Tag: featured

  • Musanze: Inkuba yakubise abantu icumi umwe ahita apfa –

    Mu mvura yaguye ku gicamunsi nibwo inkuba yakubise abantu 10 bakoraga muri Kompanyi yitwa Design company group Ltd yubaka Bubakaga ikigo Ellen Degeneres Campus mu Mudugudu wa Rugi Akagari ka Kampanga mu Murenge wa Kinigi mu Karere ka Musanze.

    Umuntu umwe witwa Gahizi Jules w’imyaka 25 yahise yitaba Imana abandi 9 barakomereka, baranahungabana.

    Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge wa Kinigi, Twagirimana Innocent yemeje aya makuru, avuga ko usibye umwe yahitanye abandi bajyanywe mu Bitaro bya Ruhengeri, ndetse abenshi bamaze gusezererwa.

    Yagize ati ” Nibyo inkuba yabakubise umwe yapfuye ageze kwa muganga, abandi bari bakomeretse, ubu bamwe basezerewe ku buryo hasigayemo babiri gusa bahungabanye kandi nabo biraza kugenda neza basezererwe”.

    Mu cyumweru gishize nibwo undi muntu wo mu Murenge wa Busogo yakubiswe n’inkuba iramuhitana.

    Mu bihe by’imvura abaturage basabwa kwitwararika birinda kugama munsi y’igiti kiri cyonyine, kwirinda kugama ahantu hari iminara ya telefoni rusange, ku misozi hejuru, kuko ibyo byose byagira uruhare mu gukubitwa n’inkuba.

    Basabwa kandi kwirinda gukorakora no gutwara ibintu bizwiho gutwara umuriro vuba, ni ukuvuga ibyuma binyuranye nk’amakanya, umutaka, ferabeto, n’ibindi mu gihe ibyo byuma bisumba umutwe w’ubitwaye.

    Abaturage basabwa kwitwararika ibintu byose bishobora gutuma bakubitwa n’inkuba

  • Kayonza: Umugore w’imyaka 29 yasigiye umugabo ibaruwa irimo amagambo akomeye mbere yo kwiyahura –

    Byabaye ku mugoroba wo kuri uyu wa Kabiri tariki ya 4 Gicurasi 2021 mu Mudugudu wa Nyamiyaga mu Kagari ka Kahi mu Murenge wa Gahini mu Karere ka Kayonza.

    Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umusigire w’Umurenge wa Gahini Ruremire Augustin, yabwiye IGIHE ko amakuru yo kwiyahura k’uyu mugore yamenyekanye mu ijoro ubwo byavugwaga n’umugabo we.

    Yagize ati “ Ni umugore ufite imyaka 29 ahagana saa Moya nibwo yasanzwe mu nzu iwe yimanitse mu mugozi, yabonywe n’umugabo we ubwo yari atashye, gusa uwo mugore birakekwa ko yari afite uburwayi bwo mu mutwe kuko yari amaze iminsi yivuriza i Ndera ”

    Uyu muyobozi yavuze ko mu makuru bakuye mu baturage avuga ko uyu mugore yasize yandikiye umugabo we urwandiko amusaba ko akomeza kwihangana ku bw’agahinda amusigiye, ngo yamubwiye ko yiyahuye “ku bwo kurambirwa guhora arwaye adakira” agasanga ari ugukomeza kumugora kandi atazakira.

    Kuri ubu umurambo wa Nyakwigendera wajyanywe ku bitaro bya Gahini kugira ngo ukorerwe isuzuma mbere yo gushyingurwa.

    Yasize umugabo n’umwana umwe w’umukobwa wari ukiri muto, Urwego rw’Ubugenzacyaha RIB na Polisi bahise batwara ibaruwa yasize yandikiye umugabo we ndetse banatangira iperereza.


  • Abaganga ba King Faisal bahaye ubuvuzi bwisumbuye abarokotse Jenoside batishoboye –

    Iyi gahunda yakozwe ku bufatanye n’Umuryango AVEGA Agahozo uharanira inyungu z’abapfazi, ikigega gifasha abarokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, FARG, Ikigo cy’Ubwiteganyirize mu Rwanda, RSSB ndetse n’Intara y’Uburengerazuba.

    Ni igikorwa cyamaze iminsi itatu kuva tariki 29 Mata kugeza iya Mbere Gicurasi, aho aba baganga b’inzobere bavuye mu bitaro basanzwe bakoreramo bakajya i Rwamagana kuvura abarwayi barenga 600 bari bafite uburwayi bukomeye.

    Umwe mu barwayi baganiriye na IGIHE akaba n’umugenerwabikorwa wa AVEGA, Gashayija Charles, ufite imyaka 66 wari ufite ikibyimba amaranye igihe kinini yavuze ko yishimiye cyane ubuvuzi yahawe.

    Ati “Nari mfite uburwayi maranye imyaka igera kuri 30. Naje nje kwisuzumisha ku bitaro bya Rwamagana, bambwira ko hari abaganga bari buze baturutse ku bitaro bya Faisal, none ubu barambaze ndumva meze neza, ndumva nza gukira […] Nari nziko ko rwose ntazavurwa ngo nkire, ariko ubu mfite icyizere.”

    Inzobere mu kuvura indwara z’abana wari uhagarariye Umuyobozi wa King Faisal, Dr Ngambe Tharcisse, yavuze ko ibi bitaro byafashe umwanzuro wo gusanga abarwayi aho bari, kubera ko abenshi bajya kuhagera bigoranye, banyuze mu bitaro byinshi, rimwe na rimwe bakahagera barembye cyane cyangwa uburwayi bwarakomeye.

    Avuga impamvu bakoze iki gikorwa mu gihe cyo kwibuka yagize ati “Mu gihe cyo kwibuka mbere ya Covid-19 twajyaga dusura inzibutso, tugasura abacitse ku icumu ariko ubu kubera ko Kwibuka bitakiri nka mbere kubera Coronavirus […] twaravuze tuti rero kwibuka kwiza ni ukugenda tukongerera icyizere cy’ubuzima abatishoboye, tubasanga aho bari, tubasuzuma tunabavurira aho bari.”

    Ukuriye abaganga bibumbiye mu muryango w’abaganga b’abakorerabushake, MVO, Dr Byiringiro Jean Paul, akaba inzobere mu kuvura indwara z’abagore n’abakobwa muri King Faisal, yavuze ko gusanga abaturage aho bari bakababaha ubuvuzi bwisumbuye ari igikorwa uyu muryango wiyemeje, ndetse ubu ari inshuro ya kabiri nyuma yo guha ubuvuzi abo mu bitaro bya Nyamata.

    Yakomeje agira ati “Iki ni igikorwa gikomeza uyu muryango ukora, tuzajya no mu bindi bice by’igihugu, uko abanyamuryango bazagenda biyongera tuzageraho tujye twigabanya no mu matsinda, bamwe bajye mu gace kamwe abandi bajye mu kandi kugira ngo abanyarwanda bose babashe kugera kuri bwa buvuzi bwisumbuye.”

    Uwari uhagarariye AVEGA akaba yungirije umuyobozi mukuru wayo, Mujawayezu Saveline, yavuze ko yishimiye cyane ubu buvuzi aba baganga bahaye abanyamuryango ba AVEGA.

    Ati “Aba baganga bahamaze iminsi itatu bita ku bibazo by’abanyamuryango n’abacitse ku icumu muri rusange […] mu minsi itatu twamaramye, abapfakazi bacu, abacitse ku icumu benshi bagiye banezerewe bishimye.”

    Iki gikorwa cy’indashyikirwa abaganga ba King Faisal n’abibumbiye mu muryango MVO bakoze cyishimiwe na benshi harimo abavuwe n’abayobozi mu nzego zitandukanye baharanira inyungu z’abaturage.

    Ni igikorwa cyashojwe no kwibuka inzirakarengane zazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Mata 1994, hashyirwa indabo ku mva zishyinguyemo imibiri yabo ku rwibutso rwa Rwamagana.

    Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ibitaro bya Kinga Faisal , Prof. Miliard Derbew, ari kumwe n’abandi baganga bavura umurwayi mu bitaro bya Rwamagana

    Mujawamariya Saverine wari uhagararariye Umuyobozi Mukuru wa AVEGA yavuze ko bishimiye iki gikorwa bakorewe

    Ni igikorwa cyasojwe no kwibuka inzirakarengane zazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 zishyinguye mu rwibutso bya Rwamagana

    Abaganga n’abanyamuryango ba AVEGA bashyira indabo ku mva zishyinguyemo abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

    Abaganga bibumbiye mu muryango udaharanira inyungu MVO biyemeje gutanga ubuvuzi bwisumbuye hirya no hino mu Rwanda

    Abanyamuryango ba AVEGA bari mu bahawe ubuvuzi bwisumbuye

    Abarenga 600 nibo bavuwe n’abaganga ba King Faisal n’abibumbiye mu muryango MVO mu minsi itatu gusa

    Abavuriwe mu bitaro bya Rwamagana bari bavuye mu turere turindwi tugize Intara y’Uburasirazuba

  • Abarimu bagiye gushyirirwaho isoko rizabafasha guhindura imibereho –

    Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe uburezi bw’Ibanze mu Rwanda REB, Dr Nelson Mbarushimana, mu kiganiro na IGIHE yavuze ko hagiye gushyirwaho isoko rizorohereza abarimu mu mibereho yabo ya buri munsi bityo nabo bakarushaho no gutanga umusaruro.

    Yagize ati “Ni ibintu turi gutegura kandi niteguye kubishyiramo imbaraga, kugira ngo byibura abarimu nk’uko nabivuze ko aribo bangombwa bigende neza. Icyo gitekerezo nasanze gihari ariko ni ugukoresha uko dushoboye kugira ngo bishyirwe mu bikorwa vuba bishoboka no kuganira n’inzego zirimo na Minisiteri n’izindi zidufasha gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda y’uburezi kugira ngo byihutishwe.”

    Yavuze ko hakenewe mwarimu ufite ubuzima bwiza kugira ngo n’umusaruro akeneweho urusheho kwiyongera.

    Ati “Twifuza ko twagira umwarimu wigisha akunze umwuga we anawuratira n’abandi. Umuntu wese iyo utumye akora yishimye akora neza. Kuba babona iri guriro, inzu n’inguzanyo zabafasha kwiteza imbere nzabishyiramo imbaraga cyane ko hano dufite n’ishami rishinzwe abarimu. Urumva tugomba gukora ubuvugizi kugira ngo icyo kintu gikorwe kandi tuzabyitaho.”

    Dr Mbarushimana yashimangiye ko bifuza ko byashyirwamo imbaraga ndetse bikanihutishwa ku buryo bitarenze mu 2024 bizaba byaratanze umusaruro n’impinduka zigaragara.

    Ku ruhande rw’abarimu mu bice bitandukanye bavuga ko bashyiriweho isoko ryabo nk’uko babibona nko ku basirikare n’abapolisi byaborohereza imibereho ndetse bikanabatera imbaraga no kurushaho gutanga umusaruro.

    Banyanga Evariste yigisha mu Karere ka Rusizi mu Ntara y’Uburengerazuba amaze imyaka 24 mu mwuga, yabwiye IGIHE ko urebye ubuzima mwarimu abayemo isoko ryhariye ryakemura byinshi.

    Ati “Mpereye ku byo mbona ku yandi masoko nk’ay’abapolisi byatuma tubaho mu buzima bwiza. Umushahara rero ntiwafatikaga kandi icyo kintu kije twacyakira neza kandi cyaba ari igisubizo kuri njye. Byatuma tubasha no kwizigamira ku buryo bworoshye. Ni ibintu twifuza cyane ahubwo iyaba na none byari bitangiye. ”

    Undi mwarimu wagize icyo avuga kuri iyi gahunda yigisha mu Karare ka Nyaruguru abimazemo imyaka umunani, Majyambere Alexis, yavuze ko kuri we biramutse bishyizwe mu bikorwa byafasha umwarimu gutanga umusaruro kuko ataba acyicira isazi mu maso ariko agasanga mu gushyirwaho bikwiye ko hazagenderwa ku mushahara fatizo wa mwarimu.

    Ati “Iyo urebye ibiciro ku isoko no ku mushahara wa mwarimu, wabona mwarimu yarahazahariye. Icyo byamufasha byo ni byinshi ariko mu gihe iyo gahunda yaza igendeye ku mushahara wa mwarimu, naho ishobora kuza yitwa iryo zina ariko wareba ibiciro ku isoko ugasanga n’ubundi ntacyo bimumariye. Icyiza ni uko yaza igendeye ku mushahara fatizo wa mwarimu.”

    Umwarimu wigisha mu kigo cy’amashuri giherereye mu Majyaruguru y’u Rwanda amaze imyaka itanu akora uwo murimo, Manariyo Bernard, yavuze ko gushyiraho isoko ry’abarimu byagabanya amadeni mwarimu afata ya hato na hato mu gihe ategereje ko ahembwa, bikagabanya guhendwa ku isoko ndetse bikagabanya ko abantu bahura n’ubuzima butari bwiza kandi byitwa ko bari mu kazi.

    Kugeza ubu mu Rwanda umwarimu wigisha mu mashuri yisumbuye afite impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya Kabiri cya Kaminuza ahembwa 160000 Frw, ufite icyiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza ahembwa 125000 Frw naho uwigisha mu mashuri abanza ahabwa 53 000 Frw ariko ashobora kongezwa bitewe n’igihe amaze mu mwuga.

    Abarimu bo mu bice bitandukanuye bavuga ko gahunda y’isko ryabo ishyizwemo imbaraga igatangizwa vuba byatanga umusaruro

  • Ishoramari ryanditswe n’u Rwanda mu 2020 ryageze kuri miliyari 1.3$ –

    Igabanuka ry’iri shoramari ryatewe n’ingaruka z’icyorezo cya Covid-19 cyayogoje ubucuruzi ku rwego rw’Isi, kuko mbere yacyo kuva mu mwaka wa 2016, iri shoramari ryavuye kuri miliyari 1,18$, rigera kuri miliyari 1,67$ mu 2017, ziba miliyari 2,01$ muri 2018 ndetse riba miliyari 2,46$.

    N’ubwo ishoramari ryagabanutse mu 2020, imirimo izaturuka muri iryo shoramari ingana na 24 703, mu gihe ubucuruzi bwanditswe bungana na 46.533.

    Arenga miliyoni 654$ muri iri shoramari yashowe mu mishinga itandatu ya mbere arimo umushinga wa One Acre Fund washowemo miliyoni 193$, ari nawo wa mbere wakiriye ishoramari ryinshi mu mwaka ushize.

    Umushinga wa kabiri ni uw’Ikigo cya BBOXX wa miliyoni 193$, mu gihe ku mwanya wa gatatu hari umushinga wa Excellence Breweries watwaye miliyoni 74$, umushinga wa Duval Great Lakes wa miliyoni 69$, naho uwa Sinohydro Corporation Ltd waje ku mwanya wa gatanu n’ishoramari rya miliyoni 65$.

    Muri rusange, Umugabane wa Aziya niwo winjije mu gihugu ishoramari ryinshi, kuko ryari miliyoni 341,5$, bingana na 26,2% by’ishoramari ryose ryakozwe mu mwaka wa 2020. Iri shoramari rya Aziya rizajya mu mishinga 43.

    U Burayi bwakurikiyeho n’ishoramari rya miliyoni 247,7$, ringana na 19% by’ishoramari ryose muri rusange, rikazashorwa mu mishinga 25.

    Amerika ya Ruguru yashoye mu Rwanda ishoramari ringana na miliyoni 212$, ringana na 16,3% by’iryakozwe byose, rikazashyirwa mu mishinga 10.

    Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati bwashoye miliyoni 91,4$ ryashyizwe mu mishinga 12 mu gihe Afurika yanditse ishoramari rya 54,1$ rigenewe imishinga 21.

    Ishoramari ryanditswe riturutse mu Rwanda imbere ringana na miliyoni 354,6$ rizashorwa mu mishinga 71, ingana na 27,2% akaba ari naryo ryinshi ryanditswe na RDB.

    Mu bihugu by’amahanga, u Bushinwa nicyo gihugu cyandikishije mu Rwanda ishoramari rinini, ringana na miliyoni 282$, rikurikirwa n’iryanditswe riturutse muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ringana na miliyoni 205$.

    U Bwongereza bwashoye miliyoni 28,5$, u Buhinde bushora miliyoni 22,7$, mu gihe Misiri yanditse ishoramari rya miliyoni 17,7$, ikaza ku mwanya wa gatanu.

    Ikigo cya BBOXX kiri mu byashoye amafaranga menshi mu mwaka wa 2020

    Ishoramari rya Duval Great Lakes Ltd ry’inyubako zigezweho ziteganyijwe ku Kimihurura, rifite agaciro ka miliyoni 69$

    Ibyoherejwe mu mahanga bifite isoko rinini mu Barabu

    Mu 2020, u Rwanda rwohereje mu mahanga ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro ka miliyari ya 1,2$, aho 71.7% by’ibyo bicuruzwa byoherejwe muri Aziya, bifite agaciro ka miliyoni 785,5$.

    Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati buza ku mwanya wa kabiri na miliyoni 735.6$, aho ibicuruzwa 67,2% by’ibyo u Rwanda rwohereje mu mahanga byagiye muri ako gace.

    Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abarabu niryo soko rinini ry’umusaruro w’u Rwanda kuko ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro ka miliyoni 667,7$ bingana na 61% by’umusaruro wose wacurujwe mu mahanga, werekeje muri icyo gihugu.

    Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo yaje ku mwanya wa kabiri mu kwakira umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa by’u Rwanda, kuko iki gihugu cyaguze ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro ka miliyoni 88,3$, bingana na 8,1% by’ibyo u Rwanda rwacuruje hanze yarwo mu mwaka wa 2020.

    Igihugu cya Turikiya cyaje ku mwanya wa gatatu kuko cyakiriye ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro ka miliyoni 55,2$, bingana na 5% k’ibyo u Rwanda rwohereje hanze byagiye muri icyo gihugu.

    Pakistan iza ku mwanya wa kane kuko yakiriye ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro ka miliyoni 32,7$ bingana na 3% k’ibyo u Rwanda rwohereje hanze mu gihe u Bwongereza buza ku mwanya wa gatanu kuko bwakiriye ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro ka miliyoni 28,8$, bingana na 2,5% k’ibyo u Rwanda rwohereje mu mahanga.

    Ubu bwiyongere bw’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bwagizwemo uruhare n’ikigo gitwara abantu n’ibintu mu kirere cya RwandAir, cyatwaye toni 3 253 zijya ku masoko mpuzamahanga, cyane cyane mu bihugu by’u Bubiligi, u Bwongereza na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abarabu.

    Uyu musaruro wariyongereye kuko mu 2019, zari toni 3 129, zivuye kuri toni 2 311 mu mwaka wa 2018 ndetse na toni 84 mu mwaka wa 2017.

    Muri ibi bihe bya Covid-19, RDB yagize uruhare mu bikorwa bihuza ba rwiyemezamirimo hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga. Mu mwaka wa 2020 hakozwe amahuriro ane, aho ibigo 40 byo mu Rwanda byabonye amasoko mpuzamahanga, ndetse ibigo 14 byacuruje ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro karenga miliyoni 26$.

    RwandAir yagize uruhare mu kongera umusaruro w’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga

    Umusaruro w’urwego rw’ubukerarugendo wageze kuri miliyoni 121$

    Umusaruro u Rwanda rukura mu bukerarugendo waragabanutse cyane, kuko wavuye kuri miliyoni 498$ zari zinjijwe mu mwaka wa 2019, ukagera kuri miliyoni 121$ mu mwaka ushize, ahanini bitewe n’ingaruka z’icyorezo cya Covid-19.

    Uyu musaruro wakomotse ku bakerarugendo 493 734 basuye u Rwanda mu mwaka ushize, biganjemo abakomoka muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba bangana na 278,749. Uyu mubare ungana na 56%.

    Mu bashyitsi basuye u Rwanda, 42% by’abasuye u Rwanda bari bazanywe n’ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi ndetse cyangwa kwitabira inama. 26% baje gusura inshuti n’imiryango, 7% bazanwa no kwishimisha mu gihe abandi 25% bazanywe n’izindi mpamvu zitandukanye cyangwa bari kunyura mu Rwanda bakomeza.

    Amasezarano y’ubufatanye u Rwanda rwasinye na Arsenal ndetse na Paris Saint-Germain, yatumye izina ry’ Rwanda rwaguka ndetse rikomeza kuvugwa mu itangazamakuru, ku buryo 41% by’abakunzi b’umupira buvuze ko bakwishira kuzaza gusura u Rwanda.

    Umubare w’abifuza gusura u Rwanda wageze kuri 41% mu 2020 uvuye kuri 35% kubera amasezerano u Rwanda rufitanye na Arsenal

    Amasezerano u Rwanda rufitanye na PSG yafashije u Rwanda kumenyekana

  • Isoko rya kijyambere rya Muhanga rigiye kuzura ryitezweho guca akajagari n’ubujura –

    Ni isoko ryatangiye kubakwa mu 2015 riza kudindira imirimo yongera gusubukurwa nyuma.

    Riherereye rwagati mu Mujyi wa Muhanga, biteganyijwe ko rizuzura ritwaye asaga Miliyari 2 Frw, rikaba rigizwe n’inyubako enye zigerekeranye, ibyumba bisaga 200, ubwinjiriro bubiri, aho kubika ibicuruzwa, uburyo bwo gucunga umutekano hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga n’uburyo bwo kunoza isuku.

    Uruhare runini mu kubaka iryo soko rufitwe n’abikorera bibumbiye mu ihuriro bise MIG (Muhanga Investment Group) rigizwe n’abanyamuryango basaga 50 aho bafite 85% naho akarere kakagiramo 15%.

    Umuyobozi w’Urugaga rw’Abikorera mu Karere ka Muhanga, Kimonyo Juvénal, avuga ko iryo soko rizakemura ibibazo byinshi birimo n’akajagari n’ubujura.

    Ati “Mu by’ukuri iyo ukorera ahantu heza n’ibyo ukora bigenda neza. Hari abagiye bakorera mu nzu zidakomeye zirimo n’iz’ibiti ari na byo usanga ahanini biha urwaho ubujura, ariko iri soko rizaba ritekanye kandi buri wese azaryibonamo uko ubushobozi bwe buri.”

    Akomeza avuga ko hatangiye ibiganiro n’abahagarariye ibyiciro by’abacuruzi bazakorera muri iryo soko kandi bahereye ku basanzwe bakorera mu isoko rishaje kugira ngo bazahite bimukira muri iryo rishya rigiye kuzura.

    Ati “Kubera ko ubu hari amabwiriza yo kwirinda Covid-19, abantu bazajya baza basure aho bazakorera mu byiciro bito bito kandi twakire ibitekerezo byabo hakurikijwe amazone basanzwe bakoreramo, bazajya basura isoko tuganire uko bazarikoreramo ntawe ubangamiwe kandi buri wese yibone muri iri soko rishya, ntabwo [ibiciro] bizaba bihanitse ariko na none ntabwo twashyiraho igiciro gitesha agaciro iyi nyubako”

    Avuga ko nibura icyumba kimwe kizakodeshwa ibihumbi 200 Frw ariko abagikoreramo bagafatanya kucyishyura ku buryo cyakorerwamo nk’abantu 12, umwe akaba yakwishyura hagati y’ibihumbi 20 Frw na 30 Frw.

    Ati “Icyumba kinini abantu bazajya bagifatanya kubera ububiko bw’ibyo bacuruza, twasanze nibura umuntu azajya aba afite ubuso bwa metero ebyiri kuri imwe hasi, kandi n’ubundi mu isoko rishaje ntawazirenzaga, naho kujya hejuru ni metero eshatu zose umuntu azaba yisanzuyemo.”

    Bamwe mu bacuruzi bo mu Karere ka Muhanga bavuga ko bishimiye ko bagiye gukorera mu isoko ryiza rya kijyambere, bagasaba ko ibiciro by’ubukode byazashyirwaho hakozwe ubushishozi.

    Mujawiyera Pascasie ati “Ni isoko ryiza twishimiye kandi ni byo koko tugiye gukorera ahantu heza hasobanutse. Icyifuzo twatanga ni ugusaba ko bazashishoza ntibadukodeshe ku mafaranga menshi arenze ubushobozi bwacu.”

    Umuyobozi wungirije ushinzwe iterambere ry’ubukungu mu Karere ka Muhanga, Kayiranga Innocent, yizeza abaturage ko ibiciro by’icyumba cyangwa ikibanza muri iryo soko rishya bizashyirwaho habanje kujya inama kugira ngo bibe binogeye abubatse isoko ndetse n’abazaricururizamo.

    Ati “Ari utundi turere twuzuyemo amasoko nka Huye, Musanze twazakurikirana amakuru tukumva uko ibiciro byagiye bishyirwaho ariko umuturage adahenzwe.”

    Kugeza ubu abasaga 900 ni bo bamaze kwiyandikisha basaba kuzaricururizamo.

    Ni isoko riherereye rwagati mu Mujyi wa Muhanga, biteganyijwe ko rizuzura ritwaye asaga miliyari 2 Frw

    Igizwe n’inyubako enye zigerekeranye n’ibyumba bisaga 200

    [email protected]


  • Minisitiri Gatabazi yaremye agatima abamaze iminsi bijujutira serivisi za ‘Irembo’ –

    Mu ruzinduko Minisitiri Gatabazi yagiriye ahakorera icyicaro gikuru cya ‘Irembo’ yagiranye ibiganiro n’Umuyobozi Mukuru warwo, Keza Faith, abahagarariye inzego zirimo Ikigo gishinzwe Ikoranabuhanga mu Rwanda (RISA) ndetse n’Umujyi wa Kigali.

    Urubuga rwa Irembo rutanga nibura serivisi zigera ku 100, zirimo izo gutanga ibyangombwa no kwiyandikisha mu bintu bitandukanye birimo n’ababa bashaka gukora ibizamini by’impushya zo gutwara ibinyabiziga n’ibindi.

    Mu minsi ishize humvikanye abaturage by’umwihariko abo mu Mujyi wa Kigali bagaragaje ukwijujutira serivisi za Irembo bavuga ko zimwe muri zo zitakundaga ndetse n’izemeye ntizikore neza cyangwa bigatwara umwanya munini kugira ngo bazihabwe.

    Nk’abantu bamaze iminsi bashaka kwiyandikisha mu bagomba gukora ibizamini by’uruhushya rwo gutwara ibinyabiziga, bavugaga ko biyandikisha maze bagategereza ubutumwa bubemerera gukora ikizamini bakabubura cyangwa bakababwira ko ikoranabuhanga ritari gukora.

    Kuri uyu wa Kabiri tariki 4 Gicurasi, Minisitiri Gatabazi yagiye kureba intandaro y’ibi bibazo byatumye abaturage batagerwaho na serivisi nziza nk’uko biri mu ntego ya Guverinoma y’u Rwanda.

    Mu kiganiro yagiranye na IGIHE nyuma yo kugirana ibiganiro n’ubuyobozi bwa Irembo, Minisitiri Gatabazi yavuze ko ubusanzwe uru rubuga ari igikorwa gikomeye cyo kwishimira nk’u Rwanda kuko rworoheje itangwa rya serivisi zikagera ku baturage batavunitse kandi badakoresheje amafaranga menshi ndetse bikanakorwa vuba.

    Ati “Irembo ni igitekerezo cy’Abanyarwanda, ni Made in Rwanda, bafite inshingano zo gufasha leta kugeza ku baturage serivisi zirimo ibyangombwa bifashisha mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi, rero umunsi ku munsi natwe tuba duhangayikishijwe n’uko uko twifuza guha serivisi biramutse bidakozwe byaba ari ikibazo gikomeye.”

    Minisitiri Gatabazi yavuze kandi ko uru rubuga rumaze iminsi rwaragize ibibazo ariko yaganiriye n’ubuyobozi bwarwo bumugaragariza ibigiye gukorwa ku bufatanye n’izindi nzego kugira ngo abaturage batazongera kugira ibyo bibazo.

    Ati “Twarebye, dusanga buriya Irembo kugira ngo umuturage abone serivisi ntabwo arirwo rwonyine ruba rwabikoze, ahubwo hari abafatanyabikorwa benshi barimo RISA, sosiyete za MTN na Airtel cyangwa abandi bacuruza internet.”

    “Kuko buriya iyo umuturage afite telefone ye cyangwa mudasobwa ntabwo yagakwiye gusohoka mu rugo ngo ajye kurega umukozi wa Irembo ahubwo aba akwiye gusabira serivisi aho ari akayihabwa.”

    Yakomeje agira ati “Iyo ibintu bitangiye kuzamo ikoranabuhanga bisaba ko abantu nabo batera intambwe mu gukoresha iryo koranabuhanga, nibyo rero twaganiriye n’izo nzego zose dusanga hari ibikwiye gukosorwa kandi mu bihe bya vuba twakwizeza ko nta bibazo bizongera kubamo.”

    Minisitiri Gatabazi kandi yasabye abayobozi ba Irembo gushyiraho uburyo buhamye bwo kujya baha amakuru abaturage mu gihe habayeho ikibazo bakabimenyeshwa aho bakoreshaje imiyoboro itandukanye irimo imbuga nkoranyambaga.

    Ati “Twabasabye kugira ngo bagenzure neza banashyireho uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru ku buryo niba habayeho ikibazo kimenyeshwe abaturage. Biratanga icyizere ko Irembo nabo batugaragarije ko ibintu byose bigiye kugenda neza binyuze mu bufatanye na za nzego bakorana kugira ngo serivisi igere ku muturage.”

    Yakomeje agira ati “Abaturage turabaha icyizere kuko ni inshingano yacu gutuma bahabwa serivisi niba ari ikibazo cyabaye, turakorana n’izindi nzego turabizeza ko byatunganye kandi bagiye kujya bahabwa serivisi nziza.”

    Irembo ni gahunda yatangijwe n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Iterambere gifatanyije na Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu, Polisi y’Igihugu, Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubushinjacyaha n’Ikigo gishinzwe Indangamuntu.

    Minisitiri Gatabazi n’abayobozi barimo uw’Umujyi wa Kigali, uwa Irembo ndetse n’uhagarariye RISA

    Minisitiri Gatabazi yavuze ko ibibazo byose bishobora kubangamira serivisi zitangwa na Irembo bigiye gushakirwa umuti mu maguru mashya

  • Icyo kwitegwa nyuma y’uko MTN Rwandacell Plc yanditswe ku Isoko ry’Imari n’Imigabane –

    Ni igikorwa cy’ingenzi cyane kuko MTN Rwandacell Plc ari ikigo gikomeye mu by’itumanaho kuko gifite abakiliya barenga miliyoni 6,1 mu Rwanda, ndetse mu mwaka ushize kikaba cyarungutse miliyari zirenga 20.2 Frw.

    Umuyobozi wa MTN Rwandacell Plc, Mitwa Ng’ambi, yavuze ko nyuma y’uku kwandikwa kwa MTN Rwandacell Plc, abanyamigabane bagiye kujya bahabwa amakuru y’ibikorwa by’imigendekere y’ubucuruzi muri iki kigo, bityo bakarushaho gusobanukirwa aho kigana.

    Yagize ati “Kimwe mu byatumye tujya ku Isoko ry’Imari n’Imigabane, twagira ngo twongere imikoranire yacu n’abakiliya bacu. Icyo abanyamigabane bacu bakwitega, ni uko tuzongera uburyo tubahamo amakuru, kuko mbere byari bigoye bitewe n’uko imigabane yari ifitwe n’ikindi kigo”.

    Yongeyeho ko abanyamigabane ba MTN Rwandacell Plc bazajya bahabwa 50% by’inyungu y’icyo kigo ku mwaka.

    Mu bihugu 17 MTN Group ikoreramo ku Mugabane wa Afurika, u Rwanda rubaye igihugu cya gatatu aho iki kigo cyandikishije ishami ryacyo ku isoko ry’imari n’imigabane, nyuma ya Ghana na Nigeria.

    Umuyobozi wa MTN Group, Ralph Mupita, yavuze ko iyi gahunda igamije gutuma iki kigo gifite inkomoko muri Afurika, kirushaho kugirana ubwisanzure n’Abanyafurika, bakakigira icyabo kandi bakagishoramo imari yabo.

    Yagize ati “Ibi tubikora kubera impamvu ebyiri, icya mbere ni ukongera uburyo abenegihugu bafata amashami yacu mu bihugu byabo, ku buryo abantu benshi bashobora kugura imigabane yacu. Icya kabiri ni ukongera igishoro dukura ku Isoko n’Imari n’Imigabane kandi ibyo bigira ingaruka zagutse ku iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’u Rwanda”.

    Imigabane 20% ya MTN Rwandacell Plc yashyizwe ku Isoko ry’Imari n’Imigabane, yari isanzwe ifitwe n’ikigo cya Crystal Telecom, ndetse kikaba cyagurishaga umugabane umwe ku mafaranga 90 Frw, gusa bitewe n’ubunini bwa MTN Rwandacell Plc, umugabane umwe uzajya ugura amafaranga 269 Frw.

    Ni ryari MTN Rwandacell Plc izongera imigabane icuruza ku Isoko ry’Imari n’Imigabane?

    MTN Rwandacell Plc yashyize ku Isoko ry’Imari n’Imigabane ifite agaciro kangana na 20% by’ikigo cyose, ariko indi 80% isigaranwa na MTN Group.

    Mupita yavuze ko MTN Group idatewe impungenge no kuba yakongera imigabane ya MTN Rwandacell Plc iri ku Isoko ry’Imari n’Imigabane ry’u Rwanda, ariko bikazaterwa n’inyota isoko rizagaragaza yo kugura imigabane yayo ndetse n’uburyo MTN Rwandacell Plc ikeneye igishoro.

    Yavuze ko impamvu bashyize imigabane 20% ku Isoko ari uko atari uko bari bakeneye igishoro kidasanzwe, ahubwo ko byatewe n’uko ikigo cya Crystal Telecom cyari gifite imigabane 20% cyagombaga guseswa.

    Yagize ati “Urebye uko byari bimeze mu Rwanda, MTN Rwandacell Plc ntiyari ikeneye igishoro kidasanzwe, ahubwo icyari kigamijwe byari ukuvugurura imikorere ya Crystal Telecom kugira ngo abanyamigabane bayo bagire imigabane muri MTN Rwandacell Plc bitanyuze ku wundi muhuza”.

    Yongeyeho ko nibigaragara ko iyi migabane yashyizwe ku Isoko yitabirwa cyane mu kugurwa, biteguye gusuzuma ku buryo banongera imigabane yabo.

    Yagize ati “Nibigaragara ko imigabane yacu ikunzwe ku Isoko, kandi bikagaragara ko iri kugurwa cyane n’abantu bari mu Rwanda, bizatekerezwaho. Ibyo bizaterwa n’impamvu ebyiri, icya mbere ni ukureba icyo amategeko asaba, ikindi ni uburyo imigabane yacu ikenewe ku isoko”.

    Umuyobozi w’Isoko ry’Imari n’Imigabane ry’u Rwanda yavuze ko kwandikwa ku Isoko ry’Imari n’Imigabane kwa MTN Rwandacell Plc bizagira uruhare mu kwamamaza iryo soko rimaze imyaka 10 gusa, bityo rikarushaho kuganwa na benshi kuko “MTN Rwandacell Plc ari ikigo kigera kure”.

    MTN Rwandacell Plc yabaye ikigo cya 10 cyanditswe ku Isoko ry’Imari n’Imigabane ry’u Rwanda

  • Mu bitaro bya Kabgayi hamaze kuboneka imibiri 106 y’abazize Jenoside mu minsi itatu –

    Imirimo yo gushakisha iyi mibiri yatangiye ku Cyumweru tariki ya 2 Gicurasi 2021 isozwa habonetse imibiri igera kuri 30, ku munsi wa kabiri haboneka imibiri 39 naho umunsi wa gatatu hongeye kuboneka indi mibiri 37.

    Bamwe mu barokotse bakurikirana igikorwa cyo gushakisha iyi mibiri, bavuze ko abari bafite amakuru y’uko aha hantu hari imibiri bakwiye kwigaya.

    Hari uwagize ati “Abantu banze gutanga amakuru kandi bayafite bakwiye kwigaya kuko hari ibimyetso ntakuka bigaragaza ko aba bazize Jenoside kuko nta muntu uza kwa muganga azanye ingufuri mu mufuka cyangwa ngo apfe acigatiye umwana mu gituza. Hari abo dusangana imyenda myinshi ndetse na bimwe bigaragaza ko bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi”.

    Umuyobozi uhagarariye Umuryango Ibuka mu murenge wa Nyamabuye ukurikiranira hafi iki gikorwa, Issa Bayiringire Dany yavuze ko ntawe ukwiriye guhakana ko iyi mibiri irimo kuboneka ari iy’Abatutsi bazize jenoside kuko hari byinshi mu bimenyetso bisanganwa iyi mibiri byarekana ko bazize Jenoside.

    Yagize ati”Nta muntu ukwiye guhakana ko iyi mibiri irimo kuboneka ari iy’abacu bazize Jenoside kubera ko hari byinshi mu bimenyetso bisanganwa ahavanwa iyi mibiri byerekana ko bishwe n’Interahamwe, kuko hari naho usanga hari imibiri irenze umwe kandi igerekeranye imwe hejuru yindi”.

    Iki gikorwa cyo gushakisha imibiri y’abazize Jenoside bajugunywe mu bitaro bya Kabgayi gikurikiranirwa hafi n’inzego zitandukanye zirimo Ibuka, abashinzwe umutekano, ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Muhanga n’abandi.

    Hashize iminsi itatu mu bitaro bya Kabgayi hashakishwa imibiri y’abazize Jenoside

    Imfunguzo n’ingufuri byakuwe ahabonetse iyi mibiri bigaragaza ko atari abahashyinguwe ahubwo bahajugunywe

    Imwe mu myenda abishwe bari bambaye

  • Ibya Dr Pierre Damien Habumuremyi byahinduye isura –

    Ni mu gihe ubushinjacyaha nabwo bwajuriye busaba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge kwakira ubujurire bwa Dr Habumuremyi ariko bugateshwa agaciro kuko ibyo yakoze ari ibyaha bihanwa n’amategeko.

    Dr Pierre Damien Habumuremyi wigeze kuba Minisitiri w’Intebe w’u Rwanda, mu Ugushyingo 2020 nibwo Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Nyarugenge rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gutanga sheki zitazigamiwe, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka itatu runategeka ko agomba gutanga ihazabu ya 892.200.000Frw. Rwamuhanaguyeho icyaha cy’ubuhemu.

    Prof Habumuremyi Pierre Damien yahise ajururira icyemezo cy’Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Nyarugenge mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge.

    Ibyaha Habumuremyi aregwa bihera mu 2019 aho ashinjwa kuba yaratanze sheki itazigamiye ku bantu batandukanye mu nyungu z’ishuri rikuru Christian University of Rwanda (CHUR) yashinze akanarihagararira mu rwego rw’amategeko. Abo bantu bagiye bavuga ko iyo bajyaga kuri banki, basangaga amafaranga yabijeje atari kuri konti ye.

    Urubanza rw’ubujurire rwa Habumuremyi rwagombaga kuburanishwa bwa mbere tariki 9 Werurwe 2021 ariko ntirwaba kuko abunganira Habumuremyi aribo Me Kayitare Jean Pierre na Bayisabe Erneste batanze impamvu z’uko bagiye gushyingura. Icyo gihe umucamanza yarwimuriye kuwa 02 Mata 2021 nabwo rurasubikwa kuko hari habaye konji y’uwa Gatanu Mutagatifu.

    Tariki 30 Mata 2021 urubanza rwari gusubukurwa ariko umucamanza yongera kurusubika nyuma yo gusuzuma dosiye akabona ari ngombwa ko Christian University of Rwanda ihamagazwa mu rubanza. Iburanisha ritaha rizaba tariki 21 Gicurasi 2021 saa mbili za mu gitondo.

    Dr Habumuremyi avuga ko yahaniwe icyaha kitabaye

    Mu bujurire Dr Habumuremyi yatanze mu nyandiko y’amapaji 20 yandikishije ikaramu, yasabye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge kwemeza ko akwiye kuburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi kuko ibyakozwe ari ukurenga ku masezerano yabaye hagati y’impande ebyiri adakwiriye kwitwa ibyaha.

    Ati “Ngaragaza ko Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Nyarugenge rudafite na busa ububasha bwo kuburanisha urwo rubanza, nerekana ko ibikorwa byakozwe n’uko ibintu byagenze bigengwa n’amategeko mbonezamubano aho kwitwa ibyaha. Nsaba ko turegerwa inkiko z’ubucuruzi.”

    “Muri urwo rubanza kandi njyewe n’abunganizi banjye twakomeje dusobanurira urukiko ko CHUR yarezwe muri uru rubanza mu buryo budakurikije amategeko kuko itigeze iregwa ngo inabazwe mu nzego z’iperereza, maze nsoza nsaba ko imitungo yanjye yanyazwe ikanafatirwa yafatwaho icyemezo kuko ibyakozwe byakozwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko.”

    Zimwe mu nenge Dr Habumuremyi avuga ko ziri mu rubanza rwe Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwirengagije, harimo kuba urukiko rwaraciye urubanza rudafitiye ububasha, kuba yarahaniwe igikorwa kidafatwa nk’icyaha, kuba yarahanishijwe igihano kidateganywa n’amategeko, kuba yarimwe igihano gisubitse n’ibindi.

    Dr Habumuremyi avuga ko icyabaye kikaza guhindurwa icyaha n’urukiko, ari amasezerano CHUR yagiranye n’abantu batandukanye barimo rwiyemezamirimo Ngabonziza Jean Bosco. Mu kubaha icyizere cy’uko bazishyurwa, ngo Kaminuza yagiye ibaha sheki nk’ingwate ibagaragariza ko bazishyura kandi buri ruhande rurabyemera ruranabisinyira.

    Dr Habumuremyi kandi avuga ko Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Nyarugenge rutamenye abarebwa n’amasezerano kuko amasezerano yakozwe hagati ya CHUR na ba rwiyemezamirimo, Dr Habumuremyi agasinya nk’umwishingizi wa Kaminuza cyangwa se umuyobozi. Ngo no mu gihe babaga bishyurwa, amafaranga yavaga kuri konti ya Kaminuza aho kuba iya Habumuremyi, bityo akaba atumva impamvu akurikiranywe.

    Ati “Niba uyu munsi mfunzwe, ayo mafaranga yari ay’iki?.

    Mu bujurire, Dr Habumuremyi avuga ko itegeko no 34 /2013 ryo kuwa 24/5/2013 ryerekeye ubugwate mu mutungo utimukanwa cyane cyane mu ngingo yaryo ya kane, igaragaza ko imitungo yimukanwa ishobora gutangwaho ingwate harimo n’inyandiko y’impapuro mvunjwafaranga.

    Ati “Nkaba nsanga nta cyaha nakoze dore ko iryo tegeko kugeza ubu ritarahindurwa cyangwa se ngo rivanweho.”

    Muri ayo masezerano, Dr Habumuremyi yavuze habayeho kumvikana n’abagiye bahabwa sheki, ko haramutse habaye ikibazo hazitabazwa inkiko zisanzwe, zirebwa n’ibijyanye no kurenga ku masezerano.

    Yavuze ko kandi ashingiye kuri icyo gikorwa yakoze kidateganywa nk’icyaha, byumvikana ko igihano yahawe kidakwiriye kuko nta cyaha cyabayeho, asaba Urukiko Rwisumbuye gutesha agaciro umwanzuro w’urukiko rw’ibanze.

    Ikindi Dr Habumuremyi atumva ni uburyo abo bagiranye amasezerano bagiye kumurega basaba n’indishyi kandi mu masezerano bagiranye bose baragiye bayasinyaho bakerekwa n’uburyo bazishyurwa.

    Ikindi ni uko abo ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko bambuwe hashingiwe kuri sheki zitazigamiwe bahawe bajya kubikuza bakabura amafaranga, kandi abenshi bari baramaze kwishyurwa. Muri miliyoni zisaga 155 Frw ubushinjacyaha bwaregaga CHUR kwambura, Dr Habumuremyi avuga ko hasigaye asaga gato miliyoni 25 Frw.

    Dr Habumuremyi yajuriye avuga ko urukiko rwamuhamije icyaha kitakozwe (Ifoto:Ububiko)

    Umwe mu bunganira Dr Habumuremyi, Dr Bayisabe Erneste na we yabwiye IGIHE ko umukiliya we yaburanishijwe n’urukiko rutari rwo kuko ibijyanye no kurenga ku masezerano ari iby’inkiko z’ubucuruzi.

    Ati “Iyo watanze sheki wabanje kumvikana n’uwo uyiha ko muzagenda mwishyurana, ntabwo iba ikwiye gufatwa nka sheki itazigamiwe. Ntabwo urukiko rw’ibanze rwa Nyarugenege rufite ubwo bubasha.”

    Kuba aribwo bwa mbere Dr Habumuremyi akurikiranywe n’inkiko, nabyo Bayisabe asanga ari ingingo yagombaga gushingirwaho asubikirwa igihano.

    Ubushinjacyaha bwamaganye ubujurire bwa Dr Habumuremyi

    Ubushinjacyaha nabwo bwajuririye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, busaba ko ubujurire bwa Habumuremyi bwakirwa ariko bugateshwa agaciro.

    Kopi y’ubujurire bw’ubushinjacyaha igaragaza ko icyo bukurikiranyeho Habumuremyi Pierre Damien atari impaka ziturutse ku ikoreshwa ry’inyandiko mvunjwafaranga ahubwo ari icyaha cyo gutanga sheki zitazigamiwe abizi, giteganywa mu mategeko ahana ibyaha.

    Buvuga ko icyo gikorwa ubwacyo gihagije kuba yagihanirwa cyane ko na we mu mvugo ze adahakana ko izi sheki yazitanze kandi azi ko nta mafaranga ahagije yari afite kuri konti.

    Kuba hari amafaranga amaze kwishyura ba rwiyemezamirimo, ngo ntibikuraho ko izo sheki yazitanze kandi kuzitanga byonyine bigize icyaha naho kwishyuraho make bikaba bitakibuza kuba icyaha. Icyo kwishyura byafasha ngo ni mu gihe cyo gutanga ibihano bikaba wenda byaherwaho bimubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha.

    Ku kuba aburanishwa n’urukiko rutabifitiye ububasha, ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko itegeko rigena ububasha bw’inkiko riteganya ko inkiko z’ibanze ziburanisha ibyaha bihanishwa igihano cy’igifungo kitarengeje imyaka itanu ari naho icyaha Habumuremyi akurikiranyweho kibarizwa.

    Mu bujurire kandi, Dr Habumuremyi yavuze ko urukiko rwirengagije ubusabe yatanze bwo guhabwa igihano gisubitse kubera uburwayi.

    Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko umucamanza yagaragaje ko adategetswe byanze bikunze gusubika ibihano kabone nubwo umuntu yaba yujuje ibisabwa. Yagaragaje ko Dr Habumuremyi atemera icyaha ngo ibe yaba impamvu yatuma asubikirwa ibihano kandi uburwayi bukaba butashingirwaho ‘kuko no muri gereza bavura’.

    Ubushinjacyaha bwasabye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge kurekeraho igifungo n’ihazabu yaciwe.

    Dr Habumuremyi yasabye ko urubanza rwe rwoherezwa mu rukiko rw’ubucuruzi (Ifoto: Ububiko)