa ubuhinzi mu 2019/2020 yazamutseho 2% ugereranyije n’umwaka wari wabanje.

Bugaragaza ko u Rwanda rufite ubutaka buhinzeho n’ubushobora guhingwaho bungana na hegitari miliyoni 1,4 ( bingana na 59% by’igihugu cyose) mu gihembwe A muri ubu butaka ubwahinzweho bungana na hegitari miliyoni 1,14, mu gihe mu gihembwe B hahinzwe ubungana na hegitari miliyoni 1,19.

Mu 2019/2020 ubutaka bwose bwahinzweho ni hegitari miliyoni 1,1 ( 81% by’ubutaka bwose bushobora guhingwaho) ubu buso bw’ubutaka bwahinzweho bwazamutse ku kigero cya 2% ugereranyije n’ubwari bwahinzweho mu 2018/2019.

Mu mwaka wa 2019/2020 umusaruro w’ibikomoka ku buhinzi muri rusange wazamutseho 5% ugereranyije n’umwaka ushize, nk’umusaruro w’urutoki wazamutseho 12%, uw’amasaka n’ibigori uzamukaho 7% mu gihe uw’imyumbati wazamutseho 8%.

Impuzandengo y’ingano y’ibihingwa byagiye byera kuri hegitari imwe igaragaza ko mu mwaka ushize kuri hegitari imwe heze toni 1,5 y’ibigori, hera toni imwe y’amasaka, toni 3,9 z’umuceri, toni imwe y’ingano na toni 14,6 z’imyumbati.

Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza kandi ko kuri hegitari imwe heze ibijumba toni 7,1, ibirayi toni 8,2, ibikoro n’amateke toni 6.5, ibitoki byo guteka toni 18,04 wakongeraho n’ibyo kwenga n’iby’imineke umusaruro wabyo byose kuri hegitari ukangana na toni 9,07.

Muri uyu mwaka ushize kandi u Rwanda kuri hegitari imwe rwejeje ibishyimbo bingana na toni 0,68, ubunyobwa toni 0,45, soya toni 0,49, imboga toni 9,4 n’imbuto toni 4,96.

Uko umusaruro wa buri gihingwa uhagaze

Ibigori: Ubushakashatsi bwa NISR bugaragaza ko mu gihembwe cya A cy’umwaka wa 2020, ubuso bwari buhinzeho ibigori bwanganaga na hegitari 2 221 521, bukaba bwarazamutseho 3% ugereranyije n’ubuso byari bihinzeho mu gihembwe nk’iki mu 2019.

Muri iki gihembwe kandi umusaruro w’ibigori wazamutseho 7% ugera kuri toni 353 999 ugereranyije n’aho wari uhagaze mu gihembwe A cya 2019. Impuzandego y’umusaruro w’ibigori igaragaza ko muri iki gihembwe kuri hegitari imwe heze toni 1,5.

Mu gihembwe cya B, ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza ko ubuso bwahinzweho ibigori butahindutse ugereranyije n’igihembwe cya B 2019, gusa umusaruro wo wazamutseho 5% ugera kuri toni 94 634.

Ibijumba: Mu gihembwe A cya 2020 ubuso buhinzeho ibijumba bwanganaga na hegitari 89 427, wagereranya n’ubwo byari buhinzeho mu gihembwe nk’iki mu 2019 ugasanga bwagabanutseho 8%, ibi byatumye n’umusaruro wabyo ugabanukaho 6% ugera kuri toni 635,007.

Mu gihembwe B ubuso buhinzeho ibijumba bwiyongeyeho 4% ugereranyije n’ubwo byari bihinzeho mu gihembwe nk’iki mu mwaka wari wabanje bugera kuri hegitari 84 545, ndetse muri iki gihembwe umusaruro wazamutseho 12% kuko habonetse toni 611 425.

Imibare y’igihembwe C igaragaza ko ubuso bwari buhinzeho ibijumba bwanganaga na hegitari 5583, bukaba bwarazamutseho 5% ugereranyije n’uko bwanganaga mu gihembwe nk’iki umwaka wari wabanje.

Kimwe n’ubuso umusaruro w’ibijumba muri iki gihembwe na wo wazamutseho 10%.

Ibirayi: Imibare y’Igihembwe A cya 2020 igaragaza ko ubuso bwari buhinzeho ibirayi bwazamutseho 4% ugereranyije n’ubwo byari bihinzeho mu 2019 bugera kuri hegitari 51 516, gusa umusaruro wabyo wabonetse muri iki gihembwe wagabanutseho 9% ugereranyije n’uwari wabonetse mu mwaka wari wabanje ugera kuri toni 427 471.

Imibare yo mu Gihembwe B igaragaza ko ubuso bwari buhinzeho ibirayi bwagabanutse ku kigero cya 11% ugereranyije n’ubwo byari bihinzeho mu gihembwe nk’iki mu 2019. Ubu buso bwageze kuri hegitari 43 950.

Umusaruro nawo wagabanutseho 17% ugera kuri toni 352 441. Mu Gihembwe C ubuso buhinzeho ibirayi bwarazamutse ku kigero cya 5% ugereranyije n’ubwo byari bihinzeho mu gihembwe nk’iki mu 2019, gusa umusaruro wo wagabanutseho 4% ugera kuri toni 78 609.

Imyumbati: Imibare y’Igihembwe B igaragaza ko ubuso bwari buhinzeho imyumbati bwanganaga na hegitari 190 447. Ubu buso bwaganutseho 2% ugereranyije n’ubwo yari ihinzeho mu gihembwe nk’iki mu 2019, gusa umusaruro wo wazamutseho 11% ugera kuri toni 578 545.

Mu Gihembwe cya B ubuso buhinzeho imyumbati bwazamutseho 2% bugera kuri hegitari 192 156, umusaruro nawo wazamutseho 6% ugereranyije n’uko wanganaga mu 2019 ugera kuri toni 701 037.

Nubwo umusaruro wa byinshi mu bihingwa wazamutse muri uyu mwaka wa 2019/2020, ku muceri, ibirayi n’ibishyimbo ho siko bimeze kuko umuceri wagabanutseho 11%, ibirayi bigabanukaho 12% n’ibishyimbo bigabanukaho 9%.

Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza ko mu 2019/2020 mu Gihembwe A abahinzi 35,2% bakoresheje imbuto y’indobanure, mu Gihembwe cya B ikoreshwa n’abagera kuri 15,6% mu gihe mu Gihembwe C yakoreshejwe n’abagera kuri 30,6%.

Muri uyu mwaka kandi mu Gihembwe cya A abahinzi 63,6% bakoresheje ifumbire y’imborera, mu Gihembwe B ikoreshwa n’abagera kuri 51,7% mu gihe mu cya C yakoreshejwe n’abahinzi 76,1%.

Abakoresheje ifumbire mvaruganda mu gihembwe cya A ni 21.2%, abayikoresheje muri B ni 15.3% abayikoresheje muri C ni 64.1%.

Umusaruro w’umuceri na wo waguye hasi

Umusaruro w’ibirayi waragabanutse mu gihembwe cya mbere cy’umwaka ushize

Mu 2019/2020 umusaruro w’ibikomoka ku buhinzi wazamutseho 5%

Ubwoko butandukanye bwa za telefone abantu bagiye batunga igihe zari zicyaduka mu Rwanda

Numa yagize ati “Imodoka zishobora kuba zarabisikaniye nko muri Nyungwe nta wamenya, hahhhh,…uwo muntu w’inshuti yanjye yagezeyo abaturanyi bamubwira ko iwabo na bo bazindutse baza i Kigali kumusura,…ubuzima bwa mbere ya telefone bwarimo wasi wasi nyinshi cyane”.

Uruhare rw’impayamaguru n’abafite amajwi aranguruye

Umusaza w’imyaka 82 utuye mu Karere ka Burera, Philippe Furere ujijukiwe n’amateka y’isi avuga ko kuva kera imodoka, indege na telefone bitari byabaho, itumanaho ryakorwaga n’abitwa impayamaguru hamwe n’abantu bafite amajwi aranguruye.

Umusaza Furere avuga ko mu mateka y’ubwami (Abanyaburayi cyane cyane) bagiraga abitwa ‘pioneers’ bashinzwe gutwara ubutumwa buva cyangwa bujya ahantu hatandukanye ku isi, ariko babaga bagiye no kwigira abo bami imiterere y’ibice bitandukanye by’isi.

Ishusho y’impayamaguru (messengers)mu bwami bwa Roma

Furere avuga ko muri rusange umwami yabaga afite intumwa “messengers” zigiye ziri ku misozi itandukanye ku ntera iringaniye umuntu abasha kwiruka, zagendaga zihererekanya ubutumwa bukagera iyo bujya budahagaze mu nzira.

Aba bantu bitwaga ‘impayamaguru’, si ko bose bakoreshaga uburyo bwo kwiruka n’amaguru mu bihugu byose, kuko mu bwami bwa Roma babaga bifashisha amafarashi yiruka cyane.

Impamvu yo gukoresha ‘impayamaguru’ ni uko zabaga zitwaye ubutumwa bw’ibanga ibwami badashaka ko bujya ku karubanda, ariko iyo byabaga ari amakuru asanzwe hifashishwaga abantu bafite amajwi aranguruye.

Furere yagize ati “ari nk’umuntu wapfuye bashakaga umuntu uhagarara ku gasozi ahirengeye akabwira abandi bari ku tundi dusozi, nabo bagahagarara ahirengeye bakabwira abandi bo ku dusozi two hirya yaho, gutyo gutyo”.

Ibitabo by’amateka y’u Rwanda bikomeza bigaragaza ko hari n’aho bakoreshaga ingoma, zikagira imurishyo itandukanye bitewe n’icyo i bwami bashaka kubwira abaturage.

Nk’urugero, umurishyo w’ingoma y’impuruza ihururiza abaturage kwitabira urugamba wabaga utandukanye n’umurishyo w’ingoma ibika itanga ry’umwami(yapfuye), cyangwa uwo kuvuga amacumu y’ingabo zatabarutse ku rugamba.

Uburyo bw’itumanaho bwagiye bworoshywa no kujyana ubutumwa hifashishijwe imodoka zadutse ahagana mu 1770, nyuma mu mwaka 1844 havumburwa imashini za telegaramu zoherezanya ubutumwa bw’ibimenyetso, umuntu yabisoma agakuramo amagambo afite ubusobanuro.

Uretse gutuma impayamaguru, mu kwihutisha gutanga ubutumwa bashaka umuntu ufite ijwiri riranguruye agahagarara ku musozi ahirengeye akamenyesha abantu ibyabaye

Nyuma y’imyaka mike mu 1877 uwitwa Alexander Graham Bell yavumbuye telefone ya mbere yo mu biro cyangwa mu rugo ikoresha urutsinga, ariko iyo telefone yakomeje kunganirwa na telegaramu, imodoka n’indege mu kuvana ubutumwa hamwe bujya ahandi.

Iri tumanaho ryose ariko ryakoreshwaga n’umugabo rigasiba undi bitewe n’uko ryifashisha ibikoresho n’uburyo buhenze.

Telefone ya mbere yo mu nzu yavumbuwe mu 1877

Igitekerezo cyo gukora telefone zigendanwa cyagizwe bwa mbere n’uruganda rw’Abanyamerika Motorola rukora ibikoreshwa n’amashanyarazi (electronics) mu mwaka wa 1940.

Nyuma yaho mu mwaka wa 1973 uwitwa Martin Cooper wayoboraga ubushakashatsi muri urwo ruganda rwa Motorola yaje kumurika telefone igendanwa ya mbere yitwaga ‘Motorola DynaTac 8000 mu mihanda y’i New York muri Amerika.

Motorola DynaTac 8000, telefone ya mbere igendanwa yavumbuwe mu 1973

Icyo gihe abatuye isi muri rusange bari bakomeje gutumanaho hakoreshejwe kugenda n’amaguru cyangwa kohereza intumwa, itumanaho rya telefone (zitwa fixe), iposita no kugenda mu modoka bigaharirwa abifite n’abajijutse.

Umubyeyi witwa Umupfasoni yagize ati “inshuti yanjye twarahuraga tukaganira imbonankubone, naba nshaka ko duhura nkandika urwandiko nkaruha gasaza kanjye kakarwirukankana ubwo na we akaba anyoherereje igisubizo…, ni urwo rujya n’uruza rwabagaho nta bya telefone”.

Umwaka wa1998, umwaduko wa telefone zigendanwa mu Rwanda

Mu kwezi kwa Nzeri 1998 nibwo Sosiyete MTN Rwanda Cell yazaga gukorera mu Rwanda, akaba ari bwo Umunyarwanda wa mbere yatunze telefone igendanwa.

Telefone za mbere mu Rwanda zabanje mu bayobozi bakuru b’Igihugu, zigenda zimanuka zigera muri rubanda gake gake uko imyaka igenda ishira.

Alain Numa yakomeje asobanura ko icyo gihe MTN yagurishaga telefone nini zo mu bwoko bwa Nokia zimeze nk’ibibando, ariko nyuma yaho hagiye haza telefone nto zo mu bwoko bwa Alcatel, Motorola, Samsung n’izindi.

Numa yibukije uburyo guhamagara no kwitaba byombi byari bihenze kuko umuntu yaguraga ikarita yo guhamagara y’amafaranga 2,500 ndetse n’iyo kwitaba ya 2,500Frw, kandi zombi zikamara ukwezi kumwe gusa.

Yagize ati “gukoresha ubwo buryo buhenze zari ingamba zigamije gufasha gukwirakwiza vuba vuba iminara(hirya no hino mu gihugu)”.

Bitewe no guhenda kwa telefone ubwazo n’ama inite yo guhamagara, haje gukoreshwa telefone za rusange zitwaga ‘Tuvugane’, nyuma ziza kwitwa ‘Terimbere’.

Ubwo andi masosiyete y’itumanaho ya Tigo na Airtel aba araje, ikiguzi MTN yari yarashyizeho cyo kwitaba kiba gikuweho ndetse n’icyo guhamagara kigenda kigabanyuka kugeza uyu munsi aho umuntu ashobora kugura ‘ama inite’ y’amafaranga 100.

Byinshi mu byaranze telefone zigendanwa mu Rwanda wabisanga mu nkuru yacu twakoze muri 2019, ivuga ku ngorane no guhuzagurika kwabayeho ubwo ikoranabuhanga rya telefone ngendanwa ryazaga ritari rimenyerewe.

Mu myaka 20 telefone igendanwa imaze igeze mu Rwanda, ubuzima bwarahindutse ku buryo umumaro wayo warenze guhamagarana no kwandikirana ubutumwa bugufi, ubu telefone ikaba yarabaye ishingiro ry’imibereho ya buri munsi.

Uretse kuba igikoresho cyo gutumanaho no kumenya amakuru y’ibibera hose ku isi, telefone ni banki umuntu abitsaho amafaranga (kuri Mobile/Airtel Money) ndetse ikaba imaze gusimbura inoti n’ibiceri umuntu yitwazaga ajya guhaha no kwishyura ibintu na serivisi zitandukanye.

Numa wo muri MTN yakomeje agira ati “Telefone yarinze benshi ingendo zabavunaga kuko umuntu ufite inka muri Nyabihu bitakiri ngombwa guhora ajya kuzireba azishyiriye imiti, ndetse abantu kuri ubu ntibikiri ngombwa ko bakorana inama bari kumwe”.

Kubeshya no kubura urukundo, bimwe mu bibi byiyongereye kubera telefone

Ushobora kuba uri mu modoka ukumva uwo muri kumwe arahamagaye kuri telefone ati “Ngeze i Nyabugogo” nyamara iyo modoka arimo iri mu mujyi wa Muhanga.

Muri iki gihe smartphones hari abatazishira amakenga bakavuga ko n’ubwo zazanye iterambere zigenda zigabanya urukundo no gushyikirana hagati y’abantu

Uretse ibinyoma, kurangaza abantu rimwe rimwe zibatoza imico mibi, telefone ngo zatumye urukundo mu bantu rutakibaho nk’uko twabisobanuriwe n’umubyeyi witwa Musabyemaliya Jacqueline utuye i Kigali.

Yagize ati “Kera umuntu yakumburaga undi akajya kumusura, none ubu iyo amuhamagaye akabona ifoto ye kuri whatsapp, biba birangiye”.

Musabyemaliya avuga ko uko telefone zazanye iterambere no kujijuka mu bantu, ari nako zazanye ibibi bituma benshi batakaza ubumuntu.

Imibare igaragaza ko mu myaka itanu ishize abaturage bahawe amashanyarazi bavuye kuri 13% by’abari batuye aka Karere bakagera kuri 63,84% ndetse Akarere kanashyize imbaraga mu kongera ingano y’imihanda imurikirwa n’amatara mu gihe cy’ijoro.

Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Gisagara, Rutaburingoga Jérôme, avuga ko bavuye kure kuko mu 1994 muri aka Karere nta muturage n’umwe wagiraga amashanyarazi, kugeza n’aho akarere kubatse, hose nta mashanyarazi yaharangwaga. Mu 2010 abayafite nabwo bari bake cyane kuko banganaga na 2.2%, ariko muri 2015 baza kwiyongera bagera kuri 13%.

Yagize ati “Twateye intambwe kuko twavuye kuri 13% tugera kuri 63,84% aho amashanyarazi mu gihe cy’imyaka itanu yikubye hafi inshuro eshanu. Kuva 2010 kugeza uyu munsi mu myaka 10 dukubye inshuro hafi 32. Ni ibintu bikomeye cyane umuntu yakwishimira.”

Amatara yo ku mihanda nayo muri iyi myaka itanu ishize hubatswe ibilometero 22,3, bisanga ibindi umunani byari bihari. Ubwo byose hamwe ni ibilometero 30,3.

Muri aka Karere kandi hagiye kuzura uruganda rwa nyiramugengeri ruzatangira gutanga amashanyarazi muri Werurwe 2021, rukazatuma amashanyarazi ari mu gihugu hose yiyongeraho 40%.

Hubatswe imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi itandukanye irimo uwa Mayaga-Hakani-Kibirizi- Nyange ifite ibilometero 92, wahaye amashanyarazi ingo ibihumbi 23. Hari kandi n’uwa Remera-Muganza-Ndora ufite ibilometero 43 wagejeje amashanyarazi ku baturage barenga ibihumbi 16 ndetse n’uwa Higiro-Kigembe-Mukindo w’ibilometero 100 watumye ingo zisaga ibihumbi 40 zibona amashanyarazi.

Mu myaka itanu ishize abaturage begerejwe amazi meza muri metero zitarenze 500 basaga 12% by’abatuye Akarere, kuko bavuye kuri 61% bagera ku kigero cya 72,5%.

Bamwe mu baturage bo mu Karere ka Gisagara bavuga ko guhabwa amashanyarazi n’amazi meza ari iterambere kuri bo kuko byabahinduriye imibereho.

Karamage Frederic wo mu Murenge wa Mamba yagize ati “Imibereho yacu yarahindutse kuko badutuje mu mudugudu mwiza urimo amashanyarazi n’amazi meza. Ntabwo tukirwara indwara ziterwa n’umwanda kuko dufite amazi meza kandi tuba ahantu hafite isuku.”

Mukamwiza Immaculee wo mu Murenge wa Kansi na we avuga ko guhabwa amazi meza n’amashanyarazi byabahinduriye ubuzima.

Ati “Amazi meza yaradufashije cyane kuko twari tuyakeneye none bayaduhaye hafi ku buryo umwana ayavoma hafi akabona uko ajya ku ishuri. Mu ngo zacu turangwa n’usuku muri byose. Amashanyarazi atuma tuba ahabona kandi abana basubiramo amasomo nimugoroba nta kibazo.”

Mu dusanteri dutandukanye two mu mirenge igize Akarere ka Gisagara hakorerwa ibikorwa bitandukanye bikenera amashanyarazi ku buryo nta washidikanya ko kuyahageza byatumye benshi bihangira imirimo irimo gusudira, kwandikisha imashini, gufotoza impapuro, serivise z’Irembo n’ibindi.

Kugeza ubu Akarere ka Gisagara gafite ingo 88,201 ziri mu mirenge 13 ikagize n’utugari 59 naho imidugudu ikaba 514.

Ingo zimaze guhabwa amashanyarazi zose ni 56,307 harimo izahawe akomoka ku miyoboro migari 45,101 zingana na 51,13% by’ingo ziri muri Gisagara. Hari kandi izahawe amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba, zingana na 11,206 (12,7%).

Imiyoboro igeza amashanyarazi ku baturage imaze kugera henshi mu Karere ka Gisagara

Abatujwe mu midugudu bagahabwa amazi n’amashanyarazi bavuga ko byabahinduriye ubuzima

Abacururiza mu dusanteri twahawe amashanyarazi bavuga ko bazarushaho kwihangira imirimo

Mu dusanteri twa Gisagara hari kugaragara impinduka bitewe n’amashanyarazi yahagejejwe

Mu baturage bahawe amashanyarazi harimo n’abakoresha ay’imirasire y’izuba

Rutaburingoga Jérôme uyobora Akarere ka Gisagara avuga ko kavuye kure kuko mu 1994 nta mashanyarazi na macye yaharangwaga