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Mu bikorwa bizaba birimo higanjemo ibyo kuzamura imibereho myiza y’abafite ubumuga hashyirwaho gahunda zibafasha kwihangira umurimo, guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ridaheza, kongera umubare w’abantu bafite ubumuga mu nzego z’imirimo, guteza imbere ibikorwa by’imyidagaduro n’umuco n’ibindi.

Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Inama y’Igihugu y’Abantu bafite Ubumuga, Ndayisaba Emmanuel, yavuze ko iyi politiki bayitezeho kugira uruhare mu kuziba icyuho cyagaragaraga mu ngeri zitandukanye z’ubuzima bikabangamira imibereho myiza n’iterambere y’abafite ubumuga.

Ati “Icya mbere ni uko igaragaza umurongo w’ibikenewe gukorwa n’inzego zizabigiramo uruhare ndetse n’ibizakorwa birateganyijwe. Si kimwe no kujya mu rwego runaka gusaba ngo nihakorwe iki cyangwa kiriya.”

Ndayisaba yakomeje avuga ko iyi politiki izafasha kuziba icyuho mu burezi aho abana benshi bafite ubumuga batiga mu gihe ari bwo musingi w’iterambere ry’umuntu ku giti cye ndetse no ku gihugu muri rusange.

Mu myaka 10 ishize igipimo cy’abana batishoboye bata ishuri cyakomeje kuzamuka kigera kuri 28.3% ku biga mu mwaka wa gatanu w’amashuri abanza na 10.2% ku biga mu wa mbere uhereye mu 2005 nk’uko byagaragajwe muri raporo ya ‘Rwanda Education Sector Strategic Plan: ESSP.’

Mu 2013-2018, byemejwe ko abana bafite ubumuga bangana na 27% batakandagiye mu ishuri ugereranyije n’abatabufite bari 14%, mu gihe abaritaye bari 9% ku bafite ubumuga na 6% ku batabufite.

Mu 2017, Minisiteri y’Uburezi yagaragaje ko mu bana 185,666 bakiriwe mu cyiciro cy’ikiburamwaka, abafite ubumuga bari 1%, mu bindi byiciro naho bakaba bari bacye cyane.

Ibi bifitanye isano no kuba hari amashuri agifite inyubako zitorohereza abafite ubumuga kuzigeramo, ibikoresho bakeneye batabasha kubona ndetse no kuba abazi ururimi rw’amarenga bashobora gufasha abatumva batavuga bakiri bake nk’uko Ndayisaba yakomeje abisobanura.

Ahandi hakiri ibibazo by’ingorabahizi ni mu rwego rw’ubuzima aho nka mituweli itishingira ubuvuzi bw’abafite ubumuga nk’insimburangingo usanga zikosha.

Mu gutwara abantu mu buryo rusange naho hari kuba bitorohera abafite ubumuga kugera aho bategera imodoka no kuzigendamo bitewe n’imitere y’ubumuga bwabo, kutamenya ahari ibimenyetso byo mu muhanda, imiferege y’amazi idapfundikiye ku nkengero z’imihanda abatabona bashobora kugwamo n’ibindi.

Ndayisaba yakomeje agira ati “Nk’umuntu utabona ntiyari akwiye guhagarara ngo ategereze ko itara ry’icyatsi ryako ngo abone uko atambuka muri feux rouges, kuko ataba ahareba, yagombye kugira ahantu akanda akabimenya kimwe na ya mirongo ishushanyije mu muhanda aho abanyamaguru bambukiranya, uko iteye ntibimworohereza. Ibyo byose birateganyijwe, twizeye ko mu myaka ine hari byinshi bizaba byakemutse.”

Politiki nshya y’abantu bafite ubumuga iri mu nshingano za Minisiteri zitandukanye ahateganyijwe ibikorwa mu nzego z’imibereho myiza, uburezi, ibikorwa remezo, kurengera abana, guteza imbere umurimo, ubuhinzi, ubuzima, itumanaho, siporo n’umuco bizatwara 41,458,014,440 Frw.

Amasezerano mpuzamahanga agamije kurengera abantu bafite ubumuga agena ko bari mu byiciro birimo ubumuga bw’ingingo, ubumuga bwo mu mutwe n’ubwo kutumva no kutavuga. Gusa hari n’icyiciro cy’abafite ubumuga bukomatanyije.

Ibarura rusange ry’abaturage ryakozwe mu 2012 ryerekanye ko mu Rwanda abantu bafite ubumuga bari 446,453.

Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Inama y’Igihugu y’Abantu bafite Ubumuga, Ndayisaba Emmanuel, yavuze ko politiki nshya bayitezeho kuziba icyuho mu nzego zitandukanye z’ubuzima bwabo

RIB yabwiye abayobozi mu z’ibanze ko badakwiye guhishira abasambanya abana n’imiryango igaragaramo amakimbirane

RIB itangaza ibi ishingiye ku kuba ibirego yakira by’abana basambanywa bidasiba kwiyongera, kandi ikibabaje ngo akaba ari uko hari ababyeyi b’abana baba basambanyijwe bafatanya n’inzego z’ibanze z’aho ibyo byaha biba byabereye bagahishira amakuru kugeza n’ubwo bamwe mu bakora ibyo byaha batamenyekana, abandi bagatoroka batagejejwe mu butabera.

Mu gikorwa cyo kwegereza abaturage hafi serivisi za RIB cyabereye mu Murenge wa Muko mu Karere ka Musanze ku wa Gatatu tariki 16 Kamena 2021, inzego z’ibanze zikorera muri uwo Murenge zanaganirijwe ku ruhare rwazo mu gukumira no kurwanya ibyaha byo gusambanya umwana no kwirinda ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina.

Ntirenganya Claude, Umuyobozi ushinzwe ishami ryo kurwanya ibyaha muri RIB, yabwiye abaturage ko nta gihe amategeko atabayeho agamije kurengera umwana no guhana icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, ariko ikibabaje kikaba ari uko abayarengaho badasiba gukomeza gushyira mu bikorwa iyo migambi mibisha.

Yagize ati “Ikibazo cyo gusambanya abana gikomeje kugaragara kandi imibare ikagenda yiyongera. Nyamara nta gihe amategeko agihana atabayeho. Tuzi neza ko abana b’ubu ari bo dutezeho ubukungu bw’igihugu cyacu bw’ahazaza. None se abo bana bigaragara ko twatangiye kubicira mu iterura, ubwo igihugu cyacu turakiganisha hehe?”

Ati “Rimwe na rimwe binapfira mu buyobozi bw’inzego zo hasi. Aho atuye ni umujyanama, ni umuyobozi w’Isibo, umufashamyumvire cyangwa umukuru w’Umudugudu, akamenya ko umwana runaka yasambanyijwe ntagire icyo abikoraho. Nk’aho uwo mugizi wa nabi wangije uwo mwana yakamushyikirije inzego bireba kugira ngo zimuhanire ibyo yakoze, ugasanga uwo muyobozi arigira ntiteranya, akihutira kubikemurira aho, yunga imiryango yombi; nyamara ntiyibuke ko arimo kubunga hejuru y’ubuzima bw’umwana bwashyizwe mu kaga kazamukurira ingaruka mu mibereho ye hafi ya yose”.

Arongera ati “Ni agahomamunwa kubona hari abatabona ko gusambanya umwana ari ugukurura ibibazo bizagera ubwo umuryango nyarwanda wisanga utagishoboye gukumira ingaruka zabyo mu gihe byaba bikomeje gutya. Ni yo mpamvu turi hano ngo tubasobanurire ibigize icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana n’ibihano biteganywa n’amategeko, tubakangurira kutakijenjekera ngo muhishire uwagikoze cyangwa ngo mumwunge n’uwagikorewe mu kwirinda ko ubutabera bwakabaye butangwa buburizwamo”.

Abaturage begerejwe serivisi za RIB bagira ibyo babaza banatanga ibirego kugira ngo bikemuke

Abaturage na bo basanga hari ingaruka ziri mu kuba abana bagisambanywa. Uwumukecuru witwa Ntibarikure, wo mu Murenge wa Muko, ashengurwa no kuba umwana arera w’umukobwa unafite ubumuga yaratewe inda, uwabikoze akaba ari kwidegembya.

Yagize ati “Uwo mwana afite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe n’ubwo kutavuga, yafashwe ku ngufu n’umusore ahita atoroka. Bidateye kabiri yagarutse iwabo, ubu aridegembya. Nkibimenya nagiye gutakira mudugudu ngo amfashe kuba uwo musore yafatwa agakurikiranwa, ariko yatereye agati mu ryinyo. N’ubu mudugudu anyuraho yigiriye iwabo w’uwo musore kuko ari n’inshuti, njye ntiyananyegera ngo yumve ikibazo cyanjye, wenda ngo anamfashe kukigeza ku nzego zimukuriye. Ubu se urumva atarantereranye?”

Abaturage bashimangira ko abayobozi bakeneye ari abatagira amarangamutima ku kibazo cy’abana basambanywa.

Kanyaruhengeri Edison yagize ati “Umuyobozi uhishira umuntu usambanya umwana, na we ntaho ataniye n’umunyacyaha. Akwiye gukurikiranwa, byaba na ngombwa akamburwa inshingano, agasimbuzwa ufite umutima wo kugaragaza ikibi kiri aho ayobora kigakosorwa. Akaba ari wa muyobozi uzi ko akemura ikibazo uko kiri ashize amanga. Natwe nk’abaturage bituma tumufatiraho urugero, bikanadutera akanyabugabo ko gutunga agatoki abo tuziho kwishora muri ibyo byaha”.

Umuyobozi wa RIB mu Karere ka Musanze Murenzi Joseph, yagaragaje ko Umurenge wa Muko, uri mu Mirenge igaragaramo ubwiyongere bw’ibyaha byo gusambanya abana, n’amakimbirane mu miryango, akomeje kuba intandaro y’ibyaha byo gukubita no gukomeretsa, gucana inyuma, ubusinzi n’ibindi.

N’ubwo RIB iteruye ngo itangaze imibare nyayo y’ibirego yakiriye mu gihugu hose by’abana basambanyijwe, ariko igaragaza ko uko ibyo birego byanganaga mu mwaka wa 2018-2019, byarushijeho kwiyongera, mu mwaka wakurikiyeho wa 2019-2020 bikagera ku bisaga ibihumbi bine.

Abahagarariye inzego z’ibanze, banasobanuriwe serivisi Isange One Stop Centre iha abahohotewe, aho bagaragarijwe ko gutangira amakuru hakiri kare mu gihe hari uwahohotewe, bituma ahabwa ubutabera n’ubuvuzi byihuse.

Muri gahunda yateguwe n’Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Ubugenzacyaha yo kwegereza abaturage serivisi urwo rwego rutanga hifashishijwe ibiro ngendanwa (Mobile station), abaturage bayigejejeho ibibazo n’ibirego batari babonye uko batanga bitewe n’uko batuye kure y’aho ibiro byayo biri.

Bwabimusabiye kuri uyu wa 17 Kamena 2021, ubwo Urukiko rukuru urugero ruburanisha ibyaha mpuzamahanga n’ibyambukiranya imipaka, rwumvaga ubushinjacyaha ku bihano busabira abaregwa mu rubanza ruregwamo Paul Rusesabagina na bagenzi be.

Bizimana Cassien aregwa ibyaha bitandatu birimo kuba mu mutwe w’iterabwoba, ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi, kugambana no gushishikariza abandi gukora iterabwoba.

Mu kwiregura kwe kwababye ku wa 06 Gicurasi 2021, Bizimana Cassien yemeye ibikorwa bigize ibyaha byose aregwa ariko akavuga ko yabikoze yubahiriza amabwiriza y’abayobozi be ba MRCD-FLN.

Ikindi ni uko yasabaga ko hakubahirizwa amasezerano ya Lusaka na Nairobi akajyanwa mu kigo cya Mutobo na we agasubizwa mu buzima busanzwe nk’uko bikorerwa abandi bari abarwanyi mu mitwe yitwaje intwaro.

Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ubwiregure bwe butahabwa agaciro kuko amabwiriza yubahirizaga yayahabwaga n’umuyobozi utemewe.

Na ho kuba hakubahirizwa amasezerano u Rwanda rwasinyinye agamije gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe abari abarwanyi mu mitwe yitwara gisirikare, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ibyo bitamubuza gukurikiranwa kuko igihe yabimenyeye atashyize intwaro hasi ngo atahuke.

Ikindi ni uko ngo gutanga imbabazi kuri abo barwanyi biri mu nyungu z’igihugu ariko atari itegeko ko buri wese ababarirwa kandi afite ibyaha akurikiranyweho.

Ubushinjacyaha bwasabye urukiko kwemeza ko Bizimana Cassien ahamwa n’ibyaha byose akurikiranyweho.
Bwasabye urukiko gushingira ku bisobanuro byatanzwe n’ubushinjacyaha maze rukemeza ko Bizimana Cassien yemera ibikorwa bigize ibyaha gusa, ariko atemera uburyozwa cyaha bwabyo bityo ko ukwemera kwe kutuzuye, kandi ibikorwa akurikiranyweho bikaba bigize icyaha cy’ubugome bityo akaba atagabanyirizwa ibihano.

Hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 61, igika cya 3, agace ka mbere n’aka kabiri z’itegeko no 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018, riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko impurirane mpuzamugambi ibaho, iyo igikorwa kimwe ubwacyo gikubiyemo ibyaha byinshi, cyangwa iyo ibikorwa bitandukanye, bigize ubwabyo ibyaha bitandukanye, n’uko bihujwe bigamije umugambi w’icyaha kimwe cyangwa igikorwa kimwe, Ubushinjacyaha busanga ibyaha Bizimana Cassien akurikiranyweho bigize impurirane mbonezamugambi kubera ko ari ibyaha bitandukanye, bihujwe n’uko bigamije umugambi w’icyaha kimwe.

Bityo hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 62, igika cya kabiri cy’iryo tegeko, ubushinjacyaha bukaba bumusabiye igihano ntarengwa cyo hejuru giteganyijwe ku cyaha kirusha ibindi gukomera aricyo igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25.

Umuvugizi wa Polisi y’u Rwanda, CP John Bosco Kabera, yavuze ko uwo mugenzi yavuye mu gihugu cya Kuwait tariki ya 13 Kamena 2021, ageze ku kibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Kigali i Kanombe nk’uko bisanzwe yapimwe icyorezo cya Covid-19 n’ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe ubuzima (RBC) mu masaha ya saa cyenda z’amanywa, nyuma ajya gutegerereza ibisubizo muri Airport Inn Motel.

CP Kabera akomeza avuga ko ubuyobozi bwa Motel bwarenze ku mabwiriza y’inzego z’ubuzima, bamusezerera batabanje guhabwa ibisubizo byavuye mu isuzuma uwo muturage yari yakorewe.

Yagize ati “Uyu mugenzi nk’uko bisanzwe mu gihe yari agitegereje ibisubizo bya RBC yagiye gucumbika muri Airport Inn Motel iri hafi y’ikibuga cy’indege kuko n’abandi kenshi ariho bacumbika kugeza bahawe ibisubizo. Ntibategereje ko RBC ibaha ibisubizo ahubwo bo bwaracyeye baramusezerera aragenda”.

CP Kabera yavuze ko hakirimo gushakishwa uwo muntu kuko aho yagiye harazwi, yagaye abantu barimo kurenga ku mabwiriza yo kurwanya Covid-19 ahubwo bo bagakora ibyo bishakiye.

Ati “Ba nyiri iriya Motel bari basanzwe babizi ko iyo umugenzi atarabona ibisubizo atagomba kuva aho acumbitse ariko bo yaharaye ijoro rimwe bucya bamusezerera ngo agende kandi babizi ko inzego z’ubuzima zitaratanga ibisubizo bye”.

Iyo Motel yafunzwe mu gihe cy’iminsi 90 nk ‘uko biteganywa n’amabwiriza, nk’uko bitangazwa ku rubuga rwa Internet rwa Polisi y’u Rwanda.

Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge iyo Motel iherereyemo, Uwamahoro Genevieve, yavuze ko abayobozi b’iyo Motel barenze ku mabwiriza y’imicungire y’abarwayi ba Covid-19 ahubwo na bo bagira uruhare mu kuyikwirakwiza.

Ati “Birababaje kubona Motel nk’iriya isanzwe yakira abakiriya ikanamenya ko umukiriya ahava ari uko RBC ibahaye ibisubizo bye ariko bo bakabirengaho. Tekereza uriya muntu abantu yagiye ahura nabo bose yarabanduje”.

Uwo muyobozi yasabye abaturage muri rusange kudahishira umuntu bazi ko arwaye Covid-19, yarangiza akarenga ku mabwiriza yahawe n’inzego z’ubuzima.

Kigali Today yateguriye abasomyi bayo igihe uwakoze icyaha adahanwa n’ubwiregure busanzwe buzwi mu mategeko bufasha abantu gutsinda imanza cyangwa bakagabanyirizwa igihano bitewe n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo.

Mu itegeko riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange rya 2018 mu ngingo ya 86 itegeko riteganyamo igihe uwakoze icyaha adashobora kuryozwa icyaha.

1.Gukoreshwa icyaha ku gahato (Duress)

umuntu yakoreshejwe icyaha ku ngufu cyangwa ku gahato atashoboraga kwigobotora icyo gihe itegeko rikuraho uburyozwacyaha.

Amategeko y’urwanda n’imbere y’amategeko mpuzamahanga mu manza nshinjabyaha hateganya ko bavuga ko umuntu yakoze icyaha ku gahato iyo kudakora icyo cyaha byashoboraga kumugiraho ingaruka zikomeye cyangwa zikaba ku bagize umuryango we cyangwa undi muntu w’inshuti ye. Urugero izo ngaruka zishobora kuba urupfu n’izindi.

Ubu bwiregure bwashingiweho mu rubanza rwa Jovan Babic na Erdomovic aho umunyamategeko wa Eridomovic yavuze ko umukiliya we yahatiwe gukora icyaha ndetse abwirwa ko natagikora azicwa bituma nawe yica abahigwaga mu gihe cy’intambara yari mu cyahoze ari yougoslavia yaje no kuvamo jenoside y’aba Serbe cyangwa iya Srebrenica.

Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho icyahoze ari Yougoslavia ICTY rwaje kumva impamvu ze bavuga ko ubwo bwiregure bufite ishingiro maze igihano yari yahawe kiragabanwa gishyirwa ku myaka 5 y’igifungo.

Mu mategeko urukiko mpuzamahanga rwa ICC rukurikiza avuga ko ubu bwiregure gusa bub iyo usabwa gukora icyaha byashoboraga kumuviramo ingaruka zikomeye igihe atabikoze , aha ariko runasaba ubushishozi abantu bakabanza kureba igikwiriye kuko biba bishoboka ko hari n’igihe wakwanga kubikora ntugire icyo uba.

2. Icyaha cyakozwe ku bwo kubaha amabiwirza y’ugukuriye (Superior orders)

Kwiregura witwaje ko wakoze icyaha biturutse ku mabwiriza y’umuntu wari ugukuriye utagombaga gusuzugura biremerwa ariko imbere y’amategeko mpuzamahanga ntibivanaho ko uwakoze icyaha adahanwa nko mu byaha by’intamabara, jenoside cyangwa ibyaha byibasiye inyoko muntu. Icyo bifasha nuko uwakoze icyaha aba ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano. Urugero umusirikari ukoze icyaha biturutse ku mabwiriza y’umusirikari mukuru umukuriye mu kazi.

Aha ariko bisaba uwo musirikari kugaragaza nanone ko iyo yanga gukora icyo gikorwa hari izindi ngaruka yari guhura na zo.

Mu mategeko agenga ICTR na ICTY (Inkiko zashyiriweho uRwanda n’icyahoze ari Yugoslavia) mu ngingo ya 7 n’iya 6 havuga ko ubu bwiregure butavanaho guhanirwa icyaha cyakozwe ahubwo ko igikurikizwa gusa ari uko haba hashobora kubaho kugabanyirizwa igihano.

Imbere y’urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha ICC ubu bwiregure ho bwemerwa ku kigero cyo hasi nk’iyo wagaragaje ko hari itegeko ryagusabaga kubaha amabwiriza y’ugukuriye , iyo ugaragaje ko ibyo yagusabye gukora utari uzi niba ari icyaha ncdetse n’iyo ibyo yagusabye bitari icyaha icyo gihe.

Urugero aha nko ku rugamba umusirikari aba agomba kubaha amabwiriza y’umusirikari umukuriye ariko nanone ntabwo aba agomba kwitwara nka robo(Robot) cyangwa imashini idatekereza , aba agomba kwitwara nk’umuntu. Mu mategeko y’urwanda no mu mategeko mpuzamahanga abasirikari cyangwa abanda bantu bagira ababakuriye babaha amabwiriza bashishikarizwa kubanza gutekereza mbere yo kugira icyo bakora.

Urugero ntabwo umuntu yaguha amabwiriza ngo ugende wice impinja nawe uhite ujya kubikora kandi uzi ko ari icyaha, uba ugomba kubanza gutekereza.

Mu mategeko y’Urwanda ingingo ya 86 mu itegeko ritaganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange rya 2018, mu mpamvu zikuraho uburyozwa cyaha n’iyi irimo aho igira iti “umuntu akoze igikorwa ategetswe n’umuyobozi wemewe n’amategeko, uretse igihe icyo gikorwa bigaragara ko kinyuranye n’amategeko” iki gihe habaho kuvaho k’uburyozwa cyaha (Criminal responsibility)

3. Ubusazi cyangwa ubundi burwayi bwo mu mutwe (Insanity)

Uburyozwacyaha buvaho igihe cyose uwakoze icyaha yabitewe n’uburwayi bwo mu mutwe cyangwa yagikoze afite uburwayi bwo mu mutwe butuma atarabashaga kugira ubushonozi bwo gutekereza neza.

Ingingo ya 86 mu itegeko riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano mu Rwanda ivuga ko ushinjwa iyo yari afite uburwayi bwo mu mutwe mu gihe yakoraga icyaha izimpamvu zikuraho uburyozwacyaha, aha ariko bisaba kugaragazwa na raporo ya muganga . ikindi bigasaba ko icyo gihe icyaha cyabaga yari afite urwo burwayi, uramutse ukoze icyaha ukagira ibyo bibazo nyuma waramaze gukora icyaha amategeko ntavanaho uburyozwacyaha.

Ubu buryo busanzwe bunazwi mu mategeko nk’ubwiregure bwa M’Naughton bwatangiye gukoreshwa bwa mbere imbere y’urukiko rwa Nuremberg urukiko mpuzahanga mpanabyaha rwa mbere rwabayeho ku isi ngo rucire imanza aba Nazi bakoze jenoside y’abayahudi n’ibyaha by’intambara nyuma y’intambara ya kabiri y’isi yose.

Bwakoreshejwe mu rubanza rwa Rudolf Hess ufatwa nka ba ruharwa muri jenoside yakorewe abayahudi, uyu mugabo yireguye avuga ko ibyo yakoze byose yabitewe n’ubusazi gusa ntabwo byashoboye kumenyekana koko niba yari umusazi nubwo mu rubanza rwe yagaragazaga imyitwarire y’ubusazi.

Rudolf Hess yahamijwe n’urukiko rwa Nuremberg ibyaha bya Jenoside, ibyaha byibasiye inyoko muntu n’ibyaha by’intambara akatirwa igifungo cya burundu, mu 1987 yaje kwiyahura afite imyaka 93 agwa muri gereza nyuma yo kunanirwa kwakira ubuzima yabagamo.

Ubu bwiregure bwanashingiweho n’urukiko rwashyiriweho icyahoze ari Yougoslavia

mu rubanza rwahuzaga ubushinjacyaha na Pavle Strugar. Bwanashingiweho mu rubanza rw’umugore Ieng Thirith wagize uruhare mu kwica abantu benshi mu cyahoze ari Cambodge. Uyu mugore abamwunganira bavuze ko yari umusazi ndetse ibyinshi yabitewe n’ubusazi maze bazana abaganga bo ku musuzuma basanga yari umusazi urukiko rutegeka ko arekurwa akitabwaho mu buryo abarwayi bo mu mutwe bitabwaho.

Haba mu Rwanda no mu mastegeko mpuzamahanga ubu buryo bwemerwa gusa iyo uwakoze icyaha yagikoze mu gihe yari afite ubwo burwayi , iyo bwatumaga atabasha gutekereza neza, ngo amenye ibyo agiye gukora .

4. Kwiregura witwaje ko wirwanagaho (Self-defense)

Ntabwo habaho uburyozwacyaha iyo umuntu wakoze icyaha yagikoze yirwanaho nk’uko ingingo ya 86 mu itegeko riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange mu Rwanda ibiteganya. Aha umuntu ashobora kwirwanaho igihe atewe n’abajura cyangwa n’abandi bantu bagamije kumugirira nabi. Ashobora kubukoresha arwana ku muntu uri mu kaga . itegeko riteganya ko ubu buryo bukoreshwa aha hakurikira:

A) Yirukana uwinjiye ahantu hatuwe aciye icyuho, yakoresheje ingufu cyangwa uburiganya;
B) ahanganye n’abajura cyangwa abandi bagizi ba nabi.
C) igikorwa cyo kwirwanaho yugarijwe n’amakuba;
D) igikorwa cyo kurwana ku wundi muntu wugarijwe n’amakuba;
E) igikorwa cyo guhagarika icyaha cyo konona umutungo awurwanaho.

Aha ariko kugirango ubwo bwiregure bwemerwe ntihabeho uburyozwacyaha, uwakoze icyaha abitewe na ziriya mpamvu zavuzwe haruguru agomba kuba yakoresheje uburyo butarenze kure uburemere bwo kwitabara cyangwa ubw’amakuba yari amwugarije cyangwa yari yugarije undi muntu yarwanagaho cyangwa bwo guhagarika konona umutungo yarwanagaho.

Urugero umuntu agukubise urushyi ukamurasa ntabwo wavuga ko wabikoze wirwanaho , umuntu aje kwiba afite ikibando ukamurashisha imbunda ntabwo wavuga ko wabikoze wirwanaho kuko yari kukugirira nabi , ariko aje yitwaje imbunda ukamutanga ukamurasa uba ukoze icyaha. Ikindi umuntu aje ku kwiba ukamurasa yageze hanze y’inzu (yagiye) uba ukoze icyaha.

Mu mategeko mpuzamahanga naho niko bigenda uwakoze icyaha aba agomba kugaragaza ko yagikoze yirwanaho kubera ubuzima bwe bwari buri mu kaga, atabara undi muntu cyangwa arinda umutungo wari ugiye kwangizwa, aha naho uwakoze icyaha iyo yakoresheje imbaraga z’umurengera ntabwo havaho uburyozwacyaha.

5. Uburyo bwo kwiregura buzwi nka “Alibi” cyangwa “Sinari mpari”

Alibi (Sinari mpari) ni uburyo mu mategeko bukoreshwa aho uregwa yiregura atanga amakuru agaragaza ko atari ari aho icyaha aregwa cyabereye igihe cyabaga , ubu buryo kugirango bwemerwe bisaba ibimenyetso ndetse n’abatangabuhamya bo kubihamya.

Iyo uvuze ko utari uhari ubushinjacyaha nabwo buba bugomba kwerekana ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko wari uri ahabereye icyaha igihe cyabaga.

Urugero umushinjacyaha agushinjije icyaha ukagaragaza ko igihe cyakorwaga wari uri hanze y’igihugu ndetse ukagaragaza tike y’indege n’abatangabuhamya bakubonyeyo utsinda urubanza hagendewe kuri ubu bwiregure.

Ubu buryo bwakoreshejwe mu manza 2 zabereye I Arusha mu rubanza rwa Generali Gratien Kabirigi na Protais Zigiranyirazo.

Protais Zigiranyirazo wahoze akomeye ku butegetsi bwa Habyarimana Juvenal dore ko yari na muramu we akaba yaranabaye purefe wa Ruhengeri, yafashwe ashinjwa kugira uruhare muri genocide yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda.
Yari Yarakatiwe gupfungwa imyaka 20 aregwa kugira uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Mata 1994 nyuma aza kujurira mu cyumba cy’ubujurire agirwa umwere ararekurwa.

Protais Zigiranyirazo, uzwi kw’ izina rya “Z”akaba yari muramu wa nyakwigendera Prezida Juvenl Habyarimana, yaramaze imyaka irenga umunani i Arusha, aho yajanywe afatiwe mu Bubiligi. Aregwa ibyaha birimo gushumura igitero cyishe abatutsi barenga igihumbi, Biciwe mu misozi bari bahungiyemo, guhemba abantu bashyize imitego ku mihanda(roadblock), no gucukura ibinogo byo gushyiramo abicwaga.

Ubwo urubanza rwa Protais Zigiranyirazo rwabaga abatangabuhamya bamushinje ko yagize uruhare mu bikorwa byo kwica abatutsi mu cyahoze ari Gisenyi no mu gace ko mu Kiyovu mu mujyi wa Kigali. Mr Z afatanije n’uwamwunganiraga babashije kwemeza urukiko ko aho bamushinja yakoreye ibyaha hose atigeze agerayo kuko ku italiki bamushinjagaho yari I Kanombe mu rugo rwa Muramu we Habyarimana Juvenal.

Abatangabuhamya 9 bose batanze ubuhamya ko babonye Protais Zigiranyirazo I Kanombe ku munsi n’amasaha ubushinjacyaha bwavugaga ko yagiye mu byo kwica abatutsi mu cyahoze ari Gisenyi .

Abatangabuhamya bamushinjaga bo ntibabashije guhuza kubyo bavugaga ko yaba yaragiyeyo maze mu cyumba cyubujurire (Appeal Chamber) urukiko rwari ruyoboye n’umucamanza Theodomir Melon rwanzura ko atsinze kuri “Alibi” runategeka ko ahita arekurwa .

Ntabwo ari Protais Zigiranyirazo gusa wagizwe umwere hifashishijwe ubwiregure bwa Alibi (Sinari Mpari) kuko na General de Brigade Gratien Kabiligi, wari umuyobozi w’ibikorwa bya gisilikari byose by’ingabo z’igihugu EX FAR yagizwe umwere nawe nyuma yuko agaragaje ko amataliki n’isaha bamushinjkagaho kugira uruhare mu bikorwa bya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi yari hanze y’igihugu mu mahugurwa.

6. Ubuhumane (Intoxication)

Nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 86 y’itegeko riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange Uwitesheje ubwenge yabishatse mu gihe cyo gukora icyaha aryozwa icyaha yakoze n’ubwo yaba yaritesheje ubwenge atagambiriye gukora icyaha.

aha urugero umuntu ashobora kunywa ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa inzoga nyinshi agata ubwenge mu gihe cyo gukora icyaha. Iyo ariwe ubyikoresheje ntabwo bivanaho ko aryozwa icyaha yakoze.

Iyo umuntu ahumanyijwe n’abandi bafite intego yo kumukoresha icyaha iki gihe itegeko rivuga ko impamvu z’uburyozwacyaha zivaho.

Mu mategeko mpuzamahanga nabwo iyi mpamvu yemerwa gusa iyo uwakoze icyaha yahumanijwe bidaturutse kuri we ubwe , iyo byangije ubushobozi bwe mu mitekereze bigatuma atamenya ko ibyo agiye gukora bitemewe n’amategeko bikamubuza kugenzura imyitwarire ye.

Izo mpamvu twagarutseho ni impamvu zituma hatabaho uburyozwacyaha , Impamvu zikuraho uburyozwacyaha, n’ubwiregure busanzwe bukoreshwa mu manza nshinjabyaha.

Izindi mpamvu ziteganywa mu Rwanda ni umwana ukoze icyaha ari munsi y’imyaka 14 y’amavuko. Birazwi ko imyaka y’uburyozwacyaha mu Rwanda ari imyaka guhera kuri 14 kuzamura, umwana ukoze icyaha ari munsi y’imyaka 14 ntabwo ashobora gufungwa ariko iyo hari ibyo yangije ntibikuraho ko ababyeyi be babiriha cyangwa bagatanga indishyi kuri byo.

Indi mpamvu iteganywa n’itegeko ni umuntu ukoze icyaha kubera kwibeshya bidashidikanywaho haba ku ngingo y’itegeko cyangwa ku gikorwa iyo uko kwibeshya gukuraho burundu ubushake bwo gukora icyaha.

Ubu buryo tugarutseho sibwo bwo nyine butuma hatabaho uburyozwacyaha cyangwa bukuraho uburyozwacyaha gusa kuko mu mategeko hari izindi mpamvu n’ubwiregure (Criminal defense) busanzwe bukoreshwa mu manza haba mu Rwanda no ku rwego mpuzamahanga , ubutaha tuzanagaruka no ku bundi buryo busanzwe bukoreshwa.

Ababyeyi bibukijwe ko kugaburira abana indyo yuzuye aribwo buryo bwonyine bwo gutegura imikurire yabo

Ibyo yabitangarije mu Karere ka Burera, ku wa Gatatu tariki 16 Kamena 2021, mu gikorwa u Rwanda rwifatanyijemo n’isi yose, cyo kwizihiza Umunsi w’Umwana w’Umunyafurika ku nshuro ya 31.

Minisitiri Bayisenge yagize ati “Ubuzima bw’umwana tuvuga ko bwitaweho mu buryo bufatika, igihe umugabo afatanyije n’umugore we kuva agisama; indyo ye ikitabwaho; aho igomba kuba ari indyo yuzuye irimo ibitera Ingufu, ibyubaka umubiri n’ibirinda indwara. Uru ruhare rwa bombi mu gufatanya ko bishyirwa mu bikorwa iyo rwitaweho, umwana ntiyigera apfapfana, bikoroshya ya mikurire ye myiza ituma azavamo umuntu uhamye”.

Mu kwizihiza Umunsi w’Umwana w’Umunyafurika muri uyu mwaka wa 2021, u Rwanda rwahisemo Insanganyamatsiko igira iti “Isibo, Igicumbi cy’imikurire myiza y’umwana”.

Ubutumwa bwahatangiwe, bwibanze cyane ku kwita ku mikurire y’umwana, abaturage bibutswa ko igihe umubyeyi utwite akwiriye kujya kwa muganga nibura inshuro enye, akirinda kunywa inzoga cyangwa itabi.

Ababyeyi basabwa kwirinda intonganya kubera ko bigira ingaruka mbi ku myitwarire y’umwana n’igihe akuze akaba yabafatiraho urugero rw’iyo myitwarire.

Ati “Murumva ko ibi umugore atabigeraho wenyine. Bisaba ubufatanye, ubwuzuzanye no gushyigikirwa n’uwo bashakanye. Ibi byose iyo byitaweho bifasha umwana uzavuka gukura neza haba ku mubiri, mu bwenge, no mu byiyumviro. Umwana witaweho gutyo ntagwingira; kandi akurana imbaraga n’ubwenge”.

Abajyanama b’Ubuzima bereka Minisitiri Bayisenge uko bapima imikurire y’abana

Muri iki gikorwa, abatuye mu Kagari ka Nyanamo, Umurenge wa Rugengabari mu Karere ka Burera, bafashijwe gukora uturima tw’igikoni, haterwamo imboga z’ubwoko butandukanye ndetse n’imbuto. Abana bari munsi y’imyaka itanu, bagaburiwe indyo yuzuye nk’ikimenyetso cyo kwereka ababyeyi ko kwita ku mirire y’abana bishoboka kandi bidasaba amikoro ahambaye.

Umuyobozi w’Akarere, Uwanyirigira Marie Chantal, agaragaza uko ikibazo cy’imirire mibi gihagaze mu Karere ka Burera n’ingamba bafashe mu kugikumira. Yemeje ko imiryango irangwamo imirire mibi n’igwingira atari uko ifite ubushobozi buke, ahubwo biterwa n’imyumvire iri hasi.

Ati “Ingo nyinshi zitunze inkoko kandi zinatera amagi, ariko hari imwe mu miryango yirengagiza agaciro ayo magi yagirira abayigize mu gihe baba bayariyeho, igahitamo kuyagurisha. Abafite inka zikamwa na bo usanga hari abamarira amata ku Isoko, umuryango yaturutsemo ugasigarira aho. Iyo migirire ni yo itera imirire mibi n’igwingira mu miryango imwe n’imwe”.

Yongeraho ati “Nk’Akarere dushyize imbaraga mu gukangurira abaturage bacu ngo babanze bihaze mu biribwa babone gusagurira amasoko. Ikindi ni uko Abajyanama b’Ubuzima n’izindi nzego zifite aho zihurira no kwita ku mwana, bashyira imbaraga mu kwigisha Abaturage ibigize indyo yuzuye, n’uburyo bwo kuyitegura. Ariko by’umwihariko tunabashishikariza kugira akarima k’agikoni no kuba kuri buri rugo nibura hateye ubwoko buri hejuru ya bubiri bw’imbuto, kugira ngo n’igihe bategura ya ndyo yuzuye, biborohere kubona ibikenerwa, kugira ngo iboneke”.

Abaturage bafashijwe gukora Uturima tw’igikoni ngo bibunganire guca imirire mibi mu bana

Mu bundi butumwa bwahatangiwe n’abayobozi batandukanye barimo n’Umuyobozi w’Intara y’Amajyaruguru, Nyirarugero Dancille, yashingiye ku nsanganyamatsiko y’uyu munsi, ashimangira ko bagiye kurushaho guharanira ko Isibo iba koko inkingi ya mwamba y’imikurire myiza y’umwana, binyuze mu gukangura imiryango kwirinda intonganya, amakimbirane n’ihohoterwa ririmo irishingiye ku gitsina, kubera ko bigira ingaruka mbi ku mwana, ku iterambere ry’umuryango n’igihugu muri rusange.

Nizeyimana Marc

Ni mu rubanza ruburanishwa n’urukiko rukuru urugereko ruburanisha ibyaha mpuzamahanga n’ibyambukiranya imipaka ruregwamo Paul Rusesabagina na bagenzi be.

Nizeyimana Marc, yabaye mu mutwe wa FDLR-FOCA, nyuma aza kujya mu mutwe wa MRCD-FLN ari na wo yafashwe abarizwamo ari mu basirikare bakuru b’uyu mutwe.

Aregwa ibyaha icyenda (9), birimo kujya mu mutwe w’iterabwoba no kuwubamo, ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi n’ibindi.

Yiregura kuri ibi byaha ku wa 29 Mata 2021, Nizeyimana Marc yemeye icyaha kimwe gusa ibindi byose arabihakana ndetse asaba ko yasubizwa mu buzima busanzwe nk’uko bikorerwa abandi barwanyi bahoze mu mitwe yitwara gisirikare cyangwa se akaburanira mu nkiko za gisirikare.

Ikindi ni uko ngo kuba yarasabye imbabazi ku bikorwa by’ubwicanyi byakorewe mu turere twa Nyaruguru, Nyamagabe na Rusizi atabikoreye uruhare yabigizemo ahubwo yabitewe no kubabazwa n’ubuzima bw’abantu bapfuye.

Ubushinjacyaha bwasabye urukiko kwemeza ko Nizeyimana Marc ahamwa n’ibyaha byose akurikiranyweho.

Bwasabye urukiko gushingira ku bisobanuro byatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha maze rukemeza ko Nizeyimana Marc yemera icyaha kimwe gusa mu byaha icyenda aregwa bityo ko ukwemera kwe kutuzuye kuko atemera ibyaha byose aregwa.

Ikindi kandi ngo ibikorwa akurikiranyweho bigize icyaha cy’ubugome bityo akaba atagabanyirizwa ibihano.

Hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 61, igika cya 3, agace ka mbere n’aka kabiri, z’itegeko no 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018, riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko impurirane mpuzamugambi ibaho, iyo igikorwa kimwe ubwacyo gikubiyemo ibyaha byinshi, cyangwa iyo ibikorwa bitandukanye, bigize ubwayo ibyaha bitandukanye, n’uko bihujwe n’uko bigamije umugambi w’icyaha kimwe cyangwa igikorwa kimwe.

Ubushinjacyaha busanga ibyaha Nizeyimana Marc akurikiranyweho, bigize impurirane mbonezamugambi kubera ko ari ibyaha bitandukanye, bihujwe n’uko bigamije umugambi w’icyaha kimwe.

Bityo hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 62, igika cya kabiri cy’iryo tegeko, Ubushinjacyaha bukaba bumusabiye igihano ntarengwa giteganyijwe ku cyaha kirusha ibindi gukomera ari cyo igihano cyo gufungwa burundu.

Uwitonze Innocent, avuga ko ikoranabuhanga mu birebana n’irangamimerere rizoroshya uburyo ryakorwagamo

Iyo ntambwe igezweho nyuma y’igihe kinini cyari gishize abaturage binubira gusiragizwa mu gihe basaba ibyemezo by’irangamimerere, kugeza ubwo bifuje kenshi ko inzira binyuramo n’ibisabwa kugira ngo umuntu yemererwe guhabwa icyo cyemezo, byakurwa mu buryo butakijyanye n’igihe hagakoreshwa ikoranabuhanga.

Mutumwinka Delphine wo mu Karere ka Musanze, yigeze kumara amezi atanu ashaka icyemezo kigaragaza ko uwo bashakanye atakiriho, agaruka ku mvune byamuteye.

Agira ati “Icyo cyemezo nagisabwe na SACCO yari igiye kumpa inguzanyo. Nagiye ku Murenge ngo bakimpe, mbabwira itariki n’umwaka nasezeraniyeho byemewe n’amategeko, banshakisha mu bitabo byose by’irangamimerere barambura. Nanatanze ikirego mu rukiko, n’ubwisobanuro bwinshi babona kumpa uburenganzira bwo kugihabwa na bwo bintwaye igihe. Muri macye cyambijije icyuya!”

Ibyo bibazo kimwe n’ibindi byose byajyaga bigaragara muri serivisi z’irangamimerere, ngo bigiye gushyirwaho akadomo n’uburyo bushya bwo kwandika mu gitabo cy’irangamimerere cy’ikoranabuhanga, buteganywa gutangira gukoreshwa mu tugari n’Imirenge byo mu gihugu hose.

Abanditsi b’irangamimerere mu Mirenge igize uturere tw’Intara y’Amajyaruguru, Kigali Today yavuganye na bo kuri iyi ngingo, na bo bahamya ko ikoranabuhanga rizaborohereza mu kazi, kimwe n’ababagana bakeneye izo serivisi.

Nyinawumuntu Domitille, Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge wa Ngoma mu Karere ka Rulindo, akaba n’umwanditsi w’irangamimerere, avuga uburyo bwakoreshwaga bwatinzaga serivisi.

Ati “Uburyo twakoreshaga busanzwe twuzuza amakuru y’irangamimerere mu bitabo cyangwa tuyashakisha byatugoraga, bigacyerereza serivisi duha abatugana. Hari n’ubwo ayo makuru twayaburaga burundu kubera ko nk’ibitabo bya kera bitagihari n’ibibonetse ugasanga bibitse amakuru atuzuye. Ariko kubera ko tuzaba dufite ikigega nyacyo cy’ikoranabuhanga, n’ubwo twahura n’icyiza nk’inkongi cyangwa ikindi kibazo cyatuma bya bitabo twagendanaga bibura, sisiteme ubwayo izaba ifite ubushobozi bwo kuduha amakuru yose ashoboka”.

Iryo koranabuhanga rizaba rifite ubushobozi bwo kubika amakuru yose y’inyandiko z’abavuka, abapfa, ishyingirwa, gusesa amasezerano yo gushyingirwa n’ubutane.

Uwitonze innocent, Umuhuzabikorwa w’Ishami rishinzwe gucunga Imishinga muri Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu, asobanura ko ingendo abantu bakoraga bashaka ibyemezo cyangwa kubibura bya hato na hato bitazongera kubaho.

Yagize ati “Ikibazo cyari kimaze igihe kidukomereye, ni ukubura kw’amakuru y’irangamimerere ry’abantu bakuru. Kubera ko byakozwe cyera, ikoranabuhanga ritaratera imbere. Kubera n’amateka y’igihugu cyacu cyegiye kirangwa n’umutekano mucye, hari aho ibitabo byabuze burundu, ahandi impapuro zirangirika, bigatwara igihe kinini no kwiyambaza izindi nzego mu gusakisha ukuri kw’ayo makuru”.

Yongeraho ati “Iri koranabuhanga rije gukemura ikibazo cyo gusiragira kw’abaturage. Ukeneye serivisi y’irangamimerere azaba abasha kubikorera aho ari, bitamusabye gukora urugendo. Ahubwo azajya akoresha ikoranabuhanga aciye ku Irembo, asabe icyangombwa yifuza, umukozi uri mu biro by’irangamimerere ubifitiye ububasha, abanze agenzure muri sisiteme ubusabe bwe bitabasabye ko bombi baba bari kumwe imbona nkubone.

Ibyo ngo bizajya bifasha abakenera ibyangombwa by’irangamimerere kubibona byihuse kuko kubisaba bizaba byaciye mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga.

Abanditsi b’irangamimerere mu gihugu hose bamaze iminsi bongererwa ubumenyi mu gukoresha iryo koranabuhanga

Ku kibazo cyakunze kugarukwaho kirebana n’ibitabo byujujwemo amakuru y’irangamimerere mu myaka yo hambere bikaba byaragiye bibura burundu, ababyiyandikishijemo bikabavutsa amahirwe yo kutabonera igihe ibyemezo by’irangamimirere; kuri ubu hari uturere twatangiye inzira yo gukora urutonde rw’abafite ibyo bibazo, bakazafashwa gutanga ibirego mu rukiko, ari narwo ruzatanga uburenganzira bwo kubasubiza mu bitabo by’irangamimerere.

Mu kubaka ubushobozi bw’inzego zitanga serivisi z’irangamimerere, abanyamabanga nshingwabikorwa b’Imirenge n’abakozi mu biro by’irangamimerere bo hirya no hino mu gihugu bamaze iminsi bigishwa uko bazajya bakoresha iri koranabuhanga, bikaba biteganyijwe ko nibura guhera tariki 15 Nyakanga 2021, bazatangira gukoresha ubwo buryo.

Buzaba bwiyongereye ku bumaze igihe gito butangijwe mu bigo by’ubuzima mu gihugu hose, aho abana bahavukira cyangwa abantu bahapfira, amakuru aberekeyeho, ahita ashyirwa mu bitabo by’irangamimerere hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga.

Kaminiza ya Harvard muri USA

Mu mwaka w’amashuri 2019/20, muri rusange USA zakiriye abanyeshuri b’Abanyarwanda bagera ku 1.444, uwo akaba ari wo mubare munini cyane icyo gihugu cyari cyakiriye uhereye mu myaka ya za 1960, aho abantu babiri gusa bavuye mu Rwanda bagiye kwiga muri Amerika nk’uko bitangazwa n’urubuga ‘Erudera.com’ rukora ubushakashatsi ku burezi.

Nyuma y’ubwo byiyongere bwa 11.8 % mu mwaka w’amashuri wa 2019/20 ugereranyije n’imyaka yabanje, byatumye u Rwanda rushyirwa ku mwanya wa gatandatu mu bihugu by’Afurika yo munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara, hagendewe ku mubare w’abanyeshuri bohereza kwiga muri Amerika.

Dore imibare igaragaza uko abanyeshuri b’Abanyarwanda bagiye biyongera mu myaka y’amashuri yabanjirije 2019/20:

Mu mwaka w’amashuri wa 2011/12, bari Abanyeshuri 465
Mu mwaka w’amashuri wa 2012/13, bari Abanyeshuri 565
Mu mwaka w’amashuri wa 2013/14, bari Abanyeshuri 720
Mu mwaka w’amashuri wa 2014/15, bari Abanyeshuri 800
Mu mwaka w’amashuri wa 2015/16, bari Abanyeshuri 928
Mu mwaka w’amashuri wa 2016/17, bari Abanyeshuri 1,088
Mu mwaka w’amashuri wa 2017/18, bari Abanyeshuri 1,232
Mu mwaka w’amashuri wa 2018/19, bari Abanyeshuri 1,292

Urubuga ‘Erudera’, ruvuga ko impamvu y’iyo mibare y’Abanyeshuri b’Abanyarwanda bajya kwiga muri Amerika, byaba biterwa n’uko Kaminuza zo muri Amerika zifite ubuhamya bwiza mu banyeshuri mpuzamahanga, hakiyongeraho imikoranire myiza hagati ya Guverinoma z’ibihugu byombi mu bijyanye n’uburezi bwo ku rwego rwa Kaminuza, kuko hari ‘Buruse’ nyinshi USA ziha Abanyeshuri b’Abanyarwanda.

Kuko umubare w’Abanyeshuri b’Abanyarwanda bajya kwiga muri Amerika wakomeje kwiyongera guhera mu 2006, Erudera ivuga ko umubare ushobora kuzamuka cyane kurushaho mu mwaka utaha, hashingiwe ku kuba 86 % bya Kaminuza zo muri Amerika zifite uburyo bushya zitangira kwigishamo mu mwaka utaha w’amashuri .

Intego ya ‘Erudera’ ni uguhindura uburyo abanyeshuri bashakisha za Kaminuza, n’amasomo baziga bakoresheje ikoranabuhanga, ikaborohereza gukora amahitamo bagendeye ku makuru arambuye, ndetse igafasha n’abandi banyeshuri bafite inzozi zo kwiga mu mahanga zikaba impamo.

Nk’uko bitangazwa na Erudera, “Mu gukoresha Erudera, abanyeshuri bazashobora kubona Kaminuza bifuza, kubona Porogaramu bahabwa kwiga hashingiwe ku byo bakunda, uko batsinze, ibyo bifuza kuzakora mu buzima n’ibindi. Yabafasha gushakisha no guhitamo neza, ugereranyije n’uburyo buhari muri iki gihe”.

Nsengimana Herman

Nsengimana ni uwasimbuye Callixte Nsabimana wiyita Sankara ku buvugizi bw’umutwe witwaza intwaro urwanya Leta y’u Rwanda wa MRCD-FLN, kugeza afashwe.

Uwo mugabo aregwa ibyaha bibiri, ari byo gutorerwa kujya mu mutwe w’iterabwoba no kuba mu mutwe w’iterabwoba.

Yiregura kuri ibi byaha muu rubanza rwo ku wa 29 Mata 2021, Nsengimana Herman yemeye ibikorwa bigize icyaha ariko ahakana ibyaha.

Ubushinjacyaha bwagaragarije urukiko rukuru urugereko ruburanisha ibyaha mpuzamahanga n’ibyambukiranya imipaka ko Nsengimana Herman yari yaremeye ibyaha aregwa mu Bugenzacyaha, mu Bushinjacyaha ndetse no mu rukiko ku ifunga n’ifungurwa ry’agateganyo.

Ubushinjacyaha bwasabye urukiko kwemeza ko Nsengimana Herman ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutorerwa kuba mu mutwe w’iterabwoba agahanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 10.

Bwasabye kandi ko rumuhamya icyaha cyo kuba mu mutwe w’iterabwoba agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20.

Ubushinjacyaha bwasabye kandi urukiko gusuzuma ubwiregure bwe maze rukemeza ko atemeye ibyaha bityo ntazagabanyirizwe ibihano.

Kubera impurirane y’ibyaha bigamije icyaha by’iterabwoba, ubushinjacyaha bwasabye urukiko ko Nsengimana Herman yahabwa igihano kiremereye, maze agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20.