Umwamikazi wa Sheba [Queen of Sheba] ni umwe mu bamonaki bavugwa muri Bibiliya waje kwerekeza muri Yeruzalemu kugerageza ubuhanga bw'Umwami Salomon mu myaka ya 965-931 mbere y’ivuka rya Yesu Kristo.
Uyu mwamikazi bwa mbere avugwa mu gitabo cy'Abami I (10:1-13), akongera kuvugwa mu Abakorinto II Â (9:1-12) muri Bibiliya ndetse anavugwa muri Quran, kimwe na Aramic Targum Sheni no mu gitabo kivuga ku ruhererekane rw'ibikorwa by’abami barongoye Ethiopia kitwa 'Kebra Negast'.
Uretse muri ibi bitabo tuvuze twanifashishije mu kubategurira iyi nkuru, hari n'ibindi byagiye bivugwa kuri uyu mwamikazi wa Sheba. INYARWANDA twagerageje kubashakira byinshi kuri Shebah nyuma yo kubona igikundiro cy’indirimbo ya Meddy yakoreye Mimi yiswe [Queen of Sheba]. Byatumye tuyinjiramo ngo tubagezeho bya nyabyo inkuru irambuye ku buzima bwe.
![]()
Meddy washatse umunya Ethiopia, Mimi Mehfira yanitiriye indirimbo ye ‘Umwamikazi wa Sheba’
Agace ka Sheba kavugwa muri Bibiliya kavugwa nk'Ubwami bwa Saba rimwe na rimwe bagakoresha Sheba, kakaba mu Majyepfo ya Arabia ariko na none no mu Burasirazuba bw'Amajyaruguru ya Africa mu gihugu cya Ethiopia.
Uburyo Bibiliya ibara amateka y’uyu mwamikazi, yazaniye impano z'akataraboneka Umwami Salomon, amurata ubuhanga mbere y’uko Sheba asubira mu gihugu cye. Ikiganiro mpaka kivuga ku kuba uyu mwamikazi yaba yarakomokaga muri Ethiopia cyangwa muri Arabia kimaze ibinyejana n'ibinyejana kandi bidashidikanwaho ntabwo kizigera gihagarara.
Abavuga ko yari uwo mu gihugu cya Ethiopia bavugaga ko yayoboye mu bwami bwa Axum umujyi wo mu Majyaruguru y'iki gihugu na none ariko mu ruhererekane rw'Ubwami bwa Salomon habe no mu gitabo cy'Abami cyanditswe hagati y'ikinyejana cya 7 n’icya 6 mbere y’ivuka rya Yesu Kristo ntaho bigaragara.
![]()
Mimi Mehfira umugore wa Meddy bivugwa ko ava mu bwoko bwa Habesha bukomoka ku mwami Salomon n’Umwamikazi wa Sheba
Uko Bibiliya yerekana Umwamikazi wa Sheba mu Abami ba Mbere no mu gitabo cy'Abakorinto ba II, inkuru yanditswemo ni iy'urugendo rw'Umwamikazi wa Sheba ari nayo n'izindi zose zagiye zishingiraho.Â
Bibiliya ivuga ko ubwo Salomon yabaga Umwami yasabye Imana ubuhanga mu miyoborere ye (1 Abami 3:6-9), Imana yishimiye ubusabe bwe cyane ibumuhana n'ubukire n'icyubahiro byatumye yamamara kurenza n'imbibi z'ubwami bwe.
Umwamikazi wa Sheba yumvise Umwami Salomon n'ubuhanga bwe bw'agatangaza n'uburyo ubwami bwe bwahawe ikuzo, byatumye agirira urugendo mu murwa mukuru wa Isiraheli ari wo Yeruzalemu kubyirebera ubwe.
Bibiliya ivuga ko uyu mumonaki yari Umwamikazi wa Sheba inshuro imwe mu 1 Abami 10:1 ariko ntabwo ivuga igihugu akomokamo. Intego y'uyu mwamikazi byari ukwemeza iby'ubuhanga bwa Salomon binyuze mu bibazo, maze amaze kumusubiza amuhunda impano z'agatangaza zirimo Zahabu nk’uko byanditswe mu gitabo cy'Abami ba Mbere ibice icumi, umurongo wa cumi (1 Abami 10:10).
Zahabu uyu mwamikazi yahaye Salomon uzishyize mu madorali ni asaga Miliyari 3.6. Nyuma yo kumuha impano zanyuze Salomon, yahawe uburenganzira bwo gusaba icyo yifuza cyose mu bwami bwa Salomon anemererwa guhabwa abacakara bakomoka muri Sheba bari barafatiwe muri Isiraheli nk’uko byanditswe mu 1 Abami 10:13.
![]()
Imyaka ibaye ibihumbi Umwamikazi Sheba avugwaho cyane kuko amateka ye agaragara mu bitabo bihambaye bivuga ku bintu byayeho ku isi
Muri Targum Sheni ho inkuru isa n’iyagutse kuruta ibyanditse muri Bibiliya. Abadasobanukiwe neza ibya Targum Sheni, ni igitabo kigaruka ku mateka y'Umwamikazi Esther yanditswe muri Bibiliya mu buryo bwagutse. Ariko na none harimo igice kigaruka ku mwamikazi Sheba ariko mu buryo burimo amakabyankuru menshi.Â
Nk’uko Bibiliya ibivuga, ubuhanga bw'umwami Salomon bwatumye abasha kumenya indimi zivugwa n'ibimera, inyamaswa n'inyoni zo mu kirere, 1 Abami (4:33). Aha niho igitabo cya Targum Sheni gihera kuri iyi nkuru kikagaragaza neza ukuntu Salomon yahawe ububasha bwo gutumira inyoni, inyamaswa n'ibindi binyabuzima byose, uretse Woodcock (ubwoko bw'ibiguruka) bwanze kumvira Salomon bivuga ko adahambaye nk'Umwamikazi wa Sheba, bityo ko adakwiye icyo cyubahiro no kugira ububasha bwo kuyobora hafi ibiriho byose.
Byarangiye Salomon atumiye mu bwami bwe uyu mwamikazi ashaka kwereka ibi biguruka byamwibeshyeho. Mu gihe uyu mwamikazi, yari atangira kuzenguruka mu gice cy'inyubako y'agatangaza ya Salomon cyari cyubakishije ibirahure nyamara kikaba cyarasaga nk'amazi, ngo yatangiye kubaza ibibazo bikomeye Salomon byo kumugerageza kugira ngo amenye neza ubuhanga bwe aho bugarukira.
WoodCock nazo byarangiye zemeye ko Salomon ari Umwami w'umuhanga kandi ari imana nyuma yo kwitwara neza mu misubirize y'ibibazo yabajijwe n'Umwamikazi wa Sheba.
![]()
Umwami Salomon yabashije kugaragariza Umwamikazi wa Sheba ko ari imana ndetse atuma ahindukira aramuramya anemera kwinjira mu idini ry’aba Yuda
Muri Quran, Umwamikazi Sheba yanditswe nka Bilqis naho Salomon yitwa Sulayman. Quran ikomeza ivuga ko inkuru y’aba bombi ihera ku bijyanye n'uburyo Salomon yatumiye ibiremwa birimo ibiguruka, inyamaswa n'ibiremwa bizwi nka Jinn akagirana nabyo ibiganiro ariko Hoopoe ntigaragare aho inama yabereye.
Salomon yahise abaza ati:'Ni ibiki byambayeho ko ntabona Hoopoe? cyangwa iri mu batitabiriye? Ndaza kuyihana n'igihano gikomeye cyangwa nze kuyinyonga cyeretse igihe yaza kuba itanze impamvu nyayo yatumye ititabira.' (Sura 27:20). Ubwo Hoopoe yabonekaga, yabwiye Salomon ko ivuye ku butaka bwa Sheba, ikomeza ivuga ko yahabonye umugore uyoboye kandi ko afite ubwami bukomeye bufite buri kimwe.
Ikomeza igaragaza ko abantu bo muri Sheba basenga izuba bataramya Salomon nk'imana kimwe na Allah ahubwo satani yabigaruriye ariko bafite ubwami buhambaye, maze umwami Salomon ababarira Hoopoe ahubwo ayituma gutumira umwamikazi wa Sheba.
![]()
Umwamikazi Sheba yahaye Salomo impano z’ubutunzi butagira ingano zirimo Zahabu ibarirwa mu gaciro ka Miliyari 3.6 z’amadorali nk’uko bivugwa n’abahanga mu by’ubukungu ba none
Muri Kebra Negast igitabo kivuga ku ruhererekane rw'amateka y'ubwami bwarongoye Ethiopia, inkuru y'umwamikazi wa Sheba naho iravugwa ariko akavugwamo nka Makeda (Umwamikazi wa Shebah) wabwiwe n'umushabitsi Tamrin ibijyanye n'ubuhangange n'ubuhanga bw'umwami Salomon.
Tamrin yaje kwinjira muri iyi nkuru nk'umucuruzi w'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi by'urusengero ruhambaye rwa Salomon maze abarira inkuru Umwamikazi wa Sheba y'ubunararibonye bukomeye bw'Umwami uhambaye mu isi kandi ko Yeruzalemu ari ahantu h’akataraboneka mu isi yose.
Ibi byose byaje gutuma Makeda [Umwamikazi wa Sheba] yerecyeza muri uyu murwa mukuru. Nyuma y'ibiganiro, yaje kwemera Salomon nk'imana ndetse yemera kwinjira mu idini ry'abayuda.
Salomon yateguye umusangiro ukomeye wo kwishimira Makeda mbere y’uko asubira mu bwami ndetse uyu mwamikazi arara mu ngoro y'umwami ijoro ryose. Umwami Salomon yasezeranyije uyu mwamikazi ko atari bumukoreho nawe ariko ntagire icyo yangiza.Â
Nyamara mu ijoro Makeda yaje kugira inyota, maze abona ikirahure cy'amazi Salomon yari yateretse rwagati mu cyumba bari barayemo bombi atangira kuyanywa. Ubwo Salomon yamubonaga yamwibukije ko atari yemerewe kugira icyo yiba none ari kumunywera amazi atamusabye uburenganzira. Makeda yasubije Salomon ko baryamana niba yishe isezerano bari bagiranye.
Mbere y’uko Makeda amaranye ijoro ryose na Salomon, mu gitondo mbere yo kugenda Salomon yabanje kumuha impeta ye kugira ngo azamwibuke mu nzira asubira iwe. Yaje kwibaruka umwana amwita Menilek bivuze umuhungu w'inararibonye [ubuhanga], (ingendo za cyera zafataga imyaka dore ko nta koranabuhanga ryariho uretse iry’amafarasi n'ubwato bw'ingashya).
![]()
Umwamikazi wa Sheba yaryamanye na Salomon babyarana Umwami w’Abami Menelik I wanditse amateka ahambaye muri politike y’isi
Mu gihe Menelik yakuraga akabaza se umubyara uwo ari we, Makeda yamuhaye impeta ya Salomon arangije amusaba kujya gushaka se. Menelik yaje kwakirwa na Salomon muri Yeruzelemu amara imyaka yigira muri uyu mujyi w'amateka.Â
Ubwo igihe cyageraga Menelik ngo asubire mu gihugu cye ndetse bisabwe n'Abiru b'i Bwami, Salomon yasabye mukuru wa Menelik kuri se [imfura ya Salomon] kumuherekeza.
Ubwo Menelik yari agiye kugenda, umwe mu bahungu ba Salomon [umuvandimwe wa Menelik kuri se] yaje kwiba isanduku y'isezerano ayisimbuza itari yo maze ubwo Salomon yamenyaga iby’ubwo bujura atumaho abasirikare kujya guhiga Menelik.
Nyamara bafashe ubusa, gusa Menelik bwari ubugambanyi yari yakorewe. Ubwo yabonaga isanduku y'isezerano, yashatse kuyisubizayo nyamara mbere yo kubikora aribwira ati ‘uku ni ugushaka kw'Imana isanduku y'isezerano igomba kugera muri Ethiopia’.
Mu nzozi Salomon yabwiwe n'Imana ko n’ubwo isanduku ya nyayo yajyanwe ariko bagomba gufata ihari nk’aho ari iya nyayo, yaba abiru n'abaherezabitambo bose bakifata nk’aho ari iya nyayo ku buryo bidakwira muri rubanda ibyo kwibwa kwayo.
Menelik yasubiye kwa nyina muri Ethiopia afite n'isanduku y'isezerano ijyanwa mu rusengero. Nk’uko kandi bivugwa n'ubu ngo iracyahari. Icyakora haje kuboneka izindi nyandiko zitavuga kimwe amateka y'Umwamikazi wa Sheba n'ibitabo twakoresheje tubakorera iyi nkuru.
Abasesenguzi bagenda bavuga ibitandukanye kuri uyu mwamikazi bashingiye ku byanditswe byera n'ibindi byagiye bimuvugwaho, kugeza n'ubu inkuru y'Umwamikazi wa Sheba iracyavugwaho byinshi yaba mu kwemeza mu kuri igihugu nyacyo akomokamo dore ko agace ka Sheba kagaragara mu bihugu bibiri binyuranye Arabia na Ethiopia, gusa abanditsi benshi bamugarukaho berekeza ku kuba yaba aturuka kandi yarabayeho muri Ethiopia.
Umwamikazi wa Sheba yaririmbweho indirimbo zinyuranye mu isi harimo n’iyo Meddy aheruka gukora, akinwaho filimi zinyuranye, mbega inkuru y’uyu mwamikazi iri mu zitangaje isi yigeze yaba none yewe no mu gihe cyashize.
REBA HANO INDIRIMBO ‘QUEEN OF SHEBAH’ YA MEDDY
Imyaka ibaye ibihumbi 
Umwamikazi Sheba yahaye Salomo impano z’ubutunzi butagira ingano zirimo Zahabu ibarirwa mu gaciro ka Miliyari 3.6 z’amadorali nk’uko bivugwa n’abahanga mu by’ubukungu ba none
