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Hari n’abatajya bibagirwa ibyababayeho n’amatariki byabereyeho

Benshi mu bari bafite imyaka iri hejuru ya 15 ku babaga mu Rwanda (nanjye ndimo), bari bazi amateka y’Abanyarwanda bahunze ubwicanyi bwo mu 1959 bagahungira mu bihugu by’abaturanyi, hashize igihe bashinga Umuryango FPR-Inkotanyi (1987), waje ndetse no gushyiraho ingabo zatangije urugamba rwo kubohora u Rwanda ku itariki 01 Ukwakira 1990.

Hagati y’umwaka wa 1989 n’umwaka wa 1990, imbere mu gihugu hari abantu bari baramaze kumenya gahunda z’Umuryango FPR-Inkotanyi washinzwe mu 1987 ushyizweho n’Abanyarwanda (biganjemo Abatutsi) bari barahunze ubwicanyi bwo mu 1959, ariko urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu benshi barumenye rumaze iminsi ibiri rutangiye, ku itariki 02 Ukwakira 1990 nyuma y’imyaka isaga 30 mu butegetsi bw’igitugu bwashyiraga imbere ivangura no kwica abatavuga rumwe na bwo.

Njye numvise ko Inkotanyi zateye nkumva bidashoboka, ariko naje kubisobanukirwa byimazeyo Inkotanyi zimaze gushyiraho Radio Muhabura ku itariki 20 Gicurasi 1991, kuko ari yo yatangaga amakuru y’urugamba nyayo ikanavuga ibikorwa by’ubugizi bwa nabi abantu bakorerwaga muri gereza no mu bice bitandukanye by’u Rwanda.

Urugamba rw’Inkotanyi rwatangiriye i Kagitumba ku itariki 01 Ukwakira 1990 ahahoze ari muri Perefegitura ya Byumba (Akarere ka Nyagatare), nyuma y’iminsi ine Leta ya Juvenal Habyarimana ishyira abasirikare mu mihanda barara barasa mu kirere, bukeye tariki 05 Ukwakira bazinduka bata muri yombi abaturage biganjemo Abatutsi cyane cyane mu Mujyi wa Kigali, babashinja ko ari bo baraye barasa, n’utari uzi uko imbunda isa yafunzwe abeshyerwa kurasa cyangwa ko abitse amasasu y’Inkotanyi.

Guta abantu muri yombi byarakomeje no mu myaka yakurikiyeho, abantu bakomeza gutotezwa no kubuzwa uburyo kugeza muri Mata 1994 hakorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Ndibuka ubwo twajyaga gushyingura Nyogokuru wanjye wari urwariye iwacu akitaba Imana mu matariki ya nyuma y’Ukwakira, twageze ku Kimisagara urenze ku ruganda rutunganya amazi rwa Electrogaz tugenda tugana ku irimbi, abasirikare baje badukurikiye bahagarika imodoka yari irimo umurambo badutegeka kuyifungura ngo barebe ko “tutari inyenzi” zijyanye imbunda ku musozi wa Kigali (Mon Kigali).

Icyo gihe haje abantu benshi baradushungera, tubwira abasirikare ko tugiye gushyingura umukecuru baranga bakomeze gutsimbarara ngo tuyifungure, tubabwira ko nta nyundo ifungura isanduku dufite, umwe muri bo atangira gukoresha icyuma cyo ku mbunda ngo akuremo imisumari, ariko abona twese twashobewe, ku bw’amahirwe baratureka tujya ku irimbi turashyingura ariko baduhagarikiye.

Abasirikare bataga muri yombi uwo babonye wese batitaye ku myaka y’umuntu, ari abato n’abakuru ariko cyane cyane ab’igitsina gabo bafite amarangamuntu yanditseho Tutsi, bashinjwa ko bafitanye isano n’amasasu yo mu ijoro ryo kuwa 04 Ukwakira, nyamara hari n’abatawe muri yombi mbere yaho bashinjwa ko “babitse imifuka y’amasasu y’inyenzi mu ngo zabo”.

Ubuhamya bwa Kayitana

Umusaza uri mu kigero cy’imyaka 80 utarifuje ko amazina ye ashyirwa ahagaragara, twahisemo kwita Kayitana, atuye ku Muhima mu Mujyi wa Kigali ari naho yari atuye mu 1990.

Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yahitanye babiri mu bana be batandatu, ubu abana n’umugore we n’abana babiri, abandi babiri barubatse.

Inkotanyi zitera u Rwanda, kwa Kayitana bari bafite umushyitsi mwene wabo wakoraga akazi k’ubushoferi ajya mu bihugu by’ibituranyi ariko cyane cyane muri Uganda. Hashize iminsi ibiri Inkotanyi ziteye ku itariki 03 Ukwakira, Kayitana yagiye kubona abona uwari konseye wa Muhima (Kamatamu Euphrasie) azanjye n’abantu mu rugo rwe bamubwira ko baje gushaka “inyenzi” ihari yavuye muri Uganda.

Mu buhamya bwa Kayitana aragira ati “Uwo mushyitsi, yari umwana wa mukuru wanjye, yari amaze iminsi mike aje kudusura, ariko umunsi baza kumushaka yari yagiye gusura Papa aho yabaga muri Kigali Ngali, ubwo konseye n’abo bagabo bamaze gusanga ntawuhari bantegeka ko tugomba kujyana nkabereka aho ari…

Ariko mbere yo kunjyana babanje kumanukana tujya kwa Muramu wanjye twari duturanye, bagiye kureba ko wa mushyitsi atari ho ari, bahageze basanga ntawuhari na bo barabanza babatera hejuru basaka ibintu byose babonye ngo barimo gushaka amasasu y’inyenzi nk’uko bari babigenje iwanjye…

Hashize akanya banyurije imodoka y’ikamyoneti y’umweru y’ibirahure byijimye, tugeze imbere gato mba mbonye wa mushyitsi, mpita mbambwira nti dore wawundi mwariho mumbaza nguriya, na we baba bamutaye muri yombi twembi baratujyana batugeza ahahoze hari ibiro bya perezida imbere ya Banki ya Kigali…

Tuhageze badushyize mu nzu nini itarimo ibintu batwicaza hasi, ubundi batangira kuduhata ibibazo, hanze hari abasirikare benshi bafite imbunda bagenda bazenguruka ya nzu batureba aho twicaye. Njye na wa mushyitsi ni twe twahageze bwa mbere ariko bakomeje kugenda bazana abandi urusorongo tugera mu bantu nka 20, ubwo uwahageraga wese yahatwaga ibibazo batubwira ko turi inyenzi kandi ko tugomba kubyemera …

Twiriwe aho duhatwa ibibazo batubaza imyirondoro, bakadutegeka kwemera ko tutari abantu nk’abandi, ko akacu kashobotse. Muri iyo nzu twahageze mbere ya saa sita bahatuvana ahagana saa kumi z’umugoroba, batujyanye muri minibisi turenga 20 kuri sitasiyo ya Police i Gikondo baradufunga, ariko ubwo ni ko bakomezaga no gufata abandi hirya no hino bakajya kubafungira muri sitade abandi muri gereza…

I Gikondo twahamaze iminsi itanu tutarya, tutanywa nta no gukaraba, tumerewe nabi cyane. Hari n’abo bagendaga batwara ntibagaruke, njyewe nkeka ko hari abo bahiciraga kuko aho twari dufungiye wajyaga kumva ukumva haje imodoka bakayinagamo ibintu wumva ko biremereye nk’imibiri y’abantu bapfuye…

Hashize iminsi itanu Alphonse Nkubito wari Umushinjacyaha wa Repubulika yaje kutureba aho twari dufungiye, abonye ukuntu twabaye nabi cyane abwira abapolisi ko bagomba kujya kudufungira ahantu habigenewe kugira ngo tujye tubona n’icyo kurya, nuko bamaze kudukorera amadosiye adushinja ibyo tutazi batwuriza imodoka batujyana kuri gereza nkuru ya 1930 tuhageze dusangamo abandi benshi tuziranye, barimo inshuti, abaturanyi na bene wacu…

Njyewe muri gereza nasanzemo abana ba mukuru wanjye babiri, umwe yari umwarimu i Gitarama, undi yari umushoferi ndibuka ko nkihagera meze nabi cyane kubera inzara, uwakoraga muri ORINFOR yampaye igiceri cya 50frw ngura igikoma cyatekwaga n’abanyururu basanzwe, bari barahakiriye cyane kuko batekaga igikoma bakakitugurishaho igikombe kimwe amafaranga 100, babaga bambaye amataburiya afite imifuka imbere, ubona ko huzuyemo ibifaranga.

Twakomeje kubaho gutyo dutunzwe n’igikoma kitagira isukari kimeze nk’amazi, hari n’abo cyarwazaga mu nda, hashize iminsi badutandukanya n’abandi banyururu, bafata igice basengeragamo nka kiliziya bashyiramo ikibambasi kihagabanyamo kabiri kugira ngo tutazivanga n’abandi banyururu…

Twabaye muri ubwo buzima nta kugemurirwa, nta gusurwa, hashize iminsi haza kuza abacamanza kudukorera indi myirondoro, ndibuka ko njyewe nari narababeshye ko ndi umugande ngira ngo ndebe byibuze ko bazanshyikiriza ambasade ya Uganda, kuko nibwiraga ko batari kugirira nabi umunyamahanga. Ibyo ariko ntacyo byatanze kuko n’ubundi nakomeje gufungwa, abo basangaga ari abanyamahanga na bo babajyanaga ukwabo…

Bakomeje kujya bagaruka bafite urutonde ruriho amazina yacu, bakatubwira ngo inyenzi zose zifungiye hano nimuze mujye kwitaba, ubwo bakatujyana mu biro byakoreragamo abacamanza kuri gereza bakatubwira ngo ibyacu bigiye kurangira, bamwe bakabatwara ntibagaruke, abandi tugasubira muri gereza bityo bityo, njye narekuwe ku itariki 23 Werurwe 1991 mpamaze amezi atanu n’iminsi, ariko wa mushyitsi sinzi igihe bamurekuriye, gusa icyo namenye ni uko nawe yaje kurekurwa agasubira muri Uganda ariko sinongeye kumenya amakuru ye. Nkeka ko ashobora kuba yaragiye mu Nkotanyi akagwa ku rugamba cyangwa se akaba yarishwe muri Jenoside”.

Abo bana Kayitana yarabareye se wabo, umwe yaje kujya mu nkotanyi ndetse abasha no kurangiza urugamba, ariko mukuru we yaje kwitaba Imana mu 1998 aho yari yaragiye mu Bubiligi nyuma yo gufungurwa.

Mu buhamya bwa Kayitana, akomeza agira ati “Baturekura baratubwiye ngo ngaho nimusubire iwanyu ariko mwikuremo ubwirasi, ngo mugende mwige kubana n’abandi, baturekura batyo ariko ubuzima bwakurikiyeho bwari bubi cyane kuko n’ubundi bakomeje kugaruka bakadushyiraho iterabwoba ndetse n’igihe narinkiri muri gereza, hari abantu bajyaga baza iwanjye gutesha umutwe umuryango wanjye bavuga ngo mu nzu harimo imifuka ibiri irimo amasusu, abandi bakarara batera amabuye hejuru y’inzu…

Umugore wanjye we yahuye n’akaga gakomeye kuko yari afite umwana w’uruhinja wavutse ndi muri gereza, atazi n’amakuru yanjye kuko konseye yaje kugaruka mu rugo rwanjye amubeshya ko napfuye, naje no kumenya ko urwandiko nigeze kumuha ngo arunzanire mu rugo atigeze arutanga, ntungurwa no kurubona nyuma ya Jenoside muri Nyakanga 1994, icyo gihe nari ngiye gushaka ibyangombwa kuri segiteri ya Muhima yari iyobowe n’umugabo twari twarafunganywe mu bo bitaga ibyitso by’inyenzi…

Nageze kuri segiteri ansaba ko mufasha gutunganya ibiro bye maze turebye mu mpapuro zari mu kabati ka konseye Kamatamu wari warahungiye muri Zaire kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside, mbona nguye kuri ya baruwa nandikiye umugore wanjye ntiyamugeraho. Ntabwo rwari urwandiko rusanzwe, ahubwo bwari nk’ubuhamya bari badutegetse kwandikira abo mu miryango yacu ngo tubabwire ko “dufunzwe tuzira ko turi inyenzi”.

Umugore wa Kayitana na we yibuka neza uburyo yabujijwe epfo na ruguru igihe umugabo we yari afunze kuko inshuro nyinshi konseye Kamatamu yakomeje kumushyiraho iterabwoba, ndetse aza no kumutegeka kwirukana abantu bose bakodeshaga amazu yabo avuga ko ari inyenzi bacumbikiye, agamije kugira ngo bazicwe n’inzara igihe Kayitana yari akiri muri gereza, dore ko n’inshuro zose umugore we yagerageje kumusura batigeze bamumuha.

Umugore wa Kayitana ati “Umunsi umwe nagiyeyo mpasanga abandi bantu benshi baje gusura abantu babo, noneho abashinzwe kuzana abanyururu ngo babonane n’ababo baratubwira ngo abaje gusura inyenzi nimujye ku ruhande, abaje gusura abanyururu basanzwe aba ari bo bajya ku murongo binjire, twebwe hashize akanya baratubwira ngo nidutange amafaranga baraza kuyabagezaho cyangwa tuvuge ibyo dushaka ko babagurira.

Ibyo babidukoze kenshi ariko amafaranga bayishyiriraga mu mifuka yabo, ndetse nyuma konseye yaje no kumbwira ko umugabo wanjye yapfuye ncika intege zo gusubirayo…

Nyuma ni bwo hano haje gucumbika umuntu wari umupolisi hashize iminsi aza kumbwira ko yabonye umugabo wanjye muri gereza ariko nta kintu nashoboraga kuba namutuma ngo amushyire kuko na we byari kumukoraho, nongeye kumubona nyuma y’amezi atanu arekuwe”.

Abantu barafunzwe, amezi arashira andi arataha, nyuma itangazamakuru ritangiye gutinyuka kwisanzura mu 1991, ryagerageje kubyandikaho ritabariza abafunze, cyane cyane ikinyamakuru kitwaga ‘Kanguka’ cyandikwaga na Rwabukwisi Ravy na Karinganire Charles bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Leta ya Habyarimana imaze kubona ko amahanga na yo atangiye kumenya ko hari abaturage bafunzwe ku maherere, ni bwo yatangiye kugenda irekura bake bake, abandi bakekwagaho gukorana n’inkotanyi kubera amasano bafitanye n’abagiye ku rugamba bagumamo kimwe n’abari bafite bene wabo bagiye kwiga cyangwa gukora mu mahanga.

Abantu bakomeje kubuzwa epfo na ruguru mu myaka yakurikiyeho bazizwa ubwoko, ingo zabo zigaterwamo ibisasu, bikozwe n’abasirikare ba leta bikitirirwa abajura cyangwa abagizi ba nabi batazwi.

Hari mukuru wanjye twakurikiranaga Gasana Gabin wishwe muri Jenoside, ndibuka mu 1991 mu rugo bamutumye amata, avuye kuyazana mu kajerekani k’umweru ahura n’abajandarume batatu baramuhagarika, bamubaza ibyo atwaye ababwira ko ari amata, banga kubyemera baramubwira ngo namene hasi barebe, undi arafungura arabereka ati “ese ntimubona ko ari amata?”

Bamutegetse kuyamena aranga batangira kumukubita ibibuno by’imbunda, akingisha amaboko arakomereka, ubwo kandi ni ko abantu babaga bashungereye. Mukuru wanjye yigaga Kung-Fu akunda siporo cyane kandi ubona ko ari umusore, umujinya umwishe abuze icyo akora arababwira ati “Simwe munkubise, nkubiswe n’iyo myenda mwambaye”.

Abajandarume bahise bahamagara imodoka yabo ya Fiat IVECO bajya kumufungira kuri kasho ya Muhima, ku bw’amahirwe haza guca umugabo wari inshuti y’undi mukuru wanjye (Gasana Gustave na we wishwe muri Jenoside), bakoranaga kuri ambasade y’Ababiligi, ageze hafi y’aho kasho yari yubatse (ubu hasigaye hari parikingi y’amabisi) abona Gabin mu idirishya, ahita ajya kuri ambasade abibwira Gustave ati “mbonye murumuna wawe bamufunze”, maze basaba ambasade ijya kumuvuganira baramufungura.

Ako kaga karakomeje kaba kuri benshi kugeza muri Mata 1994, nyuma y’ihanurwa ry’indege ya Habyarimana bikozwe n’agatsiko k’abahezanguni bo muri Guverinoma ye batashakaga ko ashyira umukono ku masezerano ya Arusha (Tanzania) yo gusaranganya ubuyobozi n’Inkotanyi n’andi mashyaka ataravugaga rumwe na MRND, ishyaka rya Habyarimana.

Ihanurwa ry’indege mu ijoro ryo kuwa 06 Mata 1994 ryahise rikurikirwa no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, mu kanya nk’ako guhumbya hafi igihugu cyose cyari cyamaze kugeramo ubwicanyi, mu mezi atatu gusa hicwa Abatutsi basaga miliyoni imwe n’Abahutu batavugaga rumwe n’ubutegetsi.

Ese bigenda gute mu mategeko kugira ngo umuntu agire uburenganzira bwo kuzungura cyangwa abwamburwe? Ese uwazimiye na we ashobora kuzungura iyo agifatwa nk’ukiriho? Hakorwa iki mu gihe izungura ridafite ba nyiraryo?

Ibi byose Kigali Today yabikusanyirije abasomyi bayo mu rwego rwo kubafasha kurushaho kumenya ibyo amategeko ateganya ku gikorwa cy’izungura.

Igikorwa cyo kuzungura gitangira iyo uzungurwa amaze gupfa, kikabera aho yari atuye cyangwa yabaga. Iyo habayeho kuzimira cyangwa kubura, izungura ritangizwa n’urubanza rutangaza urupfu rw’uwazimiye cyangwa rw’uwabuze.

Icyakora, izungura ry’abashyingiranywe ritangira ari uko bombi bapfuye cyangwa umwe yongeye gushyingirwa, keretse iyo itegeko ribiteganya ukundi.

Inama y’umuryango ni yo ishinzwe gukemura impaka cyangwa ibibazo mu muryango byerekeranye n’izungura, mbere y’uko bishyikirizwa Komite y’Abunzi cyangwa urukiko rubifitiye ububasha.

Ntawe uhatirwa kwemera kuzungura cyangwa gufata indagano yagenewe. Uzungura wese afite uburenganzira bwo kwemera cyangwa kwanga indagano. Kwemera izungura cyangwa indagano bikorwa ku mugaragaro. Iyo uzungura atagize icyo avuga kandi yaramenyeshejwe ko ari mu bazungura, bifatwa nk’aho yemeye kuzungura.

Kwanga kuzungura bigomba kugaragazwa kandi bigakorwa mu nyandiko. Iyo uzungura atazi cyangwa adashobora kwandika, ashobora kuvuga mu magambo ko yanze kuzungura mu gihe cyagenwe. Kwanga kuzungura bimenyeshwa abandi bazungura cyangwa bikamenyeshwa ushinzwe kwegeranya umutungo iyo hari uwagenwe imbere y’abatangabuhamya babiri.

Uzungura wanze kuzungura afatwa nk’aho atigeze ashyirwa mu bagomba kuzungura. Ntasabwa kwishyura imyenda ikurwa ku mutungo uzungurwa.

Iyo yemeye kuzungura, umuzungura wese agomba kuriha imyenda y’uwapfuye mu kigereranyo cy’uruhare agomba kubona ku mutungo uzungurwa.

Uwishyuye umwenda wose ashobora gusaba urukiko ko hahamagazwa abazungura kugira ngo bishyure uruhare rwabo kuri uwo mwenda.

Nyuma y’itangira ry’izungura, ugomba kwegeranya umutungo uzungurwa atoranywa mu buryo bwateganyijwe n’itegeko nº27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 rigenga imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura.

Iri tegeko rivuga ko, Izungura nta buzima gatozi rifite. Ushinzwe kwegeranya umutungo uzungurwa ni we ubazwa ibirebana n’izungura byose.

Ni bande bemerewe kuzungura n’abatabyemerewe mu mategeko?

Mu ngingo ya 53 y’iri tegeko nº27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 rigenga imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura, hateganya ko abahamagariwe kuzungura ari aba bakurikira.

Ushobora kuzungura ni umuntu ukiriho cyangwa uhagarariwe igihe izungura ryatangiraga, kimwe n’umwana ukiri mu nda, apfa gusa kuvuka ari muzima.

Uwazimiye na we ashobora kuzungura iyo agifatwa nk’ukiriho. Leta n’ibigo bya Leta cyangwa ibitari ibya Leta bifite ubuzima gatozi bishobora kuzungura hakurikijwe irage, iyo ibizungurwa bigizwe n’umutungo ushobora gutungwa na byo.

Amategeko ateganya kandi ko abana bafite uburenganzira bungana mu gikorwa cy’izungura, bisobanuye ko abahungu n’abakobwa bafite uburenganzira bungana muri iki gikorwa.

Dore impamvu ziteganwa n’amategeko zituma habaho kwamburwa nta mpaka uburenganzira bwo kuzungura

Mu ngingo ya 56 y’itegeko rigenga imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura, hataganya ko hari impamvu zishobora gutuma umuntu yamburwa uburenganzira mu gikorwa cy’izungura.

Yamburwa nta mpaka uburenganzira bwo kuzungura, umuzungura wese:

1. Wakatiwe n’inkiko kubera ko yishe abishaka cyangwa yagambiriye kwica uzungurwa;

2. Wakatiwe n’inkiko kubera ko yabeshyeye cyangwa yatanzeho uzungurwa ubuhamya bw’ibinyoma bwashoboraga gutuma akatirwa n’inkiko igifungo nibura cy’amezi atandatu (6);

3. Wataye nkana umwana we uzungurwa, wamugiriye igikorwa cy’urukozasoni, wamwangije imyanya ndangagitsina, wamusambanyije cyangwa wamushoye mu busambanyi.

Icyemezo cy’urukiko ni cyo gikurikizwa kugira ngo umuzungura wemewe n’itegeko wakoze kimwe mu byaha byavuzwe mu gika kibanziriza iki, avanwe mu bazungura.

Gusa impamvu zivugwa mu ngingo ya 56 y’iri tegeko si zo zonyine zishobora kwambura umuntu uburenganzira bwo kuzungura, kuko hari n’izindi ziteganywa mu ngingo ya 57.

Ashobora kwamburwa uburenganzira bwo kuzungura, umuzungura wese wemewe n’itegeko cyangwa uwahawe indagano wese:

1. Wacanye umubano wa kibyeyi n’uwapfuye igihe yari akiriho;

2. Wirengagije abigambiriye kandi yari ashoboye kwita k’uzungurwa mu gihe yari abikeneye;

3. Witwaje ubushobozi buke bw’uzungurwa, ari ubwo mu mutwe cyangwa ku mubiri, akiharira igice cyangwa ibizungurwa byose;

4. Warigishije nkana, wacagaguye cyangwa wangije irage rya nyuma ry’uwapfuye atabimwemereye, cyangwa wihaye uburenganzira agendeye ku irage ryavanyweho cyangwa ryataye agaciro.

Ufite uburenganzira bwo kuzungura wese ashobora, mu gihe kitarenze umwaka umwe (1) uhereye ku munsi izungura ryatangiriyeho cyangwa ku munsi yamenyeyeho imwe muri izi mpamvu, gusaba urukiko rubifitiye ububasha kwambura uburenganzira bwo kuzungura ugomba kuzungura cyangwa ugomba guhabwa indagano, wateje imwe mu mpamvu zavuzwe mu gika cya mbere cy’iyi ngingo. Uburyo iki kirego gitangwamo gitangwa mu buryo bw’ibirego byihutirwa.

Haseguriwe ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 56 n’iya 57 z’iri tegeko, iyo mbere yo gupfa, uzungurwa wari uzi impamvu yashoboraga gutera kwamburwa uburenganzira bwo kuzungura, nyamara ntabikore, uzungura ntiyamburwa uburenganzira bwo kuzungura.

Uwambuwe uburenganzira bwo kuzungura avanwa mu mubare w’abazungura b’uwapfuye. Umugabane yagombaga kubona wongerwa ku migabane y’abazungura basigaye.

Uwambuwe uburenganzira bwo kuzungura abuzwa gusa kuzungura umutungo w’uwo yahemukiye, ariko ashobora kuzungura undi mutungo w’umuryango.

Icyakora, uwambuwe uburenganzira bwo kuzungura buvugwa mu ngingo ya 56 y’iri tegeko atakaza uburenganzira bwo kuzungura ku mutungo wose w’umuryango akomokamo, hatitawe ku buryo bw’imicungire y’umutungo.

Uzungura cyangwa uhabwa indagano wakuwe mu mubare w’abazungura kubera kwamburwa uburenganzira bwo kuzungura, ategetswe gusubiza umutungo yazunguye, yarazwe cyangwa agaciro kawo mu gihe akiriho.

Amategeko ateganya iki ku izungura ridafite ba nyiraryo?

Kuri iki gikorwa cy’izungura birashoboka ko hari igihe habaho izungura ridafite nyiraryo. Izungura ryitwa ko ridafite nyiraryo, iyo nta muzungura cyangwa abazungura banze uburenganzira bwabo bwo kuzungura.

Mu gihe izungura ridafite nyiraryo umutungo uzungurwa wegurirwa Leta. Leta igomba kurangiza inshingano z’uwapfuye hakurikijwe agaciro k’ibintu yakiriye.

Aha urukiko rubifitiye ububasha cyangwa Komite y’Abunzi byerekana ko izungura ridafite nyiraryo, bibisabwe n’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge w’aho izungura rigomba kubera cyangwa w’aho umutungo uzungurwa uri.

Mu gihe kitarenze ukwezi kumwe (1), urukiko cyangwa Komite y’Abunzi byaregewe bigomba gufata icyemezo kigaragaza by’agateganyo ko izungura ridafite nyiraryo.
Muri icyo gihe umutungo ucungwa hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’itegeko ryerekeye imicungire y’imitungo yasizwe na bene yo; icyo cyemezo iyo kimaze gufatwa kimanikwa ku biro by’Umurenge w’aho izungura rigomba kubera cyangwa w’aho umutungo uzungurwa uri.

Nyuma y’imyaka itatu (3), ku mutungo wimukanwa n’imyaka itanu (5) ku mutungo utimukanwa uhereye igihe byemejwe ko umutungo ucunzwe by’agateganyo, urukiko cyangwa Komite y’Abunzi bibisabwe n’urwego rushinzwe gucunga imitungo yasizwe na bene yo rubifitiye ububasha ruteganywa mu itegeko ryerekeye imicungire y’imitungo yasizwe na bene yo, bitangaza ku buryo budasubirwaho ko izungura ridafite nyiraryo maze umutungo uzungurwa ugahita wegurirwa Leta.

Gusa iyo ibihe by’ubuzime biteganyijwe n’itegeko rigena ubusaze bitararangira, umuzungura ubonetse ashobora gusaba ko asubizwa ibintu byari byareguriwe Leta.

Umuzungura wigaragaje mbere y’uko ibihe byavuzwe haruguru birangira azungura umutungo w’uwapfuye uko awusanze, hagakurwamo ibyakoreshejwe.

Ubutaha tuzababwira ku gikorwa cyo kuraga (Irage) igihe gikorerwa, ubushobozi bw’uraga n’uragwa muri iki gikorwa n’uko gikorwa n’ibindi bijyanye n’iki gikorwa.

Indimu zarabuze ku isoko

Umubyeyi witwa Mukashema uvuga ko akunda gukoresha indimu cyane cyane iyo ategura amafunguro nka ‘salade’, yaje mu isoko ngo aje kuzishaka, arazibura. Gusa ngo hashize iminsi ikibazo cy’ibura ry’indimu gihari.

Agira ati “Ubundi iyo nguze indimu ngura nyinshi kuko ndazikoresha cyane, ariko ubu nsigaye nza nkazibura, ubushize narazibonye zimpenze kuko ikilo basigaye bakigurisha 2,500Frw, kandi mbere nko mu kwezi kwa Gatanu, ukwa Gatandatu, ikilo cy’indimu cyaguraga amafaranga 400Frw cyangwa se 500Frw. Ariko noneho nazibuze n’izo zihenze nazibuze. Abacuruza imbuto baravuga ko na bo bazibuze sinzi ikibazo gihari”.

Uwitwa Kazungu na we wari mu gice cy’isoko gicururizwamo imbuto, avuga ko yari aje kugura indimu,i mineke na mandarine kuko ari byo bari bamutumye, ariko ngo yabonye imineke yonyine, abura ibyo bindi kuko ntabihari.

Hari kandi n’abavuga ko bajyaga bakunda gukoresha indimu mu gutegura imiti y’inkorora ifasha abana ndetse n’abantu bakuru, none ubu ngo babuze uko babigenza kuko indimu zimaze iminsi zarabuze.

Iyo ubajije abacuruza imbuto igituma nta mandarine cyangwa indimu ziboneka, basubiza ko biterwa n’uko nta ndimu cyangwa mandarine bikunze kwera mu Karere ka Bugesera, na bikeya bihera ubu ngo biba byarahunduye.

Uwitwa Ingabire ucuruza imbuto aho mu isoko rya Nyamata, avuga ko icyatumye indimu na mandarine bibura cyane, harimo kuba ubu nta bigituruka i Burundi cyane nk’uko byajyaga bigenda, kuko ngo ubundi amacunga, indimu na mandarine byaturukaga i Burundi, bikiyongera ku bituruka ahandi ugasanga bihagije ku isoko.

Uwitwa Uwase Jacqueline na we ucuruza imbuto aho mu isoko rya Nyamata, avuga ko indimu na mandarine bacuruza bazirangura i Kigali (Nyabugogo), bakazirangura n’abazivana muri Tanzania, icyo kikaba ari cyo gituma ziza zihenze kuko ngo barangura ikilo cy’indimu ku mafaranga 2,000Frw, bazigeza ku isoko rya Nyamata ikilo bakakigurisha 2,500Frw.

Mandarine na zo zarabuze

Hari n’ubwo izo ndimu zigura 2,500Frw zizamuka ikilo kikagura amafaranga 3,000Frw cyangwa se ntizinaboneke, ugasanga nta ndimu n’imwe cyangwa mandarine iri mu isoko, bitewe n’uko abazirangura baba bazibuze aho i Nyabugogo barangura. Ibyo ngo biba byatewe n’uko imodoka zizivana Tanzania zitaragera mu Rwanda, icyo gihe ngo biba bisaba gutegereza.

Gusa, uko abo bacuruzi babivuga ngo ikibazo cy’ibura ry’indimu kizajya gikunda kubaho, kuko ngo muri ako Karere ka Bugesera ntizikunze kuhahingwa cyane, bitewe ahari n’imiterere y’ubutaka bwaho, cyangwa se no kuba abantu batitabira ubuhinzi bw’izo mbuto.

Hari ababyeyi bagaragaje ko kubyara bambaye agapfukamunwa bibagora (Ifoto: Internet)

Ku mbuga nkoranyambaga hagaragaye ubukangurambaga bwahamagariraga abaganga gufasha abyeyi barimo kubyara mu gihe bagaragaje ko agapfukamunwa kababangamiye, bwiswe #StopAccouchementMasque.

Ubu bukangurambaga bwatangijwe n’umubyeyi ukomoka mu Bufaransa wabyaye mu gihe cya Guma mu rugo. Yagize ati “Ndasunika nambaye agapfukamunwa: Ntibishoboka! Ndakamanura: Umubyaza agahita akansubizaho ako kanya”.

Akomeza agira ati “Ndahumeka nabi ndetse no kwakira umwuka birangoye cyane, cyane! Mbese byageze ubwo biba ngombwa ko umubyaza akoresha ibiyiko byabugenewe ‘les cuillères’ kugira ngo afashe uruhinja rwanjye gusohoka (kuvuka)”.

Si uyu mubyeyi wenyine wagaragaje ikibazo yagize mu kubyara yambaye agapfukamunwa, hari n’abandi ibihumbi bakigaragaje.

Sonia Bisch umuvugizi w’iri huriro ry’aba babyeyi bishyize hamwe, aganira na France24 yagize ati “Barasemeka, bakaruka, bakagira ubwoba, bagakuraho udupfukamunwa… Iyo agapfukamunwa kativanyemo, bituma batakira umwuka, bikabuza umubyeyi gusunika ngo abyare”.

Muri raporo yatangajwe muri Nyakanga 2020 ku bijyanye n’ibibazo byagaragaye ku babyeyi babyaye muri ibi bihe bya covid-19, byagaragaye ko hari abagize ikibazo cy’igipimo cy’ubushyuhe cyazamutse (umuriro), no gutabuka kw’aho umwana anyura avuka (la déchirure du périnée).

Hari n’abagize ikibazo cy’agahinda gakabije cyangwa se kwiheba (dépressions post-partum) ndetse n’ibindi bibazo bituruka ku muhangayiko (troubles dus au stress post-traumatique).

Iri huriro ry’ababyeyi rivuga ko ryifuza ko habaho kurinda umubyeyi no kwirinda ku baganga, bakaba ari bo bambara udupfukamunwa n’ibindi bikoresho byabugenewe ku babyaza, ariko umubyeyi bakamureka akabyara hubahirizwa uburenganzira bwe.

Ku ruhande rw’abaganga ariko na ho, hari abemera ko aba babyeyi bakwiriye koroherezwa mu gihe cyo kubyara ntibambare udupfukamunwa.

Urugero rwatanzwe na France24 dukesha iyi nkuru, ni urw’umuganga akaba n’umunyamabanga mukuru w’urugaga rw’abaganga b’ababyeyi mu Bufaransa, akaba akuriye n’ibitaro bikuru bya kaminuza bya Strasbourg CHU, Pr Philippe Deruelle, weguye ku mirimo ye.

Yagize ati “Nibwiraga ko uyu mwuga wacu wateye imbere nyamara si ko biri kuko nturamenya kumva/gutega amatwi umubyeyi”.

Abandi na bo bemeza ko guherekeza umubyeyi ugiye kubyara munzu y’urwererero (maternite) ari ukwigerezaho. Umwe ati “Gutinyuka guherekeza umubyeyi no kumufasha kubyara umwana we, atambaye agapfukamunwa, aho naba nigerejeho kuko mba nshobora kwandura no kwanduza umuryango wanjye. Mwebwe mushobora kuba mutabizi, ariko mumenye ko umubyeyi mu gihe cyo kubyara iyo asunika aba ashobora kwanduza mu guhumeka rwose”.

Icyakora ibi ngo byatumye ababyeyi bo mu Bufaransa bafata icyemezo cyo kujya kubyarira mu bindi bihugu aho kwamabara agapfukamunwa ku mubyeyi urimo kubyara bitari itegeko.

Ese ababyeyi bo mu Rwanda hari ikibazo bahura na cyo mu gihe cyo kubyara bambaye agapfukamunwa?

Mu kiganiro Kigali Today yagiranye na Dr. Butoyi Alphonse, umuganga w’ababyeyi, yavuze ko ababyeyi batabyishimira ku rugero rumwe.

Agira ati “Hari abakambarira ko ari itegeko ariko ahanini ntabwo ari itegeko cyane cyane aho umubyeyi abyarira. Twebwe icyo tumusaba nk’abaganga, ni ukutagira abandi bamuherekeza mu cyumba abyariramo, ndetse natwe abaganga twirinda kumwegera mu gihe bidakenewe. Icyo twitaho ni uko atabangamirwa cyane, akaba yakambara umwanya muto, ubundi akiyorohereza akakamanura”.

Akomeza avuga ko kwambara agapfukamunwa nta kintu kinini byangiza ku mubyeyi, icyakora icyagaragaye kuri bamwe akaba ari uko ahanini bituma atabasha gufata umwuka neza kuko bimutwara imbaraga.

Yongeyeho ati “Aho ababyeyi baba bari mu gihe bari ku bise, tubafasha gushyira intera hagati yabo cyane ku buryo ntawe uba yegereye undi. Nanone, nk’umubyeyi ukeneye kwitabwaho n’abaganga benshi nk’iyo ari mu ibagiro (salle d’operation), nko ku mubyeyi ugomba kubagwa (cesarienne), icyo gihe tumusaba kwambara agapfukamunwa cyangwa tukamuha akandi gafatanye na bombone karimo umwuka (oxygene), kandi natwe abaganga tukaba tukambaye”.