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Ibi bikubiye mu bushakashatsi NISR yashyize hanze mu Ukuboza 2020, bugamije kwerekana ishusho y’uko urwego rw’ubuhinzi rwawusoje ruhagaze. Bukorwa ku bufatanye n’inzego zose zireberera urwego rw’ubuhinzi.

Ubu bushakashatsi bubaye ku nshuro ya kabiri bwakozwe hagendewe ku makuru yavuye mu bihembwe byose by’ubuhinzi by’umwaka wa 2019/2020 ni ukuvuga igihembwe cya A (Nzeri-Gashyantare), igihembwe cya B ( Werurwe-Kamena) n’igihembwe cya C kiganzamo ubuhinzi bw’imboga, ibijumba bukorerwa mu gishanga n’ubw’ibirayi bukorerwa mu gace k’ibirunga.

Ubu bushakashatsi bukubiye muri raporo izwi nka ‘Upgraded Seasonal Agricultural Survey annual report’ bugaragaza ko ingano y’ahakorerwa ubuhinzi mu 2019/2020 yazamutseho 2% ugereranyije n’umwaka wari wabanje.

Bugaragaza ko u Rwanda rufite ubutaka buhinzeho n’ubushobora guhingwaho bungana na hegitari miliyoni 1,4 ( bingana na 59% by’igihugu cyose) mu gihembwe A muri ubu butaka ubwahinzweho bungana na hegitari miliyoni 1,14, mu gihe mu gihembwe B hahinzwe ubungana na hegitari miliyoni 1,19.

Mu 2019/2020 ubutaka bwose bwahinzweho ni hegitari miliyoni 1,1 ( 81% by’ubutaka bwose bushobora guhingwaho) ubu buso bw’ubutaka bwahinzweho bwazamutse ku kigero cya 2% ugereranyije n’ubwari bwahinzweho mu 2018/2019.

Mu mwaka wa 2019/2020 umusaruro w’ibikomoka ku buhinzi muri rusange wazamutseho 5% ugereranyije n’umwaka ushize, nk’umusaruro w’urutoki wazamutseho 12%, uw’amasaka n’ibigori uzamukaho 7% mu gihe uw’imyumbati wazamutseho 8%.

Impuzandengo y’ingano y’ibihingwa byagiye byera kuri hegitari imwe igaragaza ko mu mwaka ushize kuri hegitari imwe heze toni 1,5 y’ibigori, hera toni imwe y’amasaka, toni 3,9 z’umuceri, toni imwe y’ingano na toni 14,6 z’imyumbati.

Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza kandi ko kuri hegitari imwe heze ibijumba toni 7,1, ibirayi toni 8,2, ibikoro n’amateke toni 6.5, ibitoki byo guteka toni 18,04 wakongeraho n’ibyo kwenga n’iby’imineke umusaruro wabyo byose kuri hegitari ukangana na toni 9,07.

Muri uyu mwaka ushize kandi u Rwanda kuri hegitari imwe rwejeje ibishyimbo bingana na toni 0,68, ubunyobwa toni 0,45, soya toni 0,49, imboga toni 9,4 n’imbuto toni 4,96.

Uko umusaruro wa buri gihingwa uhagaze

Ibigori: Ubushakashatsi bwa NISR bugaragaza ko mu gihembwe cya A cy’umwaka wa 2020, ubuso bwari buhinzeho ibigori bwanganaga na hegitari 2 221 521, bukaba bwarazamutseho 3% ugereranyije n’ubuso byari bihinzeho mu gihembwe nk’iki mu 2019.

Muri iki gihembwe kandi umusaruro w’ibigori wazamutseho 7% ugera kuri toni 353 999 ugereranyije n’aho wari uhagaze mu gihembwe A cya 2019. Impuzandego y’umusaruro w’ibigori igaragaza ko muri iki gihembwe kuri hegitari imwe heze toni 1,5.

Mu gihembwe cya B, ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza ko ubuso bwahinzweho ibigori butahindutse ugereranyije n’igihembwe cya B 2019, gusa umusaruro wo wazamutseho 5% ugera kuri toni 94 634.

Ibijumba: Mu gihembwe A cya 2020 ubuso buhinzeho ibijumba bwanganaga na hegitari 89 427, wagereranya n’ubwo byari buhinzeho mu gihembwe nk’iki mu 2019 ugasanga bwagabanutseho 8%, ibi byatumye n’umusaruro wabyo ugabanukaho 6% ugera kuri toni 635,007.

Mu gihembwe B ubuso buhinzeho ibijumba bwiyongeyeho 4% ugereranyije n’ubwo byari bihinzeho mu gihembwe nk’iki mu mwaka wari wabanje bugera kuri hegitari 84 545, ndetse muri iki gihembwe umusaruro wazamutseho 12% kuko habonetse toni 611 425.

Imibare y’igihembwe C igaragaza ko ubuso bwari buhinzeho ibijumba bwanganaga na hegitari 5583, bukaba bwarazamutseho 5% ugereranyije n’uko bwanganaga mu gihembwe nk’iki umwaka wari wabanje.

Kimwe n’ubuso umusaruro w’ibijumba muri iki gihembwe na wo wazamutseho 10%.

Ibirayi: Imibare y’Igihembwe A cya 2020 igaragaza ko ubuso bwari buhinzeho ibirayi bwazamutseho 4% ugereranyije n’ubwo byari bihinzeho mu 2019 bugera kuri hegitari 51 516, gusa umusaruro wabyo wabonetse muri iki gihembwe wagabanutseho 9% ugereranyije n’uwari wabonetse mu mwaka wari wabanje ugera kuri toni 427 471.

Imibare yo mu Gihembwe B igaragaza ko ubuso bwari buhinzeho ibirayi bwagabanutse ku kigero cya 11% ugereranyije n’ubwo byari bihinzeho mu gihembwe nk’iki mu 2019. Ubu buso bwageze kuri hegitari 43 950.

Umusaruro nawo wagabanutseho 17% ugera kuri toni 352 441. Mu Gihembwe C ubuso buhinzeho ibirayi bwarazamutse ku kigero cya 5% ugereranyije n’ubwo byari bihinzeho mu gihembwe nk’iki mu 2019, gusa umusaruro wo wagabanutseho 4% ugera kuri toni 78 609.

Imyumbati: Imibare y’Igihembwe B igaragaza ko ubuso bwari buhinzeho imyumbati bwanganaga na hegitari 190 447. Ubu buso bwaganutseho 2% ugereranyije n’ubwo yari ihinzeho mu gihembwe nk’iki mu 2019, gusa umusaruro wo wazamutseho 11% ugera kuri toni 578 545.

Mu Gihembwe cya B ubuso buhinzeho imyumbati bwazamutseho 2% bugera kuri hegitari 192 156, umusaruro nawo wazamutseho 6% ugereranyije n’uko wanganaga mu 2019 ugera kuri toni 701 037.

Nubwo umusaruro wa byinshi mu bihingwa wazamutse muri uyu mwaka wa 2019/2020, ku muceri, ibirayi n’ibishyimbo ho siko bimeze kuko umuceri wagabanutseho 11%, ibirayi bigabanukaho 12% n’ibishyimbo bigabanukaho 9%.

Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza ko mu 2019/2020 mu Gihembwe A abahinzi 35,2% bakoresheje imbuto y’indobanure, mu Gihembwe cya B ikoreshwa n’abagera kuri 15,6% mu gihe mu Gihembwe C yakoreshejwe n’abagera kuri 30,6%.

Muri uyu mwaka kandi mu Gihembwe cya A abahinzi 63,6% bakoresheje ifumbire y’imborera, mu Gihembwe B ikoreshwa n’abagera kuri 51,7% mu gihe mu cya C yakoreshejwe n’abahinzi 76,1%.

Abakoresheje ifumbire mvaruganda mu gihembwe cya A ni 21.2%, abayikoresheje muri B ni 15.3% abayikoresheje muri C ni 64.1%.

Umusaruro w’umuceri na wo waguye hasi

Umusaruro w’ibirayi waragabanutse mu gihembwe cya mbere cy’umwaka ushize

Mu 2019/2020 umusaruro w’ibikomoka ku buhinzi wazamutseho 5%

Ubwoko butandukanye bwa za telefone abantu bagiye batunga igihe zari zicyaduka mu Rwanda

Numa yagize ati “Imodoka zishobora kuba zarabisikaniye nko muri Nyungwe nta wamenya, hahhhh,…uwo muntu w’inshuti yanjye yagezeyo abaturanyi bamubwira ko iwabo na bo bazindutse baza i Kigali kumusura,…ubuzima bwa mbere ya telefone bwarimo wasi wasi nyinshi cyane”.

Uruhare rw’impayamaguru n’abafite amajwi aranguruye

Umusaza w’imyaka 82 utuye mu Karere ka Burera, Philippe Furere ujijukiwe n’amateka y’isi avuga ko kuva kera imodoka, indege na telefone bitari byabaho, itumanaho ryakorwaga n’abitwa impayamaguru hamwe n’abantu bafite amajwi aranguruye.

Umusaza Furere avuga ko mu mateka y’ubwami (Abanyaburayi cyane cyane) bagiraga abitwa ‘pioneers’ bashinzwe gutwara ubutumwa buva cyangwa bujya ahantu hatandukanye ku isi, ariko babaga bagiye no kwigira abo bami imiterere y’ibice bitandukanye by’isi.

Ishusho y’impayamaguru (messengers)mu bwami bwa Roma

Furere avuga ko muri rusange umwami yabaga afite intumwa “messengers” zigiye ziri ku misozi itandukanye ku ntera iringaniye umuntu abasha kwiruka, zagendaga zihererekanya ubutumwa bukagera iyo bujya budahagaze mu nzira.

Aba bantu bitwaga ‘impayamaguru’, si ko bose bakoreshaga uburyo bwo kwiruka n’amaguru mu bihugu byose, kuko mu bwami bwa Roma babaga bifashisha amafarashi yiruka cyane.

Impamvu yo gukoresha ‘impayamaguru’ ni uko zabaga zitwaye ubutumwa bw’ibanga ibwami badashaka ko bujya ku karubanda, ariko iyo byabaga ari amakuru asanzwe hifashishwaga abantu bafite amajwi aranguruye.

Furere yagize ati “ari nk’umuntu wapfuye bashakaga umuntu uhagarara ku gasozi ahirengeye akabwira abandi bari ku tundi dusozi, nabo bagahagarara ahirengeye bakabwira abandi bo ku dusozi two hirya yaho, gutyo gutyo”.

Ibitabo by’amateka y’u Rwanda bikomeza bigaragaza ko hari n’aho bakoreshaga ingoma, zikagira imurishyo itandukanye bitewe n’icyo i bwami bashaka kubwira abaturage.

Nk’urugero, umurishyo w’ingoma y’impuruza ihururiza abaturage kwitabira urugamba wabaga utandukanye n’umurishyo w’ingoma ibika itanga ry’umwami(yapfuye), cyangwa uwo kuvuga amacumu y’ingabo zatabarutse ku rugamba.

Uburyo bw’itumanaho bwagiye bworoshywa no kujyana ubutumwa hifashishijwe imodoka zadutse ahagana mu 1770, nyuma mu mwaka 1844 havumburwa imashini za telegaramu zoherezanya ubutumwa bw’ibimenyetso, umuntu yabisoma agakuramo amagambo afite ubusobanuro.

Uretse gutuma impayamaguru, mu kwihutisha gutanga ubutumwa bashaka umuntu ufite ijwiri riranguruye agahagarara ku musozi ahirengeye akamenyesha abantu ibyabaye

Nyuma y’imyaka mike mu 1877 uwitwa Alexander Graham Bell yavumbuye telefone ya mbere yo mu biro cyangwa mu rugo ikoresha urutsinga, ariko iyo telefone yakomeje kunganirwa na telegaramu, imodoka n’indege mu kuvana ubutumwa hamwe bujya ahandi.

Iri tumanaho ryose ariko ryakoreshwaga n’umugabo rigasiba undi bitewe n’uko ryifashisha ibikoresho n’uburyo buhenze.

Telefone ya mbere yo mu nzu yavumbuwe mu 1877

Igitekerezo cyo gukora telefone zigendanwa cyagizwe bwa mbere n’uruganda rw’Abanyamerika Motorola rukora ibikoreshwa n’amashanyarazi (electronics) mu mwaka wa 1940.

Nyuma yaho mu mwaka wa 1973 uwitwa Martin Cooper wayoboraga ubushakashatsi muri urwo ruganda rwa Motorola yaje kumurika telefone igendanwa ya mbere yitwaga ‘Motorola DynaTac 8000 mu mihanda y’i New York muri Amerika.

Motorola DynaTac 8000, telefone ya mbere igendanwa yavumbuwe mu 1973

Icyo gihe abatuye isi muri rusange bari bakomeje gutumanaho hakoreshejwe kugenda n’amaguru cyangwa kohereza intumwa, itumanaho rya telefone (zitwa fixe), iposita no kugenda mu modoka bigaharirwa abifite n’abajijutse.

Umubyeyi witwa Umupfasoni yagize ati “inshuti yanjye twarahuraga tukaganira imbonankubone, naba nshaka ko duhura nkandika urwandiko nkaruha gasaza kanjye kakarwirukankana ubwo na we akaba anyoherereje igisubizo…, ni urwo rujya n’uruza rwabagaho nta bya telefone”.

Umwaka wa1998, umwaduko wa telefone zigendanwa mu Rwanda

Mu kwezi kwa Nzeri 1998 nibwo Sosiyete MTN Rwanda Cell yazaga gukorera mu Rwanda, akaba ari bwo Umunyarwanda wa mbere yatunze telefone igendanwa.

Telefone za mbere mu Rwanda zabanje mu bayobozi bakuru b’Igihugu, zigenda zimanuka zigera muri rubanda gake gake uko imyaka igenda ishira.

Alain Numa yakomeje asobanura ko icyo gihe MTN yagurishaga telefone nini zo mu bwoko bwa Nokia zimeze nk’ibibando, ariko nyuma yaho hagiye haza telefone nto zo mu bwoko bwa Alcatel, Motorola, Samsung n’izindi.

Numa yibukije uburyo guhamagara no kwitaba byombi byari bihenze kuko umuntu yaguraga ikarita yo guhamagara y’amafaranga 2,500 ndetse n’iyo kwitaba ya 2,500Frw, kandi zombi zikamara ukwezi kumwe gusa.

Yagize ati “gukoresha ubwo buryo buhenze zari ingamba zigamije gufasha gukwirakwiza vuba vuba iminara(hirya no hino mu gihugu)”.

Bitewe no guhenda kwa telefone ubwazo n’ama inite yo guhamagara, haje gukoreshwa telefone za rusange zitwaga ‘Tuvugane’, nyuma ziza kwitwa ‘Terimbere’.

Ubwo andi masosiyete y’itumanaho ya Tigo na Airtel aba araje, ikiguzi MTN yari yarashyizeho cyo kwitaba kiba gikuweho ndetse n’icyo guhamagara kigenda kigabanyuka kugeza uyu munsi aho umuntu ashobora kugura ‘ama inite’ y’amafaranga 100.

Byinshi mu byaranze telefone zigendanwa mu Rwanda wabisanga mu nkuru yacu twakoze muri 2019, ivuga ku ngorane no guhuzagurika kwabayeho ubwo ikoranabuhanga rya telefone ngendanwa ryazaga ritari rimenyerewe.

Mu myaka 20 telefone igendanwa imaze igeze mu Rwanda, ubuzima bwarahindutse ku buryo umumaro wayo warenze guhamagarana no kwandikirana ubutumwa bugufi, ubu telefone ikaba yarabaye ishingiro ry’imibereho ya buri munsi.

Uretse kuba igikoresho cyo gutumanaho no kumenya amakuru y’ibibera hose ku isi, telefone ni banki umuntu abitsaho amafaranga (kuri Mobile/Airtel Money) ndetse ikaba imaze gusimbura inoti n’ibiceri umuntu yitwazaga ajya guhaha no kwishyura ibintu na serivisi zitandukanye.

Numa wo muri MTN yakomeje agira ati “Telefone yarinze benshi ingendo zabavunaga kuko umuntu ufite inka muri Nyabihu bitakiri ngombwa guhora ajya kuzireba azishyiriye imiti, ndetse abantu kuri ubu ntibikiri ngombwa ko bakorana inama bari kumwe”.

Kubeshya no kubura urukundo, bimwe mu bibi byiyongereye kubera telefone

Ushobora kuba uri mu modoka ukumva uwo muri kumwe arahamagaye kuri telefone ati “Ngeze i Nyabugogo” nyamara iyo modoka arimo iri mu mujyi wa Muhanga.

Muri iki gihe smartphones hari abatazishira amakenga bakavuga ko n’ubwo zazanye iterambere zigenda zigabanya urukundo no gushyikirana hagati y’abantu

Uretse ibinyoma, kurangaza abantu rimwe rimwe zibatoza imico mibi, telefone ngo zatumye urukundo mu bantu rutakibaho nk’uko twabisobanuriwe n’umubyeyi witwa Musabyemaliya Jacqueline utuye i Kigali.

Yagize ati “Kera umuntu yakumburaga undi akajya kumusura, none ubu iyo amuhamagaye akabona ifoto ye kuri whatsapp, biba birangiye”.

Musabyemaliya avuga ko uko telefone zazanye iterambere no kujijuka mu bantu, ari nako zazanye ibibi bituma benshi batakaza ubumuntu.

Imibare igaragaza ko mu myaka itanu ishize abaturage bahawe amashanyarazi bavuye kuri 13% by’abari batuye aka Karere bakagera kuri 63,84% ndetse Akarere kanashyize imbaraga mu kongera ingano y’imihanda imurikirwa n’amatara mu gihe cy’ijoro.

Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Gisagara, Rutaburingoga Jérôme, avuga ko bavuye kure kuko mu 1994 muri aka Karere nta muturage n’umwe wagiraga amashanyarazi, kugeza n’aho akarere kubatse, hose nta mashanyarazi yaharangwaga. Mu 2010 abayafite nabwo bari bake cyane kuko banganaga na 2.2%, ariko muri 2015 baza kwiyongera bagera kuri 13%.

Yagize ati “Twateye intambwe kuko twavuye kuri 13% tugera kuri 63,84% aho amashanyarazi mu gihe cy’imyaka itanu yikubye hafi inshuro eshanu. Kuva 2010 kugeza uyu munsi mu myaka 10 dukubye inshuro hafi 32. Ni ibintu bikomeye cyane umuntu yakwishimira.”

Amatara yo ku mihanda nayo muri iyi myaka itanu ishize hubatswe ibilometero 22,3, bisanga ibindi umunani byari bihari. Ubwo byose hamwe ni ibilometero 30,3.

Muri aka Karere kandi hagiye kuzura uruganda rwa nyiramugengeri ruzatangira gutanga amashanyarazi muri Werurwe 2021, rukazatuma amashanyarazi ari mu gihugu hose yiyongeraho 40%.

Hubatswe imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi itandukanye irimo uwa Mayaga-Hakani-Kibirizi- Nyange ifite ibilometero 92, wahaye amashanyarazi ingo ibihumbi 23. Hari kandi n’uwa Remera-Muganza-Ndora ufite ibilometero 43 wagejeje amashanyarazi ku baturage barenga ibihumbi 16 ndetse n’uwa Higiro-Kigembe-Mukindo w’ibilometero 100 watumye ingo zisaga ibihumbi 40 zibona amashanyarazi.

Mu myaka itanu ishize abaturage begerejwe amazi meza muri metero zitarenze 500 basaga 12% by’abatuye Akarere, kuko bavuye kuri 61% bagera ku kigero cya 72,5%.

Bamwe mu baturage bo mu Karere ka Gisagara bavuga ko guhabwa amashanyarazi n’amazi meza ari iterambere kuri bo kuko byabahinduriye imibereho.

Karamage Frederic wo mu Murenge wa Mamba yagize ati “Imibereho yacu yarahindutse kuko badutuje mu mudugudu mwiza urimo amashanyarazi n’amazi meza. Ntabwo tukirwara indwara ziterwa n’umwanda kuko dufite amazi meza kandi tuba ahantu hafite isuku.”

Mukamwiza Immaculee wo mu Murenge wa Kansi na we avuga ko guhabwa amazi meza n’amashanyarazi byabahinduriye ubuzima.

Ati “Amazi meza yaradufashije cyane kuko twari tuyakeneye none bayaduhaye hafi ku buryo umwana ayavoma hafi akabona uko ajya ku ishuri. Mu ngo zacu turangwa n’usuku muri byose. Amashanyarazi atuma tuba ahabona kandi abana basubiramo amasomo nimugoroba nta kibazo.”

Mu dusanteri dutandukanye two mu mirenge igize Akarere ka Gisagara hakorerwa ibikorwa bitandukanye bikenera amashanyarazi ku buryo nta washidikanya ko kuyahageza byatumye benshi bihangira imirimo irimo gusudira, kwandikisha imashini, gufotoza impapuro, serivise z’Irembo n’ibindi.

Kugeza ubu Akarere ka Gisagara gafite ingo 88,201 ziri mu mirenge 13 ikagize n’utugari 59 naho imidugudu ikaba 514.

Ingo zimaze guhabwa amashanyarazi zose ni 56,307 harimo izahawe akomoka ku miyoboro migari 45,101 zingana na 51,13% by’ingo ziri muri Gisagara. Hari kandi izahawe amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba, zingana na 11,206 (12,7%).

Imiyoboro igeza amashanyarazi ku baturage imaze kugera henshi mu Karere ka Gisagara

Abatujwe mu midugudu bagahabwa amazi n’amashanyarazi bavuga ko byabahinduriye ubuzima

Abacururiza mu dusanteri twahawe amashanyarazi bavuga ko bazarushaho kwihangira imirimo

Mu dusanteri twa Gisagara hari kugaragara impinduka bitewe n’amashanyarazi yahagejejwe

Mu baturage bahawe amashanyarazi harimo n’abakoresha ay’imirasire y’izuba

Rutaburingoga Jérôme uyobora Akarere ka Gisagara avuga ko kavuye kure kuko mu 1994 nta mashanyarazi na macye yaharangwaga

Ku rubuga rwa Twitter rw’ikipe ya Liverpool bagize bati “Dufite agahinda kenshi kubera inkuru y’urupfu rwa Gerry Marsden, amagambo ye tuzahora tuyibuka.”

Gerry wavukiye i Liverpool, yaririmbaga mu itsinda ryitwa Gerry and the Pacemakers ryaje kuririmba iyi ndiririmbo ya You’ll never walk alone yari yaranditswe na Rogers na Hammerstein mu 1945.

You’ll never walk alone bisobanura ntuzigera ugenda wenyine mu kinyarwanda ya Gerry yakunzwe n’abafana b’umupira w’amaguru cyane cyane ab’ikipe ya Liverpool ikaza kuba nk’ikirango.

Si ikipe ya Liverpool yakunze gukoresha iyi ndirimbo gusa kuko andi makipe nka Celtic, Feyenoord na Dortmund bagiye bakoresha iyi ndirimbo.

Iyi kandi yari yarayisubiyemo muri 2020 ayiririmbira abaganga b’Abongereza bavuraga abarwayi muri iki gihe cya Covid-19.