Blog

“Protocol” ni uburyo cyangwa sisiteme y’amahame asobanutse agenga imyitwarire, imikoranire n’imyiteguro mu gihe cy’ibikorwa bitandukanye yaba inama, ubukwe, amateraniro, igitaramo n’ibindi. Ni mu rwego rwo gukurikirana neza gahunda y’ibikorwa no kubaha/kwakira neza abanyacyubahiro, abakuru cyangwa abashyitsi mu buryo bwihariye.

Buri muntu wese utegura igikorwa runaka, akenera itsinda rikora Protocol mu buryo bw’umwuga mu kwirinda akajagari. Protocol nziza igira uruhare runini mu migendekere myiza y’ibikorwa n’ibirori bitandukanye, akaba ari yo mpamvu abategura ibitaramo, inama n’ubukwe, bashishoza cyane mu guhitamo abanyamwuga mu kwakira neza abantu (Protocol).

Ntuvunike ushakisha abagufasha muri Protocol mu bikorwa uri gutegura kuko nkuzaniye amakuru utigeze wumvisha amatwi yawe y’abanyamwuga byahamye bazatuma ibirori byawe byirahirwa na buri wese. Uti ‘abo ni ni bande’?. Ni “Ihirwe Services & Protocol”, kompanyi nshya mu bya Protocol yiyemeje kuvugutira umuti ibibazo byose biri mu buryo abantu bakırwa.

Ubudasa bwa Ihirwe Services & Protocol buruzuzanya n’ibyagarutsweho n’inzobere mpuzamahanga mu kwakira abantu, Diane Brown, wagiriye abantu inama ikomeye akabasaba guha agaciro cyane ibijyanye na Protocol. Nk’uko tubicyesha FIU College of Arts, Science and Education, yaragize ati: “Ntugashyireho gusa icyumba, shyiraho uburambe”.

Diane Brown yumvikanishije ko Protocol nziza atari umuhango wo gushyiraho ahantu runaka hari bukoranire abantu, ahubwo ubunyamwuga n’uburambe ni ingenzi mu kwakira neza abantu ibizwi nka Protocol. Hakenewe serivisi nziza mu kwakira abantu no kubakirana ubwuzu n’akanyamuneza nk’uko biri gukorwa na Ihirwe Services & Protocol iri kwirahirwa na benshi.

Nubwo mu Rwanda hari kompanyi nyinshi zikora ibijyanye na Protocol, hari impamvu nyinshi zo gukorana na Ihirwe Servies & Protocol yashinzwe na Sandra Amahirwe usobanukiwe neza ibijyanye no kwakira abantu dore ko amaze imyaka myinshi abyina mu Inganzo Ngari imaze kogoga amahanga bayaratira u Rwanda. Aho hose yaharahuye ubumenyi n’ubunararibonye muri Protocol.

Mu kiganiro na inyaRwanda, Sandra Amahirwe yavuze ko umwihariko wa Ihirwe Services & Protocol ari ugutanga serivisi nziza “zihumura”, gutanga akazi ku rubyiruko ruzakorana n’iyi kompanyi. Yavuze ko yayishinze mu ntangiriro za 2025 nyuma yo “kubona ibirori byinshi tubyinamo bikeneye Protocol kandi mu buryo bunoze”.

Uyu mukobwa usanzwe ari umushabitsi mu mwuga w’ubudozi, akaba afatwa nk’ishyiga ry’inyuma mu Inganzo Ngari, yakomoje ku mvugo ivuga ko “akanyoni katagurutse ntikamenya iyo bweze”, yitsa ku bijyanye na Protocol yarahuye mu Buhinde akubutsemo mu mezi macye ashize.

Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Ihirwe Services & Protocol, Sandra Amahirwe

CEO wa Ihirwe Services & Protocol, Amahirwe Sandra yavuze ko yasanze u Buhinde burusha u Rwanda “kwishimira abantu babagana – bagira ubwuzu cyane, kandi bakora ibishoboka ngo bakubonere ibyo wifuza vuba bishoboka”. Ati “Ntabwo wagenda batakubajije ikitagenze neza ngo bagikosore (bakunda feed-back), bakorera ku gihe”.

Icyakora n’ubwo bimeze gutyo hari ibyo yasanze barushwa n’u Rwanda. Ati “Ariko tubarusha isuku”. Ibyo yarahuye mu Buhinde, yiyemeje kubyinjiza mu Rwanda abinyujije muri kompanyi ye Ihirwe Services & Protocol, ubu bakaba bari kwakirana ubwuzu ababagana, kandi bakishimira kubwirwa ibitagenze neza kugira ngo bikosorwe.

Niba ufite inama, ubukwe, igitaramo n’ibindi birori binyuranye, ntuhangayike wibaza uburyo bizakorwamo ngo bigende neza utaba iciro ry’imigani, gana Ihirwe Services & Protocol, abanyamwuga bizewe mu bijyanye na Protocol. Bandikire kuri Instagram: @ihirwe_service_protocol cyangwa ubahamagare kuri telefone ariyo: +250787611095.

Sandra (ibumoso) hamwe na mugenzi we bakorana muri Ihirwe Services & Protocol

Ihirwe Services & Protocol yahize kwakira abantu neza byo ku rwego rwo hejuru

Ubunyamwuga n’uburambe ni byo Ihirwe Services & Protocol yubakiyeho

Sandra avuga ko urubyiruko rwinshi ruzabona akazi muri kompanyi ye ya Protocol

Ihirwe Services & Protocol ibarizwamo abakobwa b’uburanga n’abasore b’ubukaka

Sandra Amahirwe yamamaye mu Itorero Inganzo Ngari rimaze kubaka ibigwi mu Rwanda

Ibi ni byo byagarutsweho mu bugenzuzi bwakozwe na RSB mu Karere ka Karongi kuri uyu wa Gatatu tariki 26 Werurwe 2025, aho basuye sitasiyo icuruza lisansi na gaze, bareba niba iminzani ikoreshwa yubahiriza ibipimo byemewe.  

Kabalisa Placide, umukozi mu ishami rishinzwe ingero n'ibipimo muri RSB, yasobanuye ko mu bugenzuzi bakora, bareba niba iminzani ikoreshwa mu bucuruzi bunyuranye ikora neza kandi yujuje ubuziranenge. Iyo basanze umunzani ufite ibipimo nyabyo, bawushyiraho ikirango cya RSB kibyemeza, bityo bigaha icyizere abaguzi ko ibyo baguze byuzuye.  

Yagize ati: 'Tubagenzura mu kwezi kwa Mutarama tukongera mu kwa Nyakanga, ni ukuvuga nyuma y'amezi atandatu. Iyo umuntu acuruje atagira kiriya kirango, ahanishwa amande ari hagati ya 500,000 Frw na 2,000,000 Frw nk’uko amategeko abiteganya.'

Murinzi Céléstin, uyobora sitasiyo ya Kobil i Karongi, yavuze ko kugira ngo abakiriya babeho batekanye, bereka buri mukiriya ko bafite icyemezo cya RSB, ndetse bakabanza gupima gaze cyangwa lisansi mbere yo kuyigurisha.

 Ati: 'Ntabwo bikunze kubaho ko abakiriya banenga gaze yacu, kuko mbere yo kuyibaha turayipima tukabereka ibiro nyabyo.'

Irizerwa Emmanueline, Umuyobozi mu Ishami Rishinzwe Ibipimo n'Ingero muri RSB, yasobanuye ko kudakurikiza ibipimo byemewe bishobora guteza ibibazo bikomeye, harimo no guturika kw'amacupa ya gaze kubera uburemere burenze ubwo icupa ryemerewe gupakira.  

Ati: 'Tuba tugira ngo niba usabye ibilo 15 uhabwe ibilo 15, niba usabye ibilo 20 uhabwe ibilo 20. Kubera ko Gaz ari ikintu gikoreshwa cyane mu ngo z’Abanyarwanda, tubikora kugira ngo dufashe muri ubwo bucuruzi.'

Muri gahunda yo gukumira ayo makosa, RSB isaba abaguzi gusuzuma neza ko Gaz baguze yujuje ibiro basabye, bakareba niba umunzani ukoreshwa ufite ikirango cya RSB.

Irizerwa yongeyeho ati: 'Iyo umuturage abonye ibiro bidahuye n'ibyo yishyuye, yemerewe kwanga iyo Gaz no kubimenyesha RSB.'

Murinzi Céléstin yavuze ko mbere yo kugura Gaz, abaguzi bashishikarizwa kuyipimisha kugira ngo hatabaho impaka nyuma. Ati: 'Uje gutwara Gaz turayimupimira. N'iyo atabisabye natwe ubwacu turabikora, kugira ngo adashidikanya ku byo aguze.'

RSB isaba abacuruzi gukoresha iminzani yujuje ubuziranenge

Kabalisa Placide yavuze ko umucuruzi wese ucuruza Gaz agomba kugira umunzani wagenzuwe na RSB, kandi ukagira ikirango cy'ubuziranenge. Iyo umuguzi asanze Gaz ye itujuje ibipimo byanditseho, yemerewe kwanga kuyitwara no kubimenyesha RSB.  

Ni mu gihe Abaturarwanda bose basabwa kwita ku bipimo n’ingero mu bikorwa byabo bya buri munsi, byaba iby’ubucuruzi, inganda, ubuhinzi, ubworozi n’ibindi, bazirikana kureba niba ibipimo byuzuye mu rwego rwo kurema icyizere mu baguzi.

Abaguzi bashobora gutanga ibitekerezo cyangwa ibirego ku bucuruzi budakurikiza ibipimo byemewe binyuze ku murongo utishyurwa wa RSB wa 3250 cyangwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga zemewe z'iki kigo.  

RSB yibutsa ko ikirango cyayo ku munzani kimara umwaka umwe, bityo abacuruzi bagomba kugenzurirwa buri mwaka kugira ngo bakomeze gutanga serivisi zizewe kandi zifitiwe icyizere.  

Iki gikorwa cy’ubukangurambaga gikomereje mu turere dutandukanye, aho RSB izakomeza gusura sitasiyo, ingand n'amasoko kugira ngo abaguzi bahabwe ibicuruzwa bifite ubuziranenge, birinde igihombo, ndetse hirindwe n’ibindi bibazo byose byaterwa n’ubucuruzi butanyuze mu mucyo.

RSB iri mu bukangurambaga bwo kurwanya iminzani idakora neza kuko iteza igihombo gikomeye umuguzi n’umucuruzi

Kabalisa Placide ukorera RSB, yatangaje ko buri mwaka hagenzurwa iminzani hagamijwe kureba niba igikora neza kandi yujuje ubuziranenge

Umuyobozi mu ishami rishinzwe ibipimo n’ingero muri RSB, Irizerwa Emmanueline yavuze ko kudakurikiza ibipimo byemewe mu bucuruzi bishobora guteza ibindi bibazo bikomeye 

Amategeko avuga ko umucuruzi ufashwe akoresha umunzani utagira ikirango cya RSB ahanishwa amande ari hagati y’ibihumbi 500Frw na miliyoni 2Frw

Umwami Mutara III Rudahirwa ni we mwami wa mbere w'u Rwanda wabatijwe muri Kiliziya Gatolika, mu 1943 yitwa Charles Léon Pierre.

Ibi Dr. Bizimana ubwo yaganirizaga urubyiruko i Kigali muri gahunda yiswe 'Rubyiruko menya amateka yawe' ku wa 25 Werurwe 2025, yavuze ko Mutara III Rudahigwa yabatijwe ashaka kugaragaza ko akunze Kiliziya Gatolika yari ifite ingufu nyinshi mu butegetsi icyo gihe, ariko ari amayeri yo kureshya Abakoloni ngo bashobore gukorana.

Ibyo byose Rudahigwa yabikoze nyuma y'umwaka wa 1931 ubwo se Yuhi V Musinga yari amaze gutanga, aho yari yaraciriwe muri Repubilika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC) azira kurwanya Abakoloni b'Ababiligi bakoloniziga u Rwanda.

Rudahigwa amaze kwimikwa nyuma y'urupfu rwa se yasanze nahangana n'Abakoloni mu buryo bweruye na we atazamara kabiri batamwivuganye.

Rudahigwa yahereye ku kwemera kubatizwa ndetse ahitamo amazina atatu yose y'idini aho kuba izina rimwe nk'ibisanzwe ariko yari afite impamvu ayashaka yose.

Dr. Bizimana ati 'Rudahigwa yari umuhanga. Yararebye abona kugira ngo abazungu babone ko yemeye gukorana na bo ari ugufata amazina atatu ya batisimu kandi ubundi dufata rimwe. […]. Rudahigwa we yafashe atatu yiyita Charles Léon Pierre.'

Ayo mazina atatu yarimo Charles rikomoka kuri Charles Voisin wari Gouverneur Général w'u Rwanda u Burundi na RDC, irya kabiri ari Léon yakomoye kuri Musenyeri Léon Paul Classe wari Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Kiliziya Gatolika mu Rwanda ndetse na Pierre wari Vice Gouverneur Général w'ibyo bihugu bitatu.

Uko guhitamo inyabutatu y'amazina y'abantu bakomeye bayoboraga ibyo bihugu byazamuriye Rudahigwa kwiyegereza abazungu bituma ubutegetsi bwa gikoloni n'ubwa Kiliziya butangira gukorana na we.

Ati 'Nyuma yaho kugira ngo Kiliziya Gatolika imwereke ko ibyakiriye, uwari Papa icyo gihe yamwoherereje impeta y'ishimwe asaba intumwa ye yabaga i Kinshasa […] aza kuyimwambika ubwe mu 1946 haba misa ikomeye yo kwakira iyo mpeta i Kabgayi.'

Dr. Bizimana yavuze ko ikindi Umwami Rudahigwa yakoze mu kureshya abakoloni ari ugutura u Rwanda Kiliziya agasa nk'aho we yiyambuye inshingano zo kuyobora igihugu.

Ati 'Kwemeza ko utuye u Rwanda Kristu Umwani bisa nk'aho wowe uba wiyambuye ubwami bwawe kuko Umwami w'u Rwanda ni we nyine mwami w'igihugu. Yari ayobotse Kiliziya Gatolika byuzuye.'

Ibyo amaze kubikora mu 1948, Rudahigwa yatangiye gukora impinduka zo kumvisha abazungu bakolonizaga Abanyarwanda abereka ibikorwa bibi bikwiye guhagarara aho nk'inkoni zitwaga ikiboko abakoloni bakubitaga uwananiwe gukora ibyo bamutegetse zavuye kuri 25 zijya ku munani kuko na bo bari bazi ko ari bibi.

Ati 'Ikiboko cyari kibi kuko nka Kiliziya ya Sainte Famille yubatswe bwa mbere i Kigali yubatswe mu gihe ahantu havaga amatafari [ahiye] yo kubaka Kiliziya hari i Kabgayi. Abaturage bavaga i Kigali n'amaguru bakajya i Kabgayi kuzana amatafari yo kubaka Kiliziya. Ab'i Kabgayi na bo bayazanaga i Kigali n'amaguru bayikoreye bagasubirayo. Habaga hari umuntu ugenda ubaherekeje n'amaguru agenda areba abananiwe bagakubitwa za nkoni [ikiboko]. Ni byo Rudahigwa yerekaga abazungu ati 'ibi si byo'.'

Rudahigwa yakomeje kumvisha abazungu ko ikiboko ari ikibi ndetse gisiga isura mbi Kiliziya Gatolika baza kugeraho bagikuraho.

Ikindi Rudahigwa yakoze mu kuvuguruza Abakoloni ni ugushyira abana bose mu mashuri hatagendewe ku moko by'umwihariko muri Groupe Scolaire Officiel (GSO) i Butare ndetse no guha akazi abantu bose hagendewe ku bushobozi.

Ati 'GSO ryari ishuri ry'Indatwa rigenewe gutegura abazajya gukora mu butegetsi ariko Rudahigwa ni we wa mbere washyize abana b'Abahutu mu Ishuri ry'Indwata bigana n'Abatutsi; abana b'abahanga bose barigana. Ivangura abakoloni bazanye yagiye arica gutyo. Ndetse Rudahigwa mu gihe cye yatangiye guha akazi abantu b'abahanga atagendeye kuri ya moko abazungu bari barashyizeho. Umwe mu bamenyekanye cyane ni Mbonyumutwa yagize Sous-Chef mu Karere ka Muhanga.'

Umwami Rudahigwa kandi mu 1950 yashinze ikigega yise Fond Mutara akajya akusanya amafaranga agenewe abana bagize amanota meza mu mashuri yisumbuye bakajya kwiga kaminuza mu mahanga kuko nta yabaga mu Rwanda.

Ibyo yabikoze mu gihe u Bubiligi mu nshingano bwari bwaremeranyijwe na Loni mbere yo kuragizwa u Rwanda hari harimo kurugeza ku burezi bukwiye nyamara kaminuza ya mbere yatangiye mu 1963 barageze mu Rwanda mu 1916.

Ibyo byose ariko Umwami Rudahigwa yakomeje kubikora Abakoloni b'Ababiligi ntibyabashimisha byiyongeraho no guharanira Ubwigenge bw;u Rwanda noneho bamutega umutego ngo ajye i Bujumbura bategure ibyo urugendo yagombanga kugirira mu mahanga.

Kuko ibyo byasabaga kubanza kwipimisha Rudahigwa yagezeyo ajya kureba muganga ngo amutere urushinge ariko bari babivuganyeho n'abo babiligi amutera ururimo uburozi arapfa mu 1959.

Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa ni we wa mbere waharaniye ko Abanyarwanda bose basubirana uburenganzira bari barambuwe n’abakoloni

Ni ishuri riherereye mu gice cy'icyaro mu Mudugudu wa Gahengeri, Akagari ka Kadaho, Umurenge wa Cyabakamyi, mu Karere ka Nyanza, bikavugwa ko ari ryo shuri riri kure mu karere kose.

Urebesheje amaso ubona imiryango 12 y'ubwiherero, bukoreshwa n'abanyeshuri 1158 biga muri iki kigo. Uretse umubare wabwo ugaragara nk'aho ari muke, bigaragara ko bwamaze kuzura kuko aho umwanda ugeze ari nka santimetero nka 40 uvuye hejuru.

Bamwe mu banyeshuri biga aha baganiriye na IGIHE tutifuje gutangaza amazina yabo, bavuze ko ari ikibazo kibabangamiye cyane ku buryo bamwe bajya no ku ishuri baseta ibirenge kuko baba bazi ko bagiye kwirirwa ahantu hari umwuka mubi cyane.

Umwe muri bo yagize ati 'Buriya bwiherero buranuka cyane, nta miti bakoresha iyo bari kubukoropa, kandi bwaranuzuye, urebye sinibuka igihe baherukira kubuvidurira. Umunuko wabwo uba udusanga mu ishuri igihe cyose.'

Mugenzi we na we wiga mu rindi shuri, yavuze ko byageze aho bahindura icyumba cy'ishuri bigiramo kugira ngo barebe ko bakoroherwa n'umunuko wabateraga mu ishuri bari kwiga.

Ati 'Twe byasabye ko batwimura, kuko iyo twakinguraga urugi rw'ishuri twigiragamo mbere haranukaga cyane, bituma bahatwimura.'

Uyu munyeshuri, avuga ko atajya yumva hari umuyobozi n'umwe ku ishuri ryabo ukomoza kuri iki kibazo, akavuga ko na we atazi uko bizarangira.

Umuyobozi wa GS Gahengeri, Rudahunga Ibonwa Marie Alice, yemera ko koko ubu bwiherero bubangamiye ababukoresha bose, ariko akavuga ko gahunda yo kubuvidura yabaye ihagaze kubera gutinya ko ababikora bagiriramo ibyago, bakaba bitegura kwandikira akarere ngo kabe ari ko gatanga uburyo bwo kuvidura ubwiherero butekanye.

Rudahunga yavuze ko batinze kwandikira akarere kuko babonaga igihembwe kigiye kurangira, akavuga ko byakorwa mu biruhuko by'igihembwe cya kabiri, abanyeshuri bakazasubira kwiga byarakemutse.

Umuyobozi w'Akarere ka Nyanza, Ntazinda Erasme, yabwiye IGIHE ko ikibazo cy'iri shuri kimaze igihe ndetse igikenewe cyane ari ukongera umubare w'ubwiherero buhari kuko ubukoreshwa ari buke.

Yavuze ko bagiye gufasha iri shuri vuba kugira ngo ubwo buhari buvidurwe, mu gihe bagitegereje ko Minisiteri y'Uburezi (MINEDUC) ibafasha kubaka ubundi bushya bwunganira ubuhasanzwe.

Ati 'Ku bufatanye na MINEDUC, iyi ngengo y'imari y'umwaka utaha tuzabongerera ubwiherero, ariko hagati aho mu kubafasha, tuzaba tuviduye ubuhari kugira ngo bugire isuku.'

Amakuru IGIHE yamenye ni uko ubwiherero bwubakwa mu mashuri muri ibi bihe, buba bufite icyobo gifite metero eshatu kuri eshatu, kugira ngo bizorohe kubuvidura igihe bwuzuye, ndetse ngo buri mezi atatu buba bugomba kuvidurwa.

Gusa ariko, icyo gihe kijya kirenga kubera impamvu zitandukanye bamwe badatinya kuvuga ko ari uburangare bw'inzego bireba.

Ibi byiyongera ku kuba iri shuri nta mazi rifite, kuko abaryigaho bakijya kuvoma mu kabande.

Umunuko uba ari wose muri ubu bwiherero kubera ko bwuzuye

Ubu bwiherero kubujyamo ni ukwigengesera kubera isuku nke cyane iharangwa

Ibi byabaye mu gitondo cyo ku wa 26 Werurwe 2025, mu kagari ka Rugasa mu mudugudu wa Murambi.

Amakuru agera kuri IGIHE ni uko inka ebyiri zatemwe ari iz'umuturage witwa Bagirubwira Pascal w'imyaka 69, yororeraga mu gikumba giherereye mu wundi mudugudu.

Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w'Umusigire w'Umurenge wa Ruhango, Bembereza Issa yahamirije IGIHE ko Barayavuga yatawe muri yombi.

Ati “Barayavuga ukekwa yafashwe, ashinjwa n'uwatemewe inka kuko bari basanzwe bafitanye amakimbirane. Ni ibikorwa bibabaje kandi bidakwiriye kuranga Abanyarwanda.”

Umuyobozi w'Inkeragutabara mu ntara y'Iburengerazuba, Brig. Gen. Nelson Rwigema mu kiganiro aherutse kugirana n'abaturage bo mu karere ka Rutsiro, mu Mirenge ya Kivumu, Kigeyo na Nyabirasi kuwa 12 Werurwe 2025, yagarutse ku bihungabanya umutekano w'abaturage birimo n'ubujura bw'amatungo n'urugomo rwo kuyatema.

Ati “Hari ibikorwa by'ubugizi bwa nabi aho abantu batema amatungo, ibi ni ukunyuranya n'amategeko, ibyo bikorwa bibi ndabigaye, ariko dukeneye gufata ingamba zo gukumira ibi bintu bidakwiriye.”

Yasabye abaturage gutangira amakuru ku gihe kugira ngo bakumire gitera y'ibi bibazo, harimo kuvugurura amarondo kuko adakorwa neza.

Urugomo rw’abatema inka mu bice bitandukanye rugenda rwiyongera

Mu mugoroba wo ku munsi wejo ni bwo Samir Slyvestre abinyujije ku mbugankoranyambaga ze yasezeye kuri Radio ya B&B Kigali FM yari amazeho imyaka ine.

Nyuma yo gusezera yatangaje ko yerekeje kuri RBA byumwihariko akazajya yumvikana cyane mu kiganiro cya siporo kizajya kinyura kuri Magic kitwa ‘ Magic Line up’.

Ntabwo ariwe gusa werekeje kuri RBA muri iki kiganiro ahubwo arikumwe na Mukiza Aderale na Dusabimana Aimable uzwi nka Mbappé bo bakoraga kuru Flash FM.

Ikiganiro cya Magic Line up kizajya kigaruka ku makuru ya siporo yo ku mugabane w’Iburayi kizajya kiba guhera ku wa Mbere kugeza ku wa Gatanu kuva Saa moya z’umugoroba kugeza Saa yine z’ijoro.

Kizajya cyumvikanamo n’abandi banyamakuru basanzwe bakorera RBA nka Rugaju Reagan na Lorenzo Christian Musangamfura.

Mukiza Aderale wakoreraga Flash FM yerekeje kuri RBA 

Dusabimana Aimable ‘Mbappe’ wakoraga kuri Flash FM yerekeje kuri RBA 

Samir Slyvestre wakoraga kuri B&B Kigali FM yerekeje kuri RBA 

Kuwa Kabiri tariki 25 Werurwe 2025, muri Lycee de Kigali habereye igikorwa cya 'Rubyiruko Menya Amateka Yawe' aho urubyiruko rusaga igihumbi rwaturutse mu turere twa Kamonyi, Muhanga, Bugesera, Nyarugenge, Gasabo na Kicukiro rwaganirijwe ndetse rugasobanukirwa amateka y'u Rwanda.

Dr. Bizimana Jean Damascene wari Umushyitsi Mukuru muri iki gikorwa, yavuye imuzi ibibazo bikomeye u Rwanda rwagiye rucamo ahanini bitewe n'ubukoroni. Dr. Bizimana avuga ko mu 1984 ubwo ibihugu by'i Burayi byagabanaga Afurika, Abadage baje mu Rwamda bakaza bagakorana n'ubuyobozi bahasanze.

Ikibazo gikomeye cyaje kuba ubwo abadage batsindwaga intambara ya mbere y'isi, mu 1916 bikemezwa ko u Rwanda, u Burundi na Namibia byamburwa u Budage ahubwo bigahabwa u Bubiligi akaba ari bwo bukoroneza ibyo bihugu byari byarakoronejwe n'u Budage.

Mu mpinduka za mbere Ababirigi bakoze bakigera mu Rwanda, harimo ko bazanye icyo bise itegeko ry'umurimo ryaje ritorohera abaturage. Aha byaterwaga nuko hari hakenewe kubaka ibikorwa remezo byinshi, ryarebaga umuntu mukuru wese udafite ubumuga. 

Aha icyakorwaga burimunsi wahabwaga umurimo ukora nko gukora umuhanda cyangwa ibindi, ari byo byitwaga igikonkwane. Umuntu utarabashaga gukora akazi yahawe uwo munsi yahanishwaga gukubitwa inkoni arizo zitwaga ibiboko, aho yakubitwaga inkoni 25.

Zimwe mu ngero Dr. Bizimana Jean Damascene yatanze zigaragaza uburyo icyo gikonkwane abaturage bahabwaga yabaga ari imirimo ivunanye cyane, nuko nko mu kubaka Kiliziya ya St Famille iri mu mujyi wa Kigali amatafari yakurwaga i Muhanga kandi abayazana bakayazana bayikoreye ku mutwe bagenda n'amaguru.

Nyuma yo kubona ko ibyo u Bubiligi buri gukora atari byiza, mu 1924, Umuryango w'Abibumbye wagiranye amasezerano n'icyo gihugu ko bakwiye gukora ibintu bitatu ari byo gufasha abenegihugu kugera ku bwisanzure buzatuma babona ubwigenge, gufasha igihugu kuzagera ku iyubahirizwa ry'uburenganzira bwa muntu nta vangura na rimwe, ndetse, kugeza ibihugu bafite ku burezi bwa bose no kunoza imibereho y'abaturage. Dr. Bizimana avuga ko ibyari bikubiye muri ayo masezerano muri rusange ari kugeza igihugu ku iterambere.

Dr. Bizimana yakomeje avuga ko ikindi kintu kibi cyane ababiligi bazaniye abanyarwanda ari amacakubiri, bakaza bahindura uko abanyarwanda bafataga ibyiciro by'Abahutu n'Abatutsi.

Ati: 'Kugira ngo bashobore gutegeka u Rwanda bazanye amacakubiri, banashingira ku macakubiri yari iwabo. Iwabo bafite amoko abiri aba-framands n'aba-Waloons. Aba-Waloons ni bake, aba-framands bakaba benshi. Bageze rero no mu Rwanda aba-framands bibonye nk'abahutu kuko iwabo nabo umwuga bakoraga cyane cyane wari ubuhinzi, hanyuma baje basanga mu Rwanda uwo bita umuhutu ni umuhinzi. 

'Hanyuma abakoroni baje ari aba-Waloons kuko bo iwabo bifataga nk'ubwoko budakora imirimo ivunanye, bagakora indi ariko badahinga, nabo bibona mu batutsi kuko imirimo bakoraga yari iyo korora.'

Dr. Bizimana Jean Damascene yasobanuriye urubyiruko amateka y’u Rwanda

Minisitiri Dr. Bizimana Jean Damascene avuga ko abanyarwanda bibonaga nk'abantu bamwe dore ko mbere washoboraga kuba wari umututsi ugakena ugahita uba umuhutu, ariko Ababirigi baje bakabigira amoko bakagaragaza ko badateye kimwe ndetse ko badakomoka hamwe kugeza aho abantu bangana bakanicana.

Yakomeje asobanura uko ababiligi bakomeje kurema amacakubiri bigisha ko abatutsi ari abantu bazi ubwenge mu gihe abahutu ari abantu baraho gusa, ari nabyo byatumye bakora amashuri atandukanye. Muri aya mashuri hatoranywaga abatutsi bakabashyira mu mashuri meza, abahutu bemeye kwiga nabo bakabashyira ukwabo, gahunda yamaze imyaka isaga 30.

Ibi ni byo byatumye akenshi abisanga mu myanya ikomeye ari abatutsi kuko babaga barize neza ndetse n'abakoroni bemeza ko aribo bazi ubwenge, ku buryo bajya gutangira kumvisha abahutu ko abatutsi babakandamije byoroshye kuko wasangaga imyanya ikomeye harangwamo abahutu bake cyane.

 
Urubyiruko rusaga 1000 rwari rwakoraniye muri Lycee de Kigali

Nta kindi cyari kimurijije, ni uko Abaminisitiri muri Guverinoma ye, bari batinze guha inkunga Perezida Habyarimana yo guhangana na FPR Inkotanyi.

Umwami Baudouin w'u Bubiligi yabaye inshuti ikomeye ya Habyarimana kugeza ubwo FPR Inkotanyi yatangizaga urugamba rwo Kubohora igihugu mu Ukwakira 1990, agahatira Guverinoma ye gufasha Habyarimana.

Mu gitabo “A Throne in Brussels: Britain, the Saxe-Coburgs and the Belgianisation of Europe cyanditswe na Paul Beliën”, avuga ko ubwo Mobutu yatangiraga gutakarizwa icyizere mu myaka ya 1990, amaso Baudouin yayahanze Habyarimana wari inshuti ye kandi amubonamo gukomeza isura y'u Bubiligi mu Karere.

Icyo gitabo kivuga ko ubwo Baudouin yingingaga umwe mu baminisitiri ngo batange ubufasha kuri Habyarimana ahangane na FPR Inkotanyi, hari aho yageze ararira.

Byaje kurangira Guverinoma y'u Bubiligi yemeye gutanga abasirikare basaga 500 bo gufasha ingabo za Habyarimana ku rugamba.

Mu muhango wo gushyingura umwami Baudouin muri Kanama 1993, Perezida Habyarimana yashimagije cyane nyakwigendera, utarigeze uhwema 'kuduhangayikira' yungamo ati 'ntabwo tuzibagirwa uburyo yahoraga atitwayeho'.

Si ibyo gusa, reka tujye na mbere ho imyaka 40. Mu 1959, ubwo Abatutsi birukanwaga mu gihugu byakozwe n'Ababiligi, barangije bifashisha Abahutu batangira gutwika imitungo yose y'Abatutsi.

Guy Logiest wari Résident Spécial w'u Rwanda yari ahari, maze afata indege, azenguruka ikirere cy'u Rwanda yitegereza uko ako kazi kari gukorwa, akazi ko gutwikira Abatutsi.

Icyamubabaje ni kimwe, ni uko icyo gikorwa cyakozwe nta lisansi ihagije ihari ngo batwike hanini.

Umunyamateka Innocent Nizeyimana yigeze kubwira IGIHE ati 'Kwirukana Abatutsi mu 1959 byakozwe n'Ababiligi. Yego bifashishije Abahutu ariko bakubwira ko lisansi zo kujya gutwikira Abatutsi zatangirwaga kuri Teritwari, hari n'aho Guy Logiest wari Résident Spécial yivugira ubwe ko yabaga ari kugenda hejuru mu ndege akurikirana uko ibikorwa byo kwirukana Abatutsi bigenda, ngo akababazwa n'uko batari biteguye bihagije ngo babe bafite lisansi ihagije yo kubatwikira ku buryo iyo baba barabyiteguye, nta Mututsi wari gusigara mu Rwanda.'

U Bubiligi ni kimwe mu bihugu bibiri byakolonije u Rwanda, bwo n'u Budage. Ubwo u Rwanda rwabonaga ubwigenge mu 1962, Ababiligi ntibanyuzwe.

N'ikimenyimenyi, Guverinoma yagiyeho icyo gihe iyobowe na Kayibanda, yari igizwe n'Abaminisitiri icyenda n'abanyamahanga ba Leta 12. Igitangaje muri abo banyamabanga ba Leta, umunani bari Ababiligi.

Bigaragaza urwego rw'ubwigenge u Bubiligi bwateguriraga u Rwanda kuko bwakomeje kugira ijambo mu butegetsi bwarwo na nyuma y'ubwigenge. Umunsi u Rwanda rwanze ko iryo jambo rikomeza kwiganza, byahinduye isura, umubano urazamba.

Ku wa 17 Werurwe 2025, Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yahagaritse umubano wayo n'u Bubiligi, ishinja iki gihugu gito i Burayi, gukomeza kurangwa n'imyitwarire ya gikoloni no gukwiza ibihuha hose kigamije ko rufatirwa ibihano.

U Rwanda rushinja u Bubiligi kugira ukuboko mu mateka mabi y'igihugu yagejeje kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Hari amakosa menshi u Bubiligi bukwiriye kuryozwa, bitari ibya none byo kubangamira u Rwanda bijyanye n'ibibazo by'umutekano muke mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo.

Mu 1962, ingabo z'abakoloni zari zishinzwe kurinda u Rwanda zahinduwemo iz'u Rwanda ariko umubare munini ari uw'ababiligi ari nabo bazitegekaga.

Nyuma y'ibitero by'Inyenzi mu mpera ya 1963, Abatutsi b'imbere mu gihugu baribasiwe, cyane cyane abataravugaga rumwe n'Ubutegetsi.

Ingabo z'Ababiligi zakomeje kuba mu Rwanda na nyuma y'ubwigenge ndetse ni nazo mu 1963 zifashishijwe mu kwica Abanyapolitiki batavugaga rumwe n'Ubutegetsi bo mu mashyaka ya UNAR na RADER.

Tariki 24 Ukuboza 1963, hishwe abarimo Michel Rwagasana wari Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa UNAR, Afrika Etienne na Ncogoza Xavier bahoze muri Guverinoma ihuriweho, Perezida wa RADER, Bwanakweri Prosper, Ndazaro Lazare wayoboraga ikinyamakuru UNITé cya UNAR n'abandi.

Bishwe nta rubanza rubayeho, bicwa n'abasirikare b'Ababiligi nyuma y'uko ab'abanyarwanda banze kubikora.

Jeune Afrique yo ku wa 17 Gashyantare 1964, igaragaza ko abo banyapolitiki barashwe n'ababiligi barimo TURPIN wari Umuyobozi Mukuru ushinzwe umutekano, PIRATE wari umuyobozi wa Polisi n'uwitwa DURIEUX.

Mu 1973 nibo bari inyuma ya Coup d'etat yagejeje Général Major Habyarimana Juvénal ku butegetsi tariki ya 5 Nyakanga.

Mu makosa akomeye u Bubiligi bwakoze, gukoloniza u Rwanda biza ku isonga:

Mu 1916 nibwo Ababiligi bahawe u Rwanda ngo barukolonize nyuma yo gutsindwa k'u Budage mu ntambara ya mbere y'Isi yose.

Ubwabyo kuza mu Rwanda, kimwe n'ahandi muri Afurika nta bubasha bari babifitiye mu gihe nta bwumvikane bwabayeho n'abaruyoboraga icyo gihe.

Mu mategeko mpuzamahanga, ibihugu byose bigira ubusugire n'ubutavogerwa, nyamara kuza kw'Ababiligi mu Rwanda (tutibagiwe n'Abadage bari bahavuye), ntaho bitaniye n'ibyo Abanyaburayi bari gushinja u Burusiya muri Ukraine muri iki gihe.

Bananije Umwami Musinga kugeza bamuhitanye, na Rudahigwa wamusimbuye bamutera urw'ingusho

Ababiligi baje basanga u Rwanda ruyobowe n'Umwami Yuhi V Musinga ariko bamushyizeho amananiza, bamusuzuguza abaturage, yatanga itegeko bakamuvuguruza, bamucunaguza kugeza ubwo bamwirukanye mu gihugu.

Saa yine n'igice kuwa 14 Ukwakira 1931 nibwo Umwami Musinga na nyina Kanjogera n'abo mu muryango wabo, baciwe i Nyanza ibwami, boherezwa i Kamembe mu buhungiro.

Musinga yirukanywe mu gihugu cye ndetse mu kurenzaho agasuzuguro, bamusimbuza umwana we Mutara Rudahigwa. Byaje kurangira atangiye mu buhungiro ku wa 25 Ukuboza 1944 i Moba muri Congo.

Ntibashizwe, Rudahigwa byaje kurangira bamwivuganye atangira i Burundi mu rugendo rugana i New York gusaba ubwigenge bw'u Rwanda.

Murumuna we Kigeli Ndahindurwa yigeze kuvuga ati 'Ubwo yari muri Usumbura yahinduriwe umuganga wari usanzwe amuvura, amutera urushinge mbere y'uko agenda. Agisohoka mu biro bya muganga yikubise hasi. Twumvishijwe ko urupfu rwe rwabaye impanuka ariko mukuru wanjye ntiyari arwaye kandi nta n'isuzuma ry'umurambo ryakozwe.'

Mu byaha ndengakamere bakoreye u Rwanda, amacakubiri aza ku isonga kuko yagejeje kuri Jenoside. Nibo bazanye Ibuku, batangira kuyiha buri wese ufite imyaka 18, kandi bagashyiramo ubwoko bwe. Ibyo gupima amavuru n'ibindi mu kuvangura Abanyarwanda, byari ibyabo.

Mu 1958, Rudahigwa yasabye Ababiligi ko amoko yavanwa mu ndangamuntu agaragaza ko ateye ikibazo, Ababiligi barabyanga.

Iyi buku yabaye nka fotokopi y'ibyangombwa byagiye bitangwa na Repubulika ya mbere n'iya kabiri, kugeza mu 1994 ubwo indangamuntu irimo ubwoko yifashishwaga kuri bariyeri n'ahandi hose, mu kurimbura Abatutsi muri Jenoside.

U Bubiligi bwashyigikiye leta zaranzwe n'ivangura mu Rwanda, buba umubyeyi wa Batisimu wa Parmehutu bigeze mu 1994, busiga Abatutsi mu maboko y'Interahamwe kuko Ingabo zabwo zari mu butumwa bwa Loni mu Rwanda.

Ibyo byose birangiye, aho kugira ngo bubone ko bwakoze ikosa rikomeye mu mateka, bwahindutse indiri y'Abajenosideri n'abahakana Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi nk'abibumbiye muri Jambo Asbl.

Umugambi wabwo mubisha ku Rwanda, ubu ugeze ku gusaba Banki y'Isi, Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi n'izindi nzego, guhagarikira inkunga u Rwanda.

Col Guy Logiest wagize uruhare mu gushyira Parmehutu ku butegetsi no kumenesha Abatutsi mu gihugu

Kayibanda (iburyo), Habyarimana Juvenal n’umwe mu basirikare b’u Bubiligi

Mu 1965, Kayibanda ari kumwe n’abanyaburayi mu nama yari yabereye i Kigali

Kayibanda (uwa kabiri wambaye utwumvisho) yakunze kwifashishwa n’u Bubiligi nyuma yo kumufasha kujya ku butegetsi

Kayibanda yabaye inshuti y’u Bubiligi mbere y’Ubwigenge na nyuma yabwo, agakora ibiri mu nyungu zabwo

Umwami Musinga yacunagujwe n’Ababiligi kugeza ubwo bamucaga mu gihugu cye

Ubutegetsi bwa Rudahigwa bwajujubijwe n’Ababiligi kugeza ubwo yapfaga amarabira

Ibarura ryo mu 1931 ryakozwe n’Ababiligi ryashingiraga ku miterere y’umuntu n’ingano ye mu kwemeza ubwoko abarizwamo. Ni nabyo byashyirwaga mu Ibuku

Ibuku yagize uruhare mu kubiba amacakubiri mu Banyarwanda

Ubwo Abayobozi ba Parmehutu bahirikaga ubwami tariki 28 i Gitarama babifashijwemo n’u Bubiligi

Tariki 11 Mata 1994, ingabo z’u Bubiligi zasize ibihumbi by’Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri ETO’O Kicukiro, babasiga mu maboko y’Interahamwe