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- Capitol: Inyubako iberaho umuhango w’irahira rya perezida wa USA
Iyi ni imwe mu mpamvu yatumye Perezida Donald Trump ahitamo kutitabira umuhango w’irahira rya Joe Biden ugiye kumusimbura kuri uwo mwanya. Ariko se wari uzi ko Donald Trump atari we perezida wenyine wa Amerika wanze kwitabira ukurahira k’uwo basimburanye?
Dore bimwe mu bintu bidasanzwe byagiye biranga imihango yo kurahira kw’abakuru b’igihugu muri USA:
1. George Washington wabaye Perezida wa mbere wa USA (1789–1797) yagombye kuguza amafaranga kugira ngo abashe kwitabira umuhango w’irahira rye. N’ubwo ku ruhande rumwe uyu mugabo yari umukire umuntu arebye ingano y’ubutaka yari atunze, dore ko yari afite hegitari zisaga ibihumbi 20 z’ubutaka, ku rundi ruhande yari umukene kuko ngo akenshi nta mafaranga mu ntoki yabaga afite. Byabaye ngombwa rero ko aguza amafaranga kugira ngo abashe gukora urugendo rwerekeza mu mujyi wa New York aho imihango yo kurahira yabereye.
2. Mu gihe kuri ubu imihango yose ijyanye no kurahira k’umukuru w’igihugu isigaye ibera mu murwa mukuru Washington, kera ntabwo ari ko byari bimeze. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 1801 imihango yo kurahira yaberaga mu mujyi wa New York cyangwa se uwa Philadelphia. Iyi mijyi yombi ikaba yarigeze kuba imirwa mikuru ya USA.
Mu gihe kandi ubu bimenyerewe ko iyi mihango ibera ku nzu y’inteko ishinga amategeko (The Capitol) kandi ikabera hanze, mu bihe byashize, kubera impamvu zitandukanye, yagiye ibera ahandi hantu hatandukanye harimo muri White House (ibiro bya Perezida), mu ndege, ndetse no muri Capitol imbere kubera ko ibihe byabaga byahindutse cyane bitewe ahanini n’ubukonje bwinshi.
3. Kuri ubu biramenyerewe ko imihango y’irahira ry’umukuru w’igihugu iba buri gihe tariki 20 Mutarama, ariko kugeza mu mwaka wa 1937, iyi mihango yabaga tariki 4 Werurwe. Inteko ishinga amategeko ya USA yahinduye itegeko nshinga mu mwaka wa 1933, ikemeza ko iyi mihango yimurirwa tariki 20 Mutarama. Iyo iyi tariki ihuye n’umunsi wo ku cyumweru, perezida mushya arahira mu muhango uba hari abantu bake, ubundi imihango rusange yo kurahira ikimurirwa ku wa mbere tariki 21 Mutarama. Ni ukuvuga ko iki gihe perezida mushya arahira inshuro ebyiri. Ibi bimaze kuba inshuro eshatu; mu 1957, 1985, na 2013 ubwo Barack Obama yarahiraga manda ya kabiri. Gusa mu mwaka wa 1849, Zachary Taylor wabaye Perezida wa 12 wa USA, yanze kurahira ku cyumweru kubera ko ngo yashakaga “kubahiriza umunsi w’isabato”. Ibi byatumye habaho icyuho mu butegetsi bw’icyo gihugu, ku buryo byabaye ngombwa ko hitabazwa perezida wa sena David Rice Atchison, kugira ngo abe ari we uba perezida mu gihe cy’amasaha 24. Kugeza ubu haracyagibwa impaka hibazwa niba David Rice Atchison na we yabarwa nka perezida w’icyo gihugu.
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- Donald Trump ubwo yarahiriraga kuyobora muri manda y’imyaka ine yarangiye kuri uyu wa Gatatu
4. N’ubwo Donald Trump atitabiriye irahira rya Joe Biden, si we perezida wenyine wakoze ibi mu mateka y’iki gihugu. Uwa mbere wabikoze ni John Adams (wabaye perezida wa 2 wa USA) wanze kwitabira irahira rya Thomas Jefferson mu 1081, kubera ko batumvikanaga. Uwa kabiri wabikoze ni umuhungu we John Quincy Adams (wabaye perezida wa 6 wa USA) wanze kwitabira irahira rya Andrew Jackson mu 1829. Martin Van Buren (wabaye perezida wa 8 wa USA) na we ntabwo yitabiriye irahira rya William Henry Harrison mu 1841 kubera impamvu zitamenyekanye. Andrew Johnson wabaye Perezida wa 17 wa USA we yahisemo gutegura Inama y’Abaminisitiri ku munsi wa nyuma wa manda ye aho kugira ngo yitabire irahira rya Ulysses S. Grant mu 1869. Undi ni Woodrow Wilson wabaye perezida wa 28 wa USA utarabashije kwitabira irahira rya Warren G. Harding mu 1921 kubera impamvu z’uburwayi.
5. Franklin Pierce wabaye perezida wa 14 wa USA, yanze “kurahirira ku mugaragaro” ahubwo ahitamo “kwemera ku mugaragaro” inshingano z’umukuru w’igihugu. Pierce akaba yarakoze ibi kubera ko yari amaze gutakaza ukwemera kwe, nyuma y’urupfu rw’umuhungu we rukumbi rwabaye amezi abiri mbere y’uko arahira. Bitandukanye n’abandi bategetsi ba USA, Pierce yanze gukoresha Bibiliya mu irahira rye.
6. William Henry Harrison wabaye perezida wa 9 wa USA, yesheje agahigo ko kuba ari we wavuze ijambo rirerire ubwo yarahiriraga inshingano ze mu mwaka wa 1841. Ijambo rya Harrison ryamaze amasaha abiri, arivugira mu bukonje bukabije. Ibi byamuteye indwara y’ibihaha yamuhitanye nyuma y’ukwezi kumwe gusa. Harrison akaba afite agahigo ko kugira ijambo rirerire no kuba ari we wamaze igihe gito ku butegetsi, dore ko yabumazeho iminsi 31 gusa.
Ni mu gihe George Washington we ijambo rye ryamaze igihe gito cyane kuko yakoresheje amagambo 135 gusa.
7. Barack Obama yarahiye inshuro 4! Mu mwaka wa 2009 ubwo yarahiraga bwa mbere, perezida w’urukiko rw’ikirenga yasomye nabi amwe mu magambo agize indahiro, biba ngombwa ko Barack Obama yongera kurahira ku nshuro ya kabiri, umunsi ukurikiyeho, mu rwego rwo kwirinda ko hari izindi ngaruka byazateza mu gihe kiri imbere. Barack Obama yongeye kurahira ku nshuro ya gatatu tariki 20 Mutarama 2013, ubwo yari atangiye manda ye ya kabiri. Ariko uwo munsi wahuriranye no ku cyumweru biba ngombwa ko yongera kurahira mu ruhame ku wa mbere tariki 21 Mutarama 2013.
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- Barack Obama yarahiye inshuro enye
8. Kurahira k’umukuru w’igihugu muri USA ni igikorwa gikurura itangazamakuru ryaba iry’aho muri USA ndetse n’ahandi ku isi.
Mu mwaka wa 1801 nibwo bwa mbere ikinyamakuru cyandika kuri iki gikorwa, aho ikinyamakuru National Intelligencer gisohora ijambo rya Thomas Jefferson.
Ifoto ya mbere y’irahira ry’umukuru w’igihugu muri USA yafashwe mu mwaka wa 1857, mu irahira rya James Buchanan.
Amashusho (video) ya mbere y’irahira ry’umukuru w’igihugu yafashwe mu mwaka wa 1897, ubwo William McKinley yatangiraga imirimo ye.
Mu 1925, irahira rya Calvin Coolidge ryanyujijwe kuri radio mu gihugu hose, naho mu 1949 irahira rya Harry S. Truman ryanyujijwe kuri televiziyo ku nshuro ya mbere.
Mu gihe kuri ubu abantu benshi hirya no hino ku isi bari bubashe kureba irahira rya Joe Biden binyuze kuri murandasi, mbere y’umwaka wa 1997, ntabwo byari bushoboke. Bill Clinton ni we Perezida wa mbere warahiye kandi imihango igacishwa kuri Internet.
