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Ni nyuma y’uko Minisitiri Busingye n’ubundi yari aherutse kugeza kuri ako Kanama uko igihugu gihagaze ku ngingo yo kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu, muri Raporo Mpuzamahanga ku isuzuma Ngarukagihe ku iyubahirizwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu mu gihugu (UPR), iba buri myaka itanu.

Icyo gihe Minisitiri Busingye yari yavuze ko muri rusange igihugu cyateye intambwe ishimishije mu guteza imbere uburenganzira bwa muntu, bitewe n’uko cyari cyashyize mu bikorwa imyanzuro 50 cyari cyasabwe kubahiriza n’aka Kanama k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye gashinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu.

Kuri iyi nshuro, nyuma y’uko u Rwanda rutanze raporo yerekana uko uburenganzira bwa muntu bwubahirizwa mu gihugu, aka Kanama kongeye guha igihugu indi myanzuro kizakurikiza mu myaka itanu iri imbere, kugira ngo u Rwanda rurusheho gutera imbere mu kubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu.

Minisitiri Busingye yavuze ko imyanzuro 160 u Rwanda rwahawe ruzayubahiriza muri rusange, kuko n’ubundi rusanzwe ruri mu nzira nziza yo kubahiriza ubu burenganzira.

Yagize ati “Ndifuza gushimangira ubushake bw’u Rwanda mu gushyira mu bikorwa imyanzuro dushyigikiye. Izahabwa agaciro muri gahunda yo guteza imbere uburenganzira bwa muntu mu myaka itanu iri imbere kuko ari ingenzi mu kugera ku ntego y’uburenganzira bwa muntu bwuzuye.”

Yavuze no ku myanzuro ibiri u Rwanda rutashyigikiye, irimo uwa 75 n’uwa 49, ati “ku myanzuro tutashyigikiye, ni uko isanzwe iri muri gahunda, ibikorwa, ingamba n’amavugurura ari kubaho magingo aya, ikazakomeza gukorera muri icyo cyerekezo”.

Minisitiri Busingye yavuze ko ibikorwa byo gutegura uburyo iyo myanzuro izashyirwa mu bikorwa bigeze kure, avuga ko mu minsi iri imbere hateganyijwe inama n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa kugira ngo gahunda y’uburyo iyi myanzuro izashyirwa mu bikorwa inozwe.

Ubwo yagezaga raporo ku Kanama k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye kita ku Burenganzira bwa muntu, Minisitiri Busingye yavuze ko u Rwanda rumaze gutera intambwe ifatika mu guteza imbere uburenganzira bwa muntu, bikagaragarira mu bwisanzure bwo kwishyira ukizana buri mu gihugu, ubw’itangazamakuru, ubw’ubutabera, ndetse no kuba igihugu gifite Komisiyo y’Igihugu Ishinzwe Uburenganzira bwa muntu kandi yigenga.

Minisitiri Busingye yahakanye ibirego by’uko mu Rwanda haba gereza zitazwi, avuga ko ikibazo gihari ari ubucucike buri muri gereza zihari, ariko ko ku rundi ruhande bugaragaza ko inzego z’iperereza zirimo RIB na Polisi ziri gukora akazi kazo neza, byose bigatanga umusaruro w’umutekano usesuye tubona mu gihugu.

Yanasobanuye ko hari byinshi bikomeje gukorwa mu guhangana n’ikibazo cy’ubucucike muri za gereza, birimo kwambika abantu ibikomo by’ikoranabuhanga byerekana aho baherereye, ubundi bagakora igihano cyabo bari hanze ya gereza.

Minisitiri w’Ubutabera, akaba n’Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta, Johnson Busingye, yavuze ko u Rwanda ruzubahiriza imyanzuro rwahawe igamije guteza imbere uburenganzira bwa muntu

Mu mirimo y’agahato yabagaho hari harimo no gukora imihanda

Hari bamwe mu bantu ubwira gukora ibyo badashaka ukumva baragusubije ngo “winshyiraho agahato, umugogoro, uburetwa, shiku, ubuhake”, cyangwa ngo “umpaye akazi gakomeye”.

Aya mazina yakoreshejwe cyane mu gihe cy’ubukoloni kuva mu 1916 ubwo Abadage bari batsinzwe intambara ya mbere y’isi (1914-1918), bagasimburwa n’Ababiligi bagejeje mu mwaka wa 1962.

Iyo nyandiko dukesha aya makuru igaragaza ko abakoloni b’Ababiligi basuzuguraga umwirabura bavuga ngo ‘ntashobora kwibwiriza icyamugirira akamaro ngo agikore, ngo ni umunebwe’, ndetse bakaba batarashakaga ko amafaranga yabo yateza imbere u Rwanda kuko bari bazi ko ari indagizo ya y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye (ONU).

Iyo nyandiko kandi ivuga ko ibyo bikorwa by’agahato, umuturage wese yumvaga imvune yabyo, akumva ububi bw’ako gahato, kabone n’ubwo kabaga kagamije kumufasha kubona ibimutunga nko guhinga imyumbati, ibijumba, n’ibindi.

Imirimo yitwa AKAZI (corvée/forced labour)

Akazi byari ibikorwa by’agahato bidahemberwa, byazanywe n’ubutegetsi bwite bw’Abazungu, bikaba byari bigamije gukoresha abaturage imihanda, gutera amashyamba (abasore 300 bagombaga gutera nibura hectare imwe y’inturusu ahagana mu mwaka wa 1930), bagombaga no kubaka inzu z’abategetsi no gutwara ibikoresho birimo ibiti n’amatafari, ndetse no gucukura imirwanyasuri.

Uburetwa

Uburetwa yari imirimo abaturage bakoreraga abategetsi biturutse ku isano umukire yabaga afitanye n’umukene, cyangwa iyo umutegetsi yabaga afitanye n’abo ategeka, ariko iyo mirimo ntigire ibihembo.

Imirimo y’uburetwa yabaga itandukanye n’ubuhake cyangwa akazi k’igihe cy’Abazungu, kuko yakorerwaga umutegetsi kuva na mbere y’umwaduko w’Abazungu.

Habaga harimo iyo guhinga, kubaka inzu z’ibwami n’iz’abatware, kurarira ingo zabo, gucana ibishyito, gusenya (gutashya inkwi), kuvoma, gukuka no guheka umwami, umutware cyangwa abana babo.

Uburetwa bivugwa ko bwadutse ku ngoma ya Kigeli IV Rwabugili, abandi bakavuga ko bwazanywe n’Abazungu, cyane ko iryo jambo ngo rikomoka ku giswahile “kuleta”, cyangwa ku gifaransa “l’Etat”.

Hari ibyiciro by’Abanyarwanda byashoboraga kugira uburenganzira bwo gucungura uburetwa, bagatanga amafaranga mu mwanya w’imirimo, aba bakaba bari abakozi ba Leta, abakozi batari ba nyakabyizi bakoreraga amasosiyete cyangwa abazungu.

Hari kandi n’abarimu ba gatigisimu, abanyeshuri bo mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy’amashuri abanza, abantu bakize bafite nibura inka icumi, ndetse n’abajya gupagasa mu mahanga bagata sheferi yabo nibura amezi icyenda mu mwaka.

Imirwanyasuri na yo yakorwaga mu mirimo y’agahato

SHIKU

Mu bwinshi bavugaga “amashiku”, hakaba hari ahantu bahingaga ku gahato imirimo (ibipimo) yagenwe n’ubutegetsi bwa gikoloni, kandi igahingwamo imyaka yemejwe mu rwego rwo kurwanya inzara.

Shiku bisobanura umurimo wo guhinga ku gahato cyane cyane ibijumba n’imyumbati, bikaba bikomoka ku nshinga “gushikura”, aho bahingishaga isuka bakurura n’ingufu ahantu h’umushike.

Shiku kandi ngo yitwaga “akajagari”, bashaka kuvuga urusange rw’imirima yahingwagamo n’abantu benshi, ariko buri muntu akagira igihande cyangwa icyate cye. Icyo gihande cyari icy’umuntu wahingaga atari yasarura, kuko iyo yamaraga gusarura habaga aha susheferi.

UMUGOGORO

Umugogoro wari inka yatangwaga n’umuturage cyangwa umuryango, ikajya gukamirwa umuzungu (ndetse n’abamuherekeje), aho yabaga acumbitse ku nkambi.

Umugogoro byavugaga kandi igikorwa cyo gushyira umuzungu iyo nka ndetse n’ibindi biyiherekeza nk’inkoko, amagi, ibitoki n’ibindi bikomoka ku buhinzi n’ubworozi.

IKAWA

Aba mbere badukanye ikawa mu Rwanda bari Abapadiri bera b’abamisiyoneri bari bakeneye ikawa yo kunywa. Guhera mu mwaka wa 1903 ni bwo abo bapadiri batangije imirimo yo guhinga ikawa mu misiyoni ya Mibirizi mu karere ka Rusizi, nyuma ikawa yagiye ikwirakwira buhoro buhoro mu gihugu hose.

Ikawa y’u Rwanda yatangiye kwamamara cyane ahagana mu myaka ya 1925, aho byabaye itegeko ry’Abakoroni b’Ababiligi ko abaturage bagomba kuyihinga. Guhera mu myaka ya 1933/1934, ni bwo Abanyarwanda batangiye guhinga ikawa ku bwinshi, n’ubwo hari ababikoraga ku bushake buke kubera kutabibonamo inyungu.

UMUSORO

Kuva na mbere y’umwaduko w’Abazungu mu Rwanda hari hasanzweho icyo bitaga ikoro ryaturwaga umwami. Hari ikoro ryitwaga umuheto, aho abaturage batangaga amacumu, imyambi, imitana, imiheto, inkota, intorezo, amayugi, impindu, n’ibindi.

Habagaho ikoro ry’ibikomoka ku buhinzi ryitwaga “urutete” ryatangwaga buri mwaka, aho buri nzu cyangwa umuryango yatangaga ibiribwa bishobora guhunikwa nk’ibishyimbo byumye, amashaza, amasaka n’uburo.

Uretse ikoro ry’umuheto n’urutete, habagaho n’andi moko y’ikoro atavugwa amazina agamije guha umwami ibintu bitandukanye nko gutanga inka (n’iyayo), imishwi y’inkoko, intama n’ikimasa byo kuragura, abavumvu batangaga imitsama, abahigi baturiye ishyamba babazwaga ibijyanye n’umuhigo nk’impu z’ingwe n’inkomo, ababumbyi batangaga ibibindi, inkono, n’ibindi.

Ubwo abakoloni b’Abadage bari bageze mu Rwanda, bigeze mu mwaka wa 1912 batangiye gukoresha ibarura rusange rya mbere ry’abaturage, kugira ngo bamenye ingano y’umusoro buri muturage yajya atanga, ariko intambara ya mbere y’isi (1914-1918) ngo yatumye rihagarara.

Ubwo Ababiligi bari bamaze gusimbura Abadage ni bwo ibyitwaga ikoro byahinduriwe izina byitwa umusoro, aho buri musore cyangwa umugabo muzima yasabwaga amafaranga atatu n’urumiya (3.50 francs), ariko nyuma yaho umusoro wagiye utangwa hakurikijwe ubukungu bwa buri Teritwari.

Uko imyaka ishira umusoro wagiye wiyongera aho muri 1927 wari ugeze ku mafaranga arindwi n’urumiya (7.50 francs) kuri buri musore cyangwa umugabo, mu wa 1930 umusoro wageze ku mafaranga mirongo itatu (30 francs) kuri buri muntu buri mwaka.

UBUHAKE

Ubuhake bwabaga ari amasezerano azwi n’ubwo atari yanditswe, hagati ya shebuja (nyiri inka) n’umugaragu ushaka inka. Umuntu uhatswe yakoreraga shebuja imirimo inyuranye.

Amashyamba y’inturusu menshi yatewe mu gihe cy’ubukoloni

Ubuhake ngo bwari inzira y’umubano n’ubukungu Abanyarwanda bagenderagaho mbere y’umwaduko w’Abazungu, buranakomeza mu gihe cy’Abakoloni, ariko bugenda buhindura isura.

Abanditsi benshi baba Abera cyangwa Abanyarwanda, bagiye bitiranya ubuhake n’icyitwaga “féodalité/feodality” mu Burayi bwo mu binyejana bya 11-14 (Moyen Age), ariko hari n’abandi bavuze ko ubuhake atari kimwe na féodalité.

UBUKONDE

Mu majyaruguru y’igihugu (Rubavu – Nyabihu -Musanze – Burera) nta buhake bwari buhari ariko ngo habagaho ikimeze nka bwo, aho umukungu ufite ahantu hanini yayobokwaga n’abakeneye ubutaka, ibyo bikitwa “ubukonde”.

Umukonde yabaga afite abagererwa bamubereye mu butaka, bakabuhinga ariko bakagira imirimo bamukorera, kandi hakaba umugabane w’imyaka yeze bagomba kumuha.

Igihe cy’ubutegetsi bw’Ababiligi, hari Abanyarwanda boherejwe gutwara muri utwo turere tw’amajyaruguru, ubutaka babuha indi sura y’ubukonde, aho babushyiragamo abantu bishakiye. Bene ubwo bukonde hari ababwise “ubukonde politike”.

Umukecuru witwa Mukamana Felicité wavutse mu mwaka wa 1941, yiyemerera ko ubwo yari afite imyaka nka 15 ngo yahinze shiku, atera inturusu akora n’imirwanyasuri ku misozi itandukanye y’iwabo wa nyinawabo mu Buriza (ni Bweramvura na Rulindo muri iki gihe).

Mukamana yagize ati “Iyo mirimo yose narayikoze, bambwiraga ko ari uguhinga ishiku, ariko n’inturusu n’ikawa narabiteye, ndetse nkora n’imirwanyasuri. Icyo gihe numvaga mu Buriza hatwarwa n’uwitwaga Rwubusisi”.

Ibitabo by’amateka bigaragaza ko iyo mirimo y’agahato yateye benshi guhunga igihugu, kuko kuva mu mwaka wa 1930 Abanyarwanda barenga 50,000 b’abasore n’abagabo basuhukiraga muri Uganda buri mwaka, ku buryo byageze mu mwaka wa 1959 hamaze guhunga abarenga 350,000. Abandi ibihumbi 35 bari baragiye muri Tanganyika ari yo Tanzania y’ubu.

Dr Bitwayiki avuga ko nk’umuganga yahisemo kutazongera gushaka umuganga w’amenyo ahubwo ategura uburyo bwo kubyikorera, nk’uko bigaragara muri iyi Video:

Muri iki kiganiro, Muganga Iyamuremye yagarutse ku ngaruka za GumaMuRugo ku buzima bwo mu mutwe, ariko kandi agaruka no ku buryo abantu bakwiye kwitwara mu rwego rwo kwirinda izo ngaruka.

Bikurikire muri iyi Video:

Mudaheranwa Leonard ni umusaza w’imyaka 69 y’amavuko utuye mu Mudugudu wa Kamugundu, Akagari ka Musya, Umurenge wa Rurenge mu Karere ka Ngoma akaba ari umuhinzi mworozi w’intangarugero.

Avuga ko yorora inka n’ingurube, bakamuha ifumbire y’imborera akoresha mu buhinzi bwe bw’ibigori n’ibinyomoro, nubwo ngo imvaruganda ayikura kuri Koperative y’abahinzi b’ibigori yitwa ‘Subiza’abereye umunyamuryango ndetse akaba no mu buyobozi bwayo. Mu bijyanye no kubona imbuto z’ibyo ahinga, avugo ko akorana na ‘Tubura’ ikorana n’ikigo cy’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi (RAB).

Kigali Today yaganiriye na we ku bijyanye n’ubuhinzi bwe bw’ibinyomoro. Avuga ko ahinga ibinyomoro kuri hegitari eshatu, akaba yaratangiye guhinga ibinyomoro muri Kamena 2019. Umusaruro wa mbere yawubonye muri Kamena 2020, kuko ngo ibinyomoro bitangira kwera nyuma y’umwaka umwe biba bimaze bihinze.

Mu gihe ibinyomoro bye byari bitangiye kwera bwa mbere, ngo yahise abona umukiriya uturuka i Kigali buri cyumweru akamugurira umusaruro we wose, kuko ubu ngo asarura imifuka cumi n’ibiri buri cyumweru kandi buri mufuka uba upima ibiro mirongo inani (80kgs), ni ukuvuga ko mu kwezi asarura ibiro magana icyenda na mirongo itandatu by’ibinyomoro (960Kgs) kandi ubu ngo ikilo kimwe akigurisha ku mafaranga magana atanu na mirongo itanu(550Frw), bivuze ko ku kwezi abona amafaranga asaga miliyoni ebyiri z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda(2M).

Kubera ubwo buhinzi bwe, Mudaheranwa ngo yigeze guhembwa mu Karere atuyemo nk’Umuhinzi w’intangarugero, icyo gihe ngo ahembwa telefoni igezweho we yita ‘touch’. Iyo telefone ngo iramufasha mu bikorwa bye by’ubuhinzi, kuko ngo anahagarariye abandi bahinzi b’ibigori, ubu ngo iyo habaye ikibazo avugisha ushinzwe ubuhinzi(Agronome),cyangwa se n’igihe ‘Agronome’ ataraza agafotora uko ibihingwa bimeze akamwoherereza akoresheje iyo telefoni yahembwe, mbese ngo imufasha gutanga raporo atavunitse.

Muri ubwo buhinzi bwe bw’ibinyomoro, ngo asarura mu bihembwe byose, kuko ubu mu gihembwe cy’ihinga B, arabyufirira cyangwa se kubibagara, nyuma ngo akabitera umuti kugira ngo ururabo n’imiteja biriho bidahunguka, akabisasira ubwo agakomeza gusarura ibiriho byeze gutyo gutyo. Mu gihembwe cy’ihinga ‘C’ ngo azatangira kubyuhira yifashishije imashini ikoresha mazutu.

Muri ubwo buhinzi kandi ngo yahaye abantu babiri akazi gahoraho basimburana ku manywa na nijoro, kugira ngo babicunge ntihagire ababyangiza, hakaba n’abandi 30 bakora buri munsi bataha.Ubu ngo yiteguye kuzakomeza gusarura adahagarara kugeza imyaka itatu ishize, kuko ngo nibwo biba bishaje bikeneye gusimburwa.

Mudaheranwa ati “Ibinyomoro byera igihe cyose kugeza imyaka itatu ishize,icya ngombwa ni uko umuntu abyitaho uko bikwiye.Ibyo ibinyomoro bisaba byose ndabikora, ariko nanjye bikampa ibyo mbisaba.

Nyuma yo kubona uko ubuhinzi bw’ibinyomoro bwungura ubukora kandi ku buryo buhoraho, ubu ngo hari abagore babiri baturanye na Mudaheranwa na bo batangiye guhinga ibinyomoro, kandi na byo ngo bigiye kwera.

Ibinyomoro ntibigirira akamaro ababihinga bifasha mu kwiteza imbere gusa, ahubwo bigira n’akamaro gakomeye mu gutuma abantu babona indyo yuzuye.

Ku rubuga https://www.lifepersona.com, bavuga ko ibinyomoro bigira akamaro gakomeye ku buzima bw’umuntu ubirya.

Mu byiza by’ibinyomoro bivugwa kuri urwo rubuga, harimo kuba ari urubuto rwigiramo ibyitwa ‘antioxidants’ nyinshi nka ‘vitamine C’, ‘β-carotene’, ‘anthocyanins’ na ‘vitamin E’. Ubushakashatsi butandukanye harimo ubwakozwe na Kaminuza yitwa ‘Chalmers University of Technology’ y’ahitwa Gothenburg bwagaragaje ko ibinyomoro byifitemo ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ibintu byitwa ‘free radicals’ bishobora kuba intandaro yo kurwara kanseri zitandukanye.

Ibinyomoro byongera Vitamine A, ndetse na Vitamine B6,iyo ikaba igira akamaro mu gufasha abakobwa cyangwa abagore bababara mu gihe cy’imihango, ikaringaniza urugero rw’isukari mu maraso ku bagore batwite, ikanarinda ko habaho utuntu dusa n’utubuye tujya mu mpyiko zikananirwa gukora neza.

Ibinyomoro kandi byongera ubutare bwa ‘fer’ mu mubiri, bigatuma umuntu abona amaraso ahagije, kuko kuyabura bituma umuntu agira ikibazo cya ‘anemia’ ijyana no gucika intege kw’imikaya ndetse no guhorana umunaniro.

Ibinyomoro kandi bikize no ku butare bwa ‘Magnesium’ bugira uruhare mu buzima bwiza bw’ubwonko n’umutima, ikarinda umuvuduko w’amaraso ukabije, ikarinda n’amaraso kwipfundika. Ikindi kandi ni uko iyi ‘magnesium’ byifitemo yongera ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri, ikanakomeza amenyo n’amagufa.

Ibinyomoro kandi byigiramo ubutare bwa ‘Zinc’ na ‘Potassium’ iyo ikaba igira akamaro mu kugenzura urugero rw’amazi mu maraso.

Ku rubuga https://sante.toutcomment.com, bavuga ko mu byiza by’ingenzi by’ibinyomoro, harimo kuba bigabanya ibinure bibi mu mubiri(cholesterol),kubera ko byifitemo ibyitwa ‘fibres’ bituma ibyo binure bibi bisohoka mu mwanda mu gihe umuntu yituma. Kugira ngo umuntu abone ibyiza bituruka ku binyomoro, ni uko yakirya ku mafunguro ya mu gitondo,kugira ngo gikore umunsi wose,ariko ngo ni ingirakamaro n’igihe cyose umuntu yakirira.

Kuba ibinyomoro bikungahaye kuri Vitamine A,Vitamine C, Calcium, Fer, Phosphore, bituma ari urubuto rwiza, ku bantu bagira ikibazo cyo kubura amaraso ahagije. Vitamine A iboneka mu binyomoro kandi, ifasha umuntu kubona neza, akagira uruhu rwiza, akagira n’imisatsi myiza.

Ibinyomoro bikize kuri ‘fibres’ zituma umuntu yituma neza, zikamurinda impatwe(constipation), ibinyomoro kandi ngo ni urubuto rwiza ku bantu bakunda kugira ikibazo cy’igogora ry’ibiryo rigenda gahoro cyane.

Ibinyomoro kandi ngo ni urubuto rwiza ku bantu barwaye Diyabete, kuko rwigiramo isukari nkeya. Ibinyomoro kandi byigiramo ibyitwa ‘calories’ bikeya cyane, ku buryo ngo ari urubuto rwiza ku bantu, bifuza gutakaza ibiro.

Inkuru bijyanye:

Umusore agiye kwirihira kaminuza kubera ubuhinzi bw’ibinyomoro

Uwihoreye Ibrahim yongerewe Inshingano: Ubu ni we muvugizi wa Musanze FC

Ni umwanzuro wafatiwe mu nama ya Komite ya Musanze FC yateranye ku wa Gatanu tariki ya 28 Mutarama 2020 i Musanze. Urubuga rwa Internet rwa Musanze FC rwanditse ko Ibrahim Uwihoreye yongerewe inshingano zo kuba Umuvugizi wa Musanze FC umwanya yasimbuyeho usanzwe ari Umunyamabanga wa Musanze FC Rutishereka Makuza Jean.

Mu kiganiro Kigali Today yagiranye n’Umuvugizi mushya wa Musanze FC, Beans Uwihoreye Ibrahim, yashimiye Komite y’ikipe icyizere yamugiriye. Yagize ati “Ndashima Komite y’ikipe yangiriye icyizere ndetse nkazagikoresha mu nyungu z’ikipe. Ndizeza abayobozi ba Musanze FC n’abafana ko nzakora inshingano zanjye mu rwego rwo guteza Musanze FC imbere.”

Rutishereka Makuza Jean wari usanzwe ari umuvugizi akaba n’Umunyamabanga yagumanye inshingano zo kuba Umunyamabanga, mu gihe Uwihoreye Ibrahim azakora inshingano zo gukurikirana ubuzima bwa buri munsi bwa Musanze FC no kuba Umuvugizi wayo.

Mu Ntwari z’u Rwanda bitanze bagahara amagara yabo ku nyungu z’Abanyarwanda harimo Fred Gisa Rwigema n’abandi

Umuyobozi ushinzwe ubushakashatsi muri CHENO, Rwaka Nicolas, avuga ko hari gukorwa ubushakashatsi bwenda kugera ku musozo bugamije gushyira bamwe mu bakoze ibikorwa by’indashyikirwa mu rwego rw’Intwari z’Ingenzi, uru rukaba ruzaba rukurikiye urwego rwa kabiri rw’Intwari z’Imena.

Uru rwego rw’Imena rugizwe n’Intwari zatabarutse n’izikiriho zigizwe n’abari abana b’i Nyange banze kwitandukanya hakurikijwe ubwoko, ubwo baterwaga n’abacengezi bakabicamo barindwi mu 1997 i Nyange mu karere ka Ngororero mu ntara y’i Burengerazuba.

N’ubwo ibikorwa by’ubutwari bisaba ko bibaye ngombwa wanahara ubuzima bwawe nk’uko bigaragara ku Ntwari z’Imanzi, aho uri muri urwo rwego agomba kuba yarakoze ibikorwa by’indashyikirwa bikanamwambura ubuzima, kuvuga ubutwari uyu kunsi bisobanurwa mu buryo bwinshi hakurikijwe Indangagaciro za ngombwa ngo umuntu ashyirwe mu rwego runaka rw’Intwari.

Ni ibiki wakora ngo ugirwe Intwari?

Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi byabaye ngombwa ko umuco w’Ubutwari wongera kuvomwa mu bya kera byarangaga ubutwari bw’Abanyarwanda birimo kugira umutima ukomeye kandi ucyeye, uwo mutima ukaba udatinya, udahishira ikibi ahubwo ugishyira hanze.

Ibindi byatumaga umuntu aba Intwari binashingirwaho mu bushakashatsi bwo gushyira umuntu mu rwego rw’Intwari, harimo gukunda Igihugu nk’ikintu cy’Ingenzi cyaranze abakurambere b’Abanyarwanda ibyo bikaza gucika nyuma y’Abakoroni ubwo bacagamo Abanyarwanda ibice bakimakaza amacakubi yagejeje u Rwanda kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Rwaka asobanura ko Intwari z’u Rwanda rwo hambere zakundaga Igihugu zigaharanira ubwenegihugu bumwe bw’Abanyarwanda kandi zikaba zanakwitangira Igihugu ku nyungu za benshi, ku buryo zanahara ubuzima bwazo, urugero ni nk’uko byagendaga ku bitwaga ‘Abacengeri’ bitangaga ngo bicwe n’ababisha, ariko barinde Umwami n’Ingabo ze.

Kugira ukuri no kureba kure n’ubushishozi ni ikindi kintu cy’ingenzi ushaka kuba Intwari yashingiraho, kuko byagaragaye ko abantu benshi bagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi kubera kudashishoza ku ngaruka byateza Abanyarwanda bose, uyu munsi abadashishoza bakaba barangwa no kudashyira mu bikorwa inshingano zabo.

Hari kandi kugira ubwamamare mu butwari kubera ibikorwa bishimwa n’abantu benshi, kuba umunyakuri n’ubupfura, kugira ubumuntu no kubaha buri wese mu mibereho ye na byo biri mu bishingirwaho mu bushakashatsi bugamije kugira abantu Intwari.

Abakora ibikorwa bihebuje bataragirwa Intwari babiherwa impeta z’ishimwe?

Ibyiciro by’Intari uko ari bitatu kugeza ubu ni Imanzi, Imena n’Ingenzi, aba ba gatatu bo bakaba bataratangira gushyirwamo kuko bagikorwaho ubushakashatsi ariko hari n’izindi Mpeta bashobora guhabwa zigaragaza ibikorwa byabo by’indashyikirwa.

Izo ni nk’Impeta yo kubohora Igihugu yitwa Uruti, Impeta yo kurwanya Jenoside yitwa Umurinzi, Impeta y’icyubahiro ihabwa abakuru b’Ibihugu n’abayobozi bakuru muri Guverinoma yitwa Agaciro, Impeta y’ubucuti yitwa Igihango, Impeta y’umurimo yitwa Indashyikirwa, iyi ikaba ari nshya kuko itari isanzweho.

Hari kandi izindi Mpeta zihabwa abakoze ibikorwa by’Indashyikirwa zirimo Impeta y’Umuco yitwa Indangamirwa, hagaheruka impeta ya karindwi yitwa Ubwitange, ibyo byose ngo bikaba bigamije gushimira umuntu wakoze ibikorwa byiza atabaye Intwari.

Abana b’i Nyange

Ubutwari bufite uruhare runini mu Bumwe n’Ubwiyunge bw’Abanyarwanda.

Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Intwari Imidari n’Impeta by’Ishimwe, rutangaza ko Ubutwari bufite uruhare runini mu Bumwe n’Ubwiyunge kuko Igihango gihuza Abanyarwanda ari kimwe mu biranga Intwari.

Rwaka avuga ko ashingiye ku Ndangagaciro z’Ubutwari, ntawe waba Intwari adaharanira Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge.

Agira ati, “Ntawe waba Intwari atubahiriza Igihango Abanyarwanda bafitanye, utazi neza ko Abanyarwanda bakwiye kuba bafatanya, bunga ubumwe bakorana neza ntabwo yaba Intwari. Niba Intwari igomba kurangwa no gukunda Igihugu, nta muntu waba Intwari adaharanira Ubumwe bw’abenegihugu”.

Yongeraho ati, “Nta muntu waba akunda Igihugu adaharanira iterambere ryacyo, nshingiye ku ndangagaciro yo kuba intangarugero, nta muntu waba Intwari adaharanira gushyira hamwe no gufatanya kw’Abanyarwanda. Mu gihe indangagaciro yo kugira ubupfura no kugira ubumuntu ari ikintu cy’ingenzi cyane ku isi, ibyo kandi bigirwa n’umuntu uharanira Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge”.

Intwari z’Imena zivuga iki ku butwari bukenewe uyu munsi

Nyuma y’uko ibyiciro bitandukanye by’Abanyarwanda bigaragayemo umuco w’Ubutwari kandi bikagira uruhare mu kubaka Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda by’umwihariko ababyiruka, Intwari z’Imena zisanga ubutwari bukwiye gushingira ku gukunda umurimo no kuwuhesha agaciro kugira ngo iterambere ry’Igihugu rirusheho kwihuta.

Umuyobozi w’Ishyirahamwe ry’Intwari z’Imena, Phanuel Sindayiheba, avuga ko urubyiruko rw’uyu munsi rukwiye kurangwa no gukura amaboko mu mifuka rugakora kuko ntawe wakunda Igihugu cye atagikorera kandi gukorera Igihugu bitari iby’umuntu ku giti cye ahubwo bisaba ubufatanye, kandi ntawe waba Intwari adakorera Igihugu.

Ati, “Kugira ngo ejo tuzabone Intwari zibereye Igihugu koko, ni uko urubyiruko rwacu rusigaye rukura rwanga gukora rukwiye kwikosora rukisubiraho kuko bikomeje gutyo byaba binyuranyije n’umuco w’Ubutwari. Ababyeyi bakwiye kuba maso bagatoza abana umurimo bagakura bashishikajwe no gukorera Igihugu, ni wo murage mwiza urubyiruko rukwiye kandi ubwo ni ubutwari”.

Teodette Abayisenga ni umwe mu Ntwari z’Imena uhamya ko mu 1997 ubwo abacengizi babateraga aho bigaga i Nyange, byari bikomeye kwiyemeza gushyira hamwe no kwanga kwibona mu ndorerwamo y’amoko basabwa kwitandukanya.

Avuga ko kuba abari bato icyo gihe biga mu mashuri yisumbuye barabigezeho, byatewe no gukundana hagati yabo bagamije kubaka Umunyarwanda uzira amacakubiri, ibyo bikaba bikwiye kubera abandi bose isomo rikomeye kuko u Rwanda ruzubakwa n’amaboko y’abana barwo ntawe usigaye.

Agira ati, “Iriya mbuto twayigezeho kuko twirinze ko umwe muri twe yashaka gukiza amagara ye kuko n’ubundi icyahungabanyije Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda ni amoko. Twarabishoboye kandi iyo abantu bishyize hamwe bigaragara ko byubaka kuko Jenoside ntawayungukiyemo”.

Nyange ubu yagizwe Igicumbi cy’Intwari z’Imena imariye iki abahiga?

I Nyange hashyizwe ikimenyetso cy’ubutwari bwaranze abana bahigaga kiri mu ishusho yo gufatana mu biganza nko kunga ubumwe no kwanga kwitandukanya

Ubuyobozi bw’ishuri rya Nyange aho Intwari z’Imena zigaga bugaragaza ko kuba ikigo cyarashyizweho uburyo bwo gusigasira amateka y’ubutwari biri mu bifasha abanyeshuri bahiga gutozwa hakiri kare umuco w’ubutwari.

Abanyeshuri kandi bashinze Ihuriro ry’Ubutwari bahuriramo bakaganira ku mateka yaranze Abanyarwanda kandi bemeza ko ibyo baganira bizatuma barushaho gutora umuco w’Ubutwari, kuko bazi neza ko guharanira Ubunyarwanda ari kimwe mu bizatuma barushaho kubaka Igihugu cyiza kibabereye.

Bimwe mu bikorwa by’Ihuriro ry’Ubutwari bashinze harimo gufasha abatishoboye baturiye ishuri bigaho, gutanga no kungurana ibitekerezo kuri ‘Ndi Umunyarwanda’ no gufashanya mu masomo ku ishuri.

Abanyeshuri bavuga ko ahari ubumwe abantu babasha kubana mu mahoro bityo bakubaka igihugu cyiza, kuko kubaka ubumwe bituma uwo muri kumwe wamwitangira kabone n’iyo wahasiga ubuzima.

Rwaka avuga ko hari impeta zihabwa abataraba Intwari ariko bakoze ibikorwa bihebuje

Menya uko wakwita mu mitako wambara

Nk’uko umubiri ugirirwa isuku ni kimwe n’uko ibiwujyaho byose byo kuwutaka bigomba kwitabwaho kugira ngo bidateza uburwayi cyangwa ibindi bibazo.

Akenshi ibyitabwaho mu isuku yo ku mubiri ni umubiri ubwawo n’imyenda, ariko ibindi umuntu yambara ntabyiteho cyane, nyamara yaba isaha, umukufi, amaherena n’inindi na byo bikenera isuku yihariye kuko bijya ku mubiri.

Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kwita ku byo wambara nko kuba utagomba kubihoza ku mubiri, kuko nyuma y’igihe runaka birangirika cyangwa se bigatera ikibazo uruhu rwawe.

Ubu ni bumwe mu buryo wakwita ku mitako ushyira ku ruhu rwawe kugira ngo ihore imeze neza kandi irambe.

1. Kuyirinda ibinyabutabire birimo isabune

Ku ruhu isabune ifasha kugira isuku ariko kuri iyo mitako (jewellery) akenshi usanga bikoze mu byuma butandukanye, hari ibyo isabune yica. Natasha Mulder ukora imikufi mu mabuye y’agaciro avuga ko biba byiza iyo ugiye gukaraba ukoresheje isabune, wabanza gukurano impeta n’ibindi mu rwego rwo kubirinda,

2. Kurinda imitako izuba

Izuba ryinshi ryangiza uruhu nk’uko ryangiza imitako yawe. Rishobora gutuma amabuye y’agaciro ayigize ahindura ibara cyangwe akangirika mbere y’igihe. Uburyo bwiza bwo kubirinda ni ukubibika ahantu hatagera iziba nko mu gasanduku gafungika katageraho izuba mu gihe utayambaye.

3. Guhanagura n’agatambaro gafite isuku

Guhanagura imitako wambara buri uko ubishoboye bituma iguma ibengerana, isa neza by’igihe kinini. Guhanaguza agatambaro gasa neza ni byiza ariko mu gihe bishobotse wayijyana aho bayihanagura uko byabugenewe nk’aho bayigurishiriza (bijouterie).

Udutambaro tw’isuku dukoze mu bipapuro, Natasha Mulder avuga ko twangiza iyo mitako ahubwo ngo ibyaba byiza ni ugukoresha agatamboro kariho ‘alcohol’ na none ukirinda isabune y’amazi.

4. Kwita ku bubiko

Burya si byiza gukuramo isaha, umukufi, amaherena cyangwa se impeta ugahita ushyira hejuru y’akabati cyangwa se ahandi utabyitayeho. Iyo bituma byangirika cyangwa se hakazaho imirongo (scratches) cyane cyane ku mabuye y’agaciro.

Uko wabika neza imitako yawe kugira ngo itangirika

Ku maherena iyo ari mato kandi menshi ashobora kubura byoroshye, ibyiza ku isaha wayishyira mu ikarito yaguriwemo, imikufi ikamanikwa naho amaherena ukayashyira mu kabati kayo yonyine.

Hari imitako igomba kurindwa isabune

Byatwikiwe mu Karere ka Gasabo mu Murenge wa Nduba ahasanzwe hakusanyirizwa imyanda iva mu Mujyi wa Kigali ku wa Gatanu tariki ya 29 Mutarama.

Ibi biyobyabwenge byagiye bifatirwa mu bikorwa bya Polisi mu 2019 na 2020, byafatiwe mu turere twa Kicukiro na Nyarugenge.

Ubwo hatwikwaga ibi biyobyabwenge Umuvugizi wa Polisi wungirije, CSP Africa Sendahangarwa Apollo, yavuze ko gufatwa kw’ibi biyobyabwenge ndetse n’ababikwirakwizaga byagizwemo uruhare n’abaturage biturutse ku gutangira amakuru ku gihe.

Ati “Kugira ngo dufate ibi biyoyabwenge n’ababikwirakwiza habamo ubufantanye n’abaturage, abayobozi mu nzego z’ibanze ndetse n’izindi nzego z’umutekano. Ni muri urwo rwego kuva mu 2019 kugeza 2020 twafashe ariya moko atatu y’ibiyobyabwenge (Mugo, urumogi na kanyanga), byafatiwe hano mu Mujyi wa Kigali.”

CSP Sendahangarwa yakomeje akangurira abantu gukomeza gutanga amakuru kandi bakayatangira ku gihe kugira ngo hakomeze kurwanywa ibiyobyabwenge.

Yavuze ko biriya biyobyabwenge byose biva mu bihugu bihana imbibi n’u Rwanda ariko cyane cyane urumogi ruturuka muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo kuko ababyinjiza mu Rwanda bakunda kwambukira mu Karere ka Rubavu. Naho ikiyobyabwenge cya Kanyanga cyo gikunze kwinjizwa mu Rwanda kivuye muri Uganda.

Umuvugizi wa Polisi wungirije yakomeje agaragaza ko biriya biyobyabwenge byagiye bifatirwamo abantu b’urubyiruko.

Yasabye abaturage cyane cyane urubyiruko kwirinda gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge kuko bigira ingaruka ku buzima bw’ubikoresha ndetse kikaba ari icyaha gihanwa n’amategeko.

Ati “Nta kiza kiba mu biyobyabwenge, byangiza ubuzima bw’abantu, bitera ubukene ababikoresha, ababikoresheje bibatera gukora ibyaha bitandukanye bagafatwa bagafungwa. Usibye n’ibyo kandi kwishora mu biyobyabwenge uko wabikora kose ni icyaha gihanwa n’amategeko ubifatiwemo arafungwa.”

Iteka rya minisitiri nº 001/moh/2019 ryo ku wa 04/03/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byabyo rishyira ikiyobyabwenge cya Mugo n’urumogi mu biyobyabwenge bihambaye.

Itegeko nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 263 ivuga ko Umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 FRW) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye.

Ni mu gihe iteka rya minisitiri nº 001/moh/2019 ryo ku wa 04/03/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byabyo rishyira ikiyobyabwenge cya Kanyanga mu biyobyabwenge byoroheje.

Itegeko nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 263 ivuga ko umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu Gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka irindwi (7) ariko kitarenze imyaka icumi (10) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 FRW) ariko atageze kuri miliyoni icumi (10.000.000 FRW).

Parike y’urwego rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ivuga ko hari amadosiye 210 y’abantu bagaragaye mu byaha bijyanye na biriya biyobyabwenge byafashwe kuva mu mwaka wa 2019 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2020.

Muri ariya madosiye 210, harimo 53 ari muri parike yo mu rwego rw’ibanze rwa Nyarugenge. Abenshi mu bantu bari muri ziriya dosiye bakatiwe n’inkiko barimo kurangiza ibihano byabo abandi baracyaburana.

Ibiyobyabwenge byatwitswe byafashwe mu bihe bitandukanye mu Mujyi wa Kigali

Ni ubushakashatsi ngarukamwaka TI-RW ikora igamije kureba uko ruswa ihagaze mu Rwanda (Rwanda Bribery Index, RBI), ubwa 2020 ikaba yarabutangaje ku mugaragaro ku wa 28 Mutarama 2020, hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga.

Ubu bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko mu nzego z’ibanze ruswa yazamutse cyane, kuko yavuye ku kigero cya 2,51% mu 2019, igera kuri 4,90% mu 2020, bikaba byaratumye zigera ku mwanya wa gatanu mu nzego zirangwamo ruswa kurusha izindi.

N’ubwo inzego z’ibanze zaje ku mwanya wa gatanu nyuma y’izindi nka Polisi Ishami ryo mu muhanda, abikorera, RIB na WASAC; imibare yavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi yagaragaje ko ari zo zakiriye amafaranga menshi ya ruswa, kuko mu mafaranga ya ruswa yose yatanzwe umwaka ushize, 74,37% yakiriwe n’inzego z’ibanze.

Iyi raporo igaragaza ko mu 2020 hatanzwe amafaranga ya ruswa agera kuri 19.213.188 Frw, muri ayo agera kuri 14.288.500 Frw ahwanye na 74,37% yakiriwe n’inzego z’ibanze, akaba ari zo ziza ku isonga mu kwakira amafaranga menshi ya ruswa mu mwaka ushize wa 2020.

Ubwo yasobanuraga iby’ubu bushakashatsi kuri Radio 10, Umuyobozi wa TI-RW, Ingabire Marie Immaculée, yavuze ko impamvu y’izamuka rya ruswa mu nzego z’ibanze, ahanini byatewe n’uko mu bihe by’icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyageze mu Rwanda muri Werurwe 2020, inzego z’ibanze ari zo zari nyambere mu gukurikirana iyubahirizwa ry’amabwiriza, hakaba rero hari aho byatumye bamwe babyitwaza bakarya ruswa.

Yagize ati “Ubu gukingira ikibaba ububari bugafungura bwitwa restaurant kandi ari ububari, gukingira ikibaba amabutike muri quartier agakomeza akora kandi amasaha yo gufunga yageze, guha abantu impushya zo gukora iki n’iki cyangwa kujya aha n’aha, niho cyane cyane ubu yazamukiye.”

Yakomeje avuga ko abo bose, ari abahindura restaurant utubari, abakora amasaha yarenze, baba barahaye ruswa abayobozi mu nzego z’ibanze bakaba babizi ariko bakabakingira ikibaba.

Gusa ngo hari n’ubwo baza “bagashobora kukwiyenzaho, utabaha akantu bakagufungira, kubera y’uko bagushinja ngo uracuruza inzoga, kandi wenda ari nta nazo cyangwa zinahari ariko abantu baza bakazigura bakazijyana batazinywereye aho”.

Uretse kandi ibyo bigendanye n’amabwiriza yo kwirinda COVID-19, mu nzego z’ibanze hakunze kugaragara ruswa cyane muri serivisi zitandukanye, cyane cyane mu gutanga ibyangombwa by’ubutaka, Girinka, n’ibindi.

Ubu bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko zimwe mu mpamvu abantu bagaragaje nk’izatumye batanga ruswa, ku isonga haza gushaka ko serivisi basabaga zihutishwa, hari kandi kuba bwari bwo buryo bwonyine bashobora kubonamo izo serivisi, gushaka kubona serivisi batemerewe n’amategeko, kwirinda kugirana ibibazo n’abayobozi ndetse no kudashaka kwishyura ikiguzi cyose cya serivisi.

Ikindi cyagaragajwe nk’imbogamizi muri ubu bushakashatsi gishobora gutuma na ruswa ikomeza kwiyongera, ni uko abantu badakunda gutanga amakuru kuri ruswa, kuko 88,1% ntibigeze batanga amakuru kuri ruswa, bavuye kuri 86,8% mu 2019.

Zimwe mu mpamvu zitangwa zituma abantu badakangukira gutanga amakuru kuri ruswa, harimo kumva bitari ngombwa, kwanga kwiteranya n’abayobozi, kutamenya aho batanga amakuru, cyangwa kumva ko abo baha amakuru nabo barya ruswa n’ibindi.

Ingabire yavuze ko kugira ngo iki kibazo cya ruswa ikomeza kuzamuka mu nzego zimwe na zimwe gikemuke, hakwiye gushyirwaho ingamba zo kutihanganira uwashyizwe mu majwi kubera ruswa.

Ati “Habayeho ikintu cyo gukurikirana imikorere y’abantu, niba umuntu umwe muri serivisi cyangwa se babiri abantu babashyira mu majwi, kuko biba byavuzwe, baranabikubwira ngo ni kanaka ugiye kureba? Urabe ufite akantu witwaje, noneho umukoresha we ntamukurikirane, erega no kuba binugwanugwa biba bihagije ngo umuvane muri uwo mwanya, wenda ntumwirukane ariko umuhe akandi kazi gatuma ntaho ahurira n’abaturage.”

Umuyobozi wa TI-RW kandi yavuze ko hakwiye kwimakazwa cyane uburyo bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga muri serivisi nyinshi zishoboka, kuko byagaragaye ko ahagiye hakoreshwa ikoranabuhanga abantu ntibahure cyane byatumye ruswa igabanuka, yongeye gusaba n’abaturage kwihutira gutanga amakuru mu gihe cyose basabwe ruswa, bakagira uruhare mu kuyirwanya kuko na yo ari icyorezo.

Kuva COVID-19 yagera mu Rwanda, ruswa mu nzego z’ibanze yariyongereye cyane