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Bruce Melodie aha yari muri Kigali Arena mu gitaramo cyakurikiye umuhango wo Kwita Izina wabaye tariki 06 Nzeri 2019

Yahereye ku yo yatanzemo ubutumwa bwo gukunda u Rwanda no kurukundisha abanyamahanga, ariko abafana bamwe banze kumushira amakenga bakeka ko ari igitutu cy’abamaze iminsi banenga abahanzi baririmba indirimbo zirimo ibisa n’urukozasoni ndetse n’ubusambanyi.

Mu butumwa Bruce Melodie yashyize kuri Twitter, yagize ati “Nk’uko twabisezeranye, urugendo rwanjye muri gakondo ruratangiye ku mugaragaro.”

Kuri ubu butumwa, ni ho yashyize agace k’indirimbo yumvikanamo amagambo ataka u Rwanda avuga ko ari igihugu cyiza gisurwa na ba mukerarugendo b’abanyamahanga, avuga ko ubu u Rwanda ari igihugu gishya.

Benshi mu bamukurikira ku rubuga rwa Twitter, batangiye kumwandikira bamubwira ko iyo atari injyana ye ndetse ko bitazamuhira, n’ubwo hari n’abandi bamugaragarizaga ko bishimiye kumwumva mu njyana gakondo.

Nkuko Twabisezeranye,Urugendo Rwanjye muri Gakondo Ruratangiye ku mugaragaro #24 Is Out Now 🔥🔥 https://t.co/cd8cYNZMub pic.twitter.com/OlpuYQB2Gc

— Bruce Melodie 🎵 (@BruceMelodie) October 25, 2020

Bamwe mu basubije ubwo butumwa yanditse, bavuze ko ashobora kuba yinjiye mu njyana ya Gakondo kubera igitutu n’amagambo aherutse gutangazwa n’Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko n’Umuco, Bamporiki Edouard, avuga ko urwego ayoboye rutazihanganira abahanzi baririmba indirimbo zirimo amagambo aganisha ku busambanyi n’andi magambo ahungabanya umuco nyarwanda.

Iki gihe, Bamporiki yanavuze ko aho kugira ngo ananirwe gukemura iki kibazo, ashobora no kwegura ku mirimo.

Abumvise amagambo ya Bamporiki rero, bahise babwira Bruce Melodie ko ashobora kuba yagize ubwoba bw’aya magambo, kuko indirimbo yari amaze iminsi asohoye yitwa saa moya, ari imwe mu zitaravuzweho rumwe, ndetse abantu bayitangaho urugero rw’indirimbo zikabije konona umuco no kuvuga amagambo bamwe bita ibishegu.

Ku rundi ruhande ariko, na mbere y’aya magambo y’umunyamabanga wa Leta, Bruce Melodie yigeze kumvikana avuga ko n’ubwo arimo yamamaza indirimbo ye ‘Saa Moya’ azakurikizaho injyana gakondo ndetse ngo afite mu migambi ye kwamamaza iyi njyana.

Abakurikiye ubu butumwa, na bo babyanditse kuri Twitter bamubwira ko yubahirije isezerano yari yarabahaye, ryo gukora iyi njyana.

Umva Bruce Melodie muri iyi ndirimbo yaririmbyemo mu buryo bwa gakondo

Uwo mugabo ngo yahise atabaza abaturanyi n’ubuyobozi buratabara, ariko ntibabasha guhita bamenya uwatemye iyo nka, nk’uko Kigali Today yabitangarijwe na Habinshuti Annaclet, Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge wa Gacaca.

Agira ati “Inka ye yabaga hanze, yabyutse ajya kuri toilette kubera ko inka ye aho irara ni hafi ya toilette, avuyeyo kubera ko yari afite itoroshi urumva hari nijoro abona amaraso, arebye asanga ni inka ye batemye, atabaza abaturanyi natwe amakuru turayamenya tujyayo, kugeza ubu uwo mugizi wa nabi ntabwo arafatwa”.

Icyakora hari andi makuru yakomeje guhwihwiswa aturuka muri bamwe mu baturage avuga ko uwo mugabo yaba ari we waba witemeye iyo nka, dore ko bamubonye atwarwa na Polisi, gusa ntihavugwa impamvu yaba yamuteye kuba yakwitemera inka.

Gitifu Habinshuti yahakanye ayo makuru avugwa ko uwo mugabo ariwe witemeye iyo nka agira ati “Ibyo kuvuga ko yayitemeye ntawabihamya amakuru aracyakurikiranwa ariko ntabwo nakubwira ngo ni we wayitemye nta gihamya mbifitiye, kuba yajyanye na Polisi ni uburyo bwo kujya gutanga ikirego ntabwo ari ugukurikiranwa”.

Uwo muyobozi yavuze ko uburyo iyo nka yatemwe ku bitsinsino bigaragara ko bigoranye kuba yakira, gusa umuvuzi w’amatungo mu Murenge wa Gacaca akaba akomeje kuyikurikirana.

Yasabye abaturage gufatanya bakaba umwe mu kurinda ibyabo, kugira ngo hatagira uwaza abameneramo yangiza ibyabo, abasaba gukaza amarondo baharanira gukumira abagizi ba nabi.

Yabibwiye abari bitabiriye umuhango wo kureba ibyagezweho n’Umuryango DiDé (Fondation Dignité en Détention), mu mezi 18 uwo muryango wamaze ukorera muri Gereza ya Nyamagabe, iya Huye n’iya Rusizi, mu rwego rwo guhuza abakoze Jenoside n’abayirokotse bo mu turere twa Nyaruguru na Nyamasheke. Hari ku itariki 23 Ukwakira 2020.

Ni nyuma y’uko Odette Mukansoro, umuyobozi nshingwabikorwa wa Fondasiyo DiDé, yari amaze kugaragaza ko batangira inyigisho ku gusaba imbabazi muri gereza, hagiye haboneka benshi bifuza kubifashwamo, ariko ko biyemeje gukorana na 437 bari hafi gutaha.

Muri aba 437, abahujwe n’abo bahemukiye bakabasaba imbabazi na bo bakazibaha ni 132. Coronavirus yateye hari abandi bagororwa 37 bo muri gereza ya Rusizi bari baramaze kujyanwa gusaba imbabazi aho bakomoka mu Karere ka Nyamasheke, hakaba na 97 bo muri Nyaruguru na Nyamasheke bari baratumweho n’abo bahemukiye ngo bazabasange aho batuye babe ari ho babasabira imbabazi.

Mukansoro uyobora uwo muryango DiDé avuga ko hakenewe ababatera inkunga mu buryo bw’amafaranga kugira ngo basubukure ibikorwa bari batangiye, byanaba ngombwa bakabyagurira n’ahandi, kuko bazi ko bikenewe.

Ati “Nkurikije ibikorwa dukora, numva hazaboneka ubushobozi, umushinga ukaba wakomeza mu buryo bumwe cyangwa se ubundi.”

CSP Thérèse Kubwimana ashimangira ko bikwiye ko uyu muryango DiDé uterwa inkunga ugakomeza ibi bikorwa wari watangiye, kuko ku bufatanye na wo hamwe n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa, Coronavirus yadutse hari abagororwa 1,037 bari baramaze guhuzwa n’imiryango y’abo bahemukiye bagasaba imbabazi kandi bakazihabwa, hakaba 5,925 bari bategereje guhuzwa n’abo bahemukiye ndetse na 641 bari bakigishwa.

Ahereye ku kuba mbere ya coronavirus, muri Gereza zo mu Rwanda hari abagororwa bagera ku bihumbi 26 bafungiye Jenoside, avuga ko hari ababarirwa mu bihumbi 18 bakeneye kwigishwa.

Umunyamabanga Nshingwabokorwa wa Komisiyo y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge, Fidēle Ndayisaba, we yongeraho ko abatanga bene izi nyigisho zunga Abanyarwanda badakenewe mu magereza gusa, ahubwo no hanze yayo.

Agira ati “No ku bafunguwe bari hanze mu muryango nyarwanda, ni byiza ko na bo bafashwa kugira ngo koko na bo bashobore guhinduka, bafashe kuzamura ukwizerana.”

Yungamo ati “Buriya icyaha cya Jenoside ni icyaha kibi cyane. Gikomeretsa uwagikoze n’uwagikorewe ndetse n’imiryango yabo. Ingaruka zacyo ziragenda zikaba uruhererekane, bikagera no mu bisekuru. Ibikorwa nk’ibi byunga bifasha kugabanya izo ngaruka, no guhagarika ko byakomeza kwambukiranya bikagera no mu bo bibaruka.”

Abahujwe n’abo bahemukiye bakabasaba imbabazi, bashima abiyemeje kubibafashamo kuko ubwabo batari kubyishoboza. Ikibashimisha kurushaho, ni uko babona babanye neza n’abo bahemukiye.

Yohani Kanyabacuzi w’i Shangi muri Nyamasheke, muri Mata 2020 yarangije igifungo cy’imyaka 12 yari yarakatiwe. Na we ari mu bahujwe n’uwo yahemukiye akiri muri gereza.

Agira ati “Kuva aho ntahiye, turahingirana, turasabana, dutahana ubukwe. Nta kibazo numva ngifite. Ndashima abaduhuje n’abo twakoreye ibyaha kuko byari ndengakamere. Ntitwari dukwiye no kubabarirwa.”

Abatanze imbabazi na bo bavuga ko byabaruhuye, ariko ko cyane cyane baruhuwe n’uko abo bababariye babarangiye aho bashyize imibiri y’ababo bishe.

Constance Kampogo uhagarariye umuryango wibumbiyemo abapfakazi ba Jenoside (AVEGA) mu Karere ka Nyamasheke agira ati “Gushyingura mu cyubahiro abacu biduha kwiyakira no kumva ko nta deni dufitiye uwagiye. Uba wumva urangije inshingano nk’uwasigaye, uba wumva wushije ikivi.”

Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Nyaruguru, François Habitegeko, avuga ko mu Karere ayobora abamaze guhuzwa n’abo bahemukiye bakabasaba imbabazi ari 50 ariko ko hari n’abandi 16 bari batahiwe ariko bikaza kubangamirwa na Coronavirus.

Anavuga ko uwakumva uyu mubare yakwibwira ko ari bakeya ariko ko atari byo kuko byasabye imbaraga nyinshi ngo babashe kumva akamaro ko gusaba imbabazi.

Abamaze gutera intambwe kuri we ngo ni umusemburo w’impinduka kandi ngo umusemburo ntujya uba mukeya. N’ikimenyimenyi, ngo abahawe inyigisho bakiri muri gereza bamaze gutaha, ubu babafasha mu bikorwa by’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge.

Dr. Ndayambaje Irénée uyobora REB asaba ko habaho ubufatanye bw’inzego zitandukanye ndetse n’ababyeyi mu gusubiza abana ku ishuri

Valerie Nyirabazayire wo mu Karere ka Musanze, yagize ati: “Umukobwa wanjye yari agize imyaka 16, yari ageze mu wa gatatu w’amashuri yisumbuye, ubu yagiye i Kigali afite aho arera umwana bakamuhemba. Sinzi ko azankundira gusubira ku ishuri, kuko ubu abona amafaranga bamuha ari bwo buzima bwe”.

Mu turere dukora ubuhinzi bw’icyayi, abana bamwe bagiye bajya gukora ibiraka mu mirima y’icyayi, kuri ubu bamenyereye gukorera amafaranga. Havugimana Jean Damascene, umuturage wo mu Karere ka Rusizi yagize ati: “Hano muri Gisakura abana bafite nk’imyaka 12 kuzamura bagiye babona ibiraka mu mirima y’icyayi. Mbona wenda kuko batigaga ntacyo byari bitwaye, kuko hari ubwo biba ngombwa ko bunganira ababyeyi, ikibazo ni ukuzabavana mu cyayi ngo ubasubije mu ishuri. Aha bizasaba imbaraga za Leta”.

Umuyobozi w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Uburezi (REB), Ndayambaje Irénée, yabwiye Kigali Today ko ikibazo cy’abana bagiye bajya mu mirimo inyuranye muri iki gihe cya Covid-19 bakizi, ariko ko hari ingamba zo kugira ngo bose bazasubire kwiga, mu gihe ibyiciro by’amashuri yabo bizaba bitangiye.

Agira ati “Twese nka MINEDUC ndetse n’abafatanyabikorwa n’abandi baturage barabibona, hari abana bari hirya no hino mu mirimo inyuranye, ibi bikaba byaratewe n’uko abanyeshuri bamaze igihe kinini bari mu rugo, kubera Covid-19. Icyo twifuza ni uko mu gihe amashuri azaba atangiye, bose bagaruka bakiga”.

Yakomeje avuga ko bisaba imbaraga kugira ngo umwana watangiye gukorera amafaranga yongere agire umutima wo gusubira mu ishuri. Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Uburezi (REB) cyatangiye ubukangurambaga, aho bashishikariza abafatanyabikorwa mu burezi, abayobozi mu nzego zinyuranye, ibitangazamakuru n’ababyeyi, gufatanya muri iki gikorwa, bamenyekanisha ingengabihe y’amashuri yatanzwe, kugira ngo uwo bireba wese abyubahirize.

Avuga ko abarimu bo bamaze kwitegura itangira ry’amashuri, bareba uburyo bazasubiza abana ku gipimo bakwiye kuba bariho, cyane ko n’ubundi abana bose baba basanzwe batari ku kigero kimwe, mwalimu aba afite uko afasha buri mwana.

Ibi bazabifashwamo n’ubumenyi bafite bize mu ishuri nderabarezi, ndetse n’amahugurwa REB n’abafatanyabikorwa bazakomeza kubaha ku bijyanye no kugarura ku murongo abana bari bamaze igihe batiga (Remedial Strategies), kandi ntawe utaye umwanya.

Ku babyeyi bagiye bashora abana babo mu mirimo kubera amaburakindi, Ndayambaje uyobora REB yabasabye ko batagurana amafaranga make abana babaha n’ishuri rizababeshaho ubuzima bwose.

Yagize ati: “Kwiga ni uburenganzira bw’umwana. Amafaranga make cyane umwana yazana uyu munsi, yazikuba inshuro nyinshi mu gihe yaba yararangije kwiga, yinjira ku isoko ry’umurimo ashobora guhangana kugera ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Ababyeyi bazigomwe nk’uko basanzwe babigenza, ariko barebe kure h’abana babo”.

Mbere ya Covid-19, abana bagera kuri 98% by’abana bagomba kwiga, bari bari mu mashuri. Gusa ngo kubera Covid-19, abana bata ishuri bashobora kuziyongera, Minisiteri y’Uburezi ikazamenya neza ikigero cyabo mu gihe abanyeshuri bose bazaba bamaze kugera ku ishuri.

Reba HANO ingengabihe y’uko amashuri azatangira.

Inkuru bijyanye:

MINEDUC yatangaje uko ingendo zo gusubira ku ishuri ku biga bacumbikirwa zizakurikirana

Papa Francis

Iryo tangazo rivuga ko ibyo bitangazamakuru byatwerereye Papa Francis ibyo atigeze avuga kuri abo babana bahuje ibitsina.

Ubuyobozi bwa Kiliziya Gatolika mu Rwanda buvuga ko mu bamamaza izo mpuha hashobora kuba harimo abataramwumvise neza, abasemuye nabi mu ndimi zitandukanye, cyangwa se hakaba n’ababikoze nkana bagambiriye kuyobya abakirisitu no kumuvugisha ibyo bo bifuza ku mpamvu zabo bwite zidafitanye isano n’ukwemera gatolika.

Iryo tangazo riti “Ikibigaragaza ku buryo budasubirwaho ni ukuntu bakomatanyirije hamwe ibyo yavuze kuri iyo ngingo y’ababana bahuje igitsina mu bihe bitandukanye n’ahantu hanyuranye ndetse n’ibyo mu gihe yari ataraba Papa nk’aho byaba bikubiye mu kiganiro kimwe rukumbi.”

Itangazo rikomeza rigira riti “Papa Francis ntashyigikiye na busa abagabo babiri cyangwa abagore babiri babana nk’umugabo n’umugore kuko binyuranyije na kamere muntu, bikaba bihabanye n’amahame ya Kiliziya Gatolika, ndetse bitabasha kungura umuryango mugari w’abantu haba mu burumbuke cyangwa mu ihirwe nyaryo umutima wa muntu wifuza.”

“Bene ayo mahitamo ni icyaha Kiliziya Gatolika itahwemye kwamagana. Icyakora Imana ntitererana abanyabyaha. Icyo Papa Francis avuganiraho ababana bahuje igitsina ni uburenganzira bwo kubaho mu miryango yabo bavukamo ntibahozwe ku nkeke. Ikindi ni ukubaba hafi no kubafasha nk’abanyantege nke nyine mu guhindura imyitwarire no kunganirwa mu kuri n’urukundo.”

Kiliziya Gatolika isaba abayoboke bayo kuba maso no gukomera ku kwemera kwabo no kudacibwa intege na bene ayo makuru akwirakwizwa nyamara atari ukuri.

Bamwe mu bakora ubukwe mu Rwanda bavuga ko bakase uwo mutsima w’ubukwe, kuko n’abandi babukoze mbere yabo bawukase, ku buryo batanibazaga icyo bivuze cyangwa aho byakomotse.

Uwitwa Ndugu avuga ko yakoze ubukwe mu mwaka wa 2005, kandi umutsima w’ubukwe yarawukase n’ubwo atabanje kwibaza icyo bivuze.

Yagize ati “Nakunze kubona abakora ubukwe bakata bene iyo mitsima, nanjye ngezweho ndawukata, ubwo wenda iyo nsanga bakata n’ibijumba ni cyo mba narakase simbizi, gusa sinakubeshya ngo nzi icyo bivuze”.

Uwitwa Mukamisha Ange, we yagize ati “Twakoze ubukwe dukata uwo mutsima twumva ari ukwizihiza ibirori gusa, ariko bakanatubwira ko ubwo, gukata uwo mutsima ari ukwereka abazaza mu rugo rwacu, mbese ngo tukerekana uko tuzajya tubakira”.

Gukata umutsima mu birori byavuye he?

Ku rubuga rwa Interineti https://www.lesaviezvous.net, bavuga ko ubu iyo bavuze ibirori hari abahita bumva ko hari umutsima ugomba gukatwa byanze bikunze. Ubundi rero uwo mutsima ukatwa ku munsi w’isabukuru y’amavuko, ngo wahereye mu Bugiriki mu gihe cya kera.

Abagiriki ngo bakataga uwo mutsima wakorwaga mu ifu y’ingano bakongeraho n’ubuki, bakawurya bizihiza isabukuru y’ikigirwamana cyitwa ‘Artémis’, iyo ikaba yari imana y’ingore ihagarariye ukwezi n’ibijyanye no guhiga (la déesse de la lune et de la chasse).

Icyo gihe bakoraga umutsima ujya kumera nk’uruziga, bagereranya n’uko ukwezi kumeze, bagashinga za buji, zishushanya urumuri rw’ukwezi, nyuma bagapfukama bagasenga mbere yo kuzimya izo buji zabaga ziri ku mutsima ugiye gukatwa. Ni yo mpamvu ubu, muri iki gihe ngo hari ababanza kuvuga icyo bifuza mu mwaka batangiye mbere yo kuzimya buji ziba zishinze ku mitsima bateguriwe gukata mu gihe bizihiza ibirori by’isabukuru.

Ku rubuga https://quizotresor.com, bavuga ko ibyo kwizihiza ibirori ngarukamwaka bizwi nka ‘anniversaire’ byatangiriye mu Misiri, bitangira byizihizwa n’Abami bo muri icyo gihugu(les pharaons), ariko ntibizihizaga umunsi bavutseho, ahubwo bizihizaga itariki bimiye ingoma, icyo gihe hagatambwa ibitambo.

Abagiriki n’Abaromani bo mu gihe cya kera ngo batekerezaga ko buri muntu agira umwuka uba umuriho umurinda (Esprit protecteur), uwo mwuka ukaba ugendana na we kuva avutse kugeza apfuye. Uwo mwuka urinda umuntu rero, ngo wakoranaga n’imana igira isabukuru ihura n’isabukuru y’uwo muntu. Ni aho hakomoka imyizerere iriho na n’ubu, ukumva bavuga ko umuntu agira malayika murinzi (Ange-Gardien ou de Saint-Patron).

Kuri urwo rubuga bavuga ko Abagiriki bagiraga iyo migenzo yo gutegura imitsima ikozwe mu buryo bw’uruziga bayiteguriye ikigirwamana cyitwa ‘Artémis’, nyuma abakirisitu baza kwanga iyo migenzo bavuga ko ari iya gipagani, mu kinyejana cya cumi na gatatu, imitsima yo kwizihiza isabukuru y’amavuko ishinzeho na za buji zaka yongeye kugaragara cyane mu Budage (kinderfeste).

Ku rubuga https://www.fnp.ae/blog , bavuga ko ibyo gukata imitsima mu birori by’isabukuru y’amavuko bimaze igihe bitangiye kuko byazanywe n’abakora ibintu bitandukanye mu ifarini bo mu Budage mu kinyejana cya cumi na gatanu, ubwo batangiraga gukorera abakiriya babo imitsima yo gukoresha ku minsi mikuru y’amavuko, bitangira guhindura ibyo bari barishyizemo ko imitsima nk’iyo ikoreshwa mu bukwe gusa.

Ubundi ngo byari bimenyerewe ko mu birori by’ubukwe, Abaromani batangaga imitsima ikozwe mu ifarini n’ubunyobwa bakongeramo ubuki kugira ngo ushobore kuryohera.

Ku rubuga https://www.rd.com/article/history-of-wedding-cakes/ bavuga ko umuhango wo gukata umutsima mu bukwe, watangiriye mu Baromani mu gihe cya cyera, nubwo uburyo byakorwagamo icyo gihe bitandukanye n’uko bikorwa ubu.

Imitsima izwi, ndetse igomba kuba ari yo abakora ubukwe bigana muri iki gihe, ngo yatangiye kubaho mu kinyajana cya 17. Icyo gihe, iyo ibirori by’ubukwe byabaga bigiye gusoza, ngo bafata umutsima/cake ukozwe mu ngano bakawumanyagurira ku mutwe w’umugeni bamwifuriza amahirwe no kuzabyara agaheka, bakamwifuriza uburumbuke, nyuma umugabo n’umugore basezeranye, ngo baryaga utumanyu dukeya tw’uwo mutsima, bagaragaza ko icyo ari cyo gikorwa cya mbere bakoze bagihuriyeho nk’abashakanye.

Iyo abageni babaga bamaze kurya kuri uwo mu mutsima, n’abashyitsi baje mu bukwe bwabo baryaga utumanyu tw’uwo mutsima dusigaye mu rwego rwo kwifuriza abageni kuzahirwa mu rugo rwabo. Hari n’abageni ngo bategerezaga kugera mu rugo rwabo rushya, bakabona gukora umuhango ujyana n’uwo mutsima w’ubukwe (wedding cake), umugeni yawurumagaho usigaye akawivungagurira ku mutwe akawutondekaho nk’indabo, kugira ngo we n’umugabo we bazabone ibyo bazifuza mu buzima byose.

Uko iminsi yagiye ishira, imitsima ikatwa mu bukwe, yatangiye guhenduka ugereranyije na mbere kuko yabonekaga mu miryango ikomeye ifite ahabugenewe ho kuyitekera (ifuru). Uko guhenduka kwajyanaga no guhindura uko bakora iyo mitsima, batangira kujya basigaho ibintu bisa n’ibiyifunitse ariko na byo biribwa(crème), gusa icyo gihe nko mu Bwongereza, ngo umutsima w’ubukwe wasigwagaho ibara ry’umweru gusa bisobanura ko umugeni ari isugi, ariko ku rundi ruhande, rikanagaragaza uko umuryango uhagaze mu bijyanye n’ubukungu.

Ku rubuga https://www.lecourrierdusud.ca bavuga ko umutsima w’ubukwe ukatwa n’ab’ubu, ufite inkomoko mu Bugiriki bwa kera (Grèce antique). Muri icyo gihe ngo abatumiwe mu bukwe bafataga umugati bakawumanyurira hejuru y’abageni babifuriza ibyishimo n’umunezero ndetse n’uburumbuke.

Byagendaga bihinduka uko imyaka itambuka. Muri ibyo bihe byo hambere (Moyen Âge) igikorwa cyo gukata umutsima w’ubukwe cyafatwaga nk’aho ari cyo gikorwa cyane mbere umugabo n’umugore bakoze bagihuriyeho nk’abasezeranye byemewe n’amategeko. Mu gihe cyo gukata umutsima, ikiganza cy’umugabo cyagombaga gufata ku cy’umugore we nk’ikimenyetso cy’uburumbuke no kumurinda (protection).

Ku rubuga http://www.les-colonnades.com, bavuga ku gisobanuro cyo gukata umutsima mu bukwe mu bihugu bitandukanye. Mu gihe cy’Abaromani ngo bamanyuriraga umugati hejuru y’umugeni nk’ikimenyetso ko atakaje ubusugi, ariko banamwifuriza kuzabyara agaheka.

Mu Bufaransa, mu myaka ya kera bo batondekaga iyo mitsima,uko igenda izamuka bikaba bisobanura uko ibyishimo by’urwo rugo rushya bizangana. Uko gukora imitsima ikoze ikintu gisa n’inzu igerekeranye (etage) byahise bikwira mu bihugu byinshi mu kinyejana cya 19.

Muri Madagascar, kugeza mu kinyejana cya 19, umutsima w’ubukwe witwa ‘Koba’, wakatwaga mu rwego rwo kwifuriza abasezeranye kuzahirwa. Mu by’ivugabutumwa byari bimaze kwamamara cyane kuri icyo kirwa, batangiye kujya bakoresha imitsima igerekeranye ari irindwi bifite icyo bisobanuye mu myemerere, kandi bikanajyana n’umuco wa ‘malagasy’ wo muri icyo gihugu.

Iyo igihe cyo gukata uwo mutsima cyageraga, umugeni agakata wenyine, byabaga bisobanuye ko atakaje ubusugi, mu gihe gukata bafatanyije byagaragazaga igikorwa cya mbere bakoze bombi nk’abashakanye no kugaragaza uko bazafatanya mu kuyobora urugo rwabo.