Category: Uncategorized

Mu gitondo cyo kuri uyu wa Kane tariki 28 Mutarama, nibwo uyu mugabo yagiye kuri polisi yo ku Murenge wa Kimisagara, ajya kwirega ko umugore we witwaga Uwamariya Jacqueline, yamwishe.

Inzego zishinzwe umutekano zahise zimuzana mu rugo iwe, zihageze zisanga umugore yamaze gushiramo umwuka, gusa zasanze n'umwana w'imyaka umunani w'uyu muryango yamaje guhamagaza abaturanyi.

Amakuru IGIHE yamenye ni uko uyu muryango wari umaze amezi abiri uje gutura muri aka gace, gusa ngo ibijyanye n'amakimbirane adakabije wari ufitanye ubuyobozi bwari bwarayamenye.

Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w'Umurenge wa Gatsata, Munyaneza Aimable yabwiye IGIHE ko ubuyobozi bw'umudugudu bwari bumaze igihe gito bumenye ko muri urwo rugo harimo amakimbirane adakabije.

Ati 'Bari bamaze nk'amezi abiri baje gutura mu Gatsata, bari babanye nabi ariko bidakabije, ni intonganya zo mu muryango bisanzwe. Abayobozi bari bakibikurikirana ngo barebe uko bashaka umuti.'

Munyaneza yasabye abaturage kujya bihutira gutanga amakuru mu gihe babonye hari imiryango ifitanye ikibazo icyo aricyo cyose aho kugira ngo bigere aho kuba umwe yakwambura undi ubuzima.

Yagize ati 'Abaturage bite ku mibanire ya bagenzi babo, ingo babona zirimo amakimbirane bakabimenyesha ubuyobozi bukaba bwabikemura mu maguru mashya.'

Kugeza ubu Hategekimana yahise atabwa muri yombi mu gihe iperereza ryatangiye gukorwa n'Urwego rw'Ubugenzacyaha, RIB naho umurambo wa nyakwigendera wo wahise ujyanwa mu bitaro gukorerwa isuzuma.

Uhamijwe n'Urukiko icyaha cyo kwicwa ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu.

Mu Murenge wa Gatsata haravugwa umugabo wishe umugore we agahita ajya kwirega kuri polisi

Yabitangaje kuri uyu wa Gatatu tariki 27 Mutarama 2020, ubwo yasubizaga bimwe mu bibazo yabajijwe na Komisiyo ya Politiki, Uburinganire n'Ubwuzuzanye bw'Abagabo n'Abagore mu Iterambere ry'Igihugu mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko, Umutwe w'Abadepite, ku bibazo byagaragaye muri raporo y'ibikorwa by'Urwego rw'Umuvunyi by'umwaka wa 2019-2020.

Nirere yabwiye Abadepite ko muri rusange, hari intambwe nini igihugu kimaze gutera mu kurwanya ruswa n'akarengane, kandi bigizwemo uruhare n'Urwego rw'Umuvunyi n'izindi nzego zitandukanye, yaba iza Leta, abikorera n'imiryango y'iterambere, yaba iyo mu Rwanda na mpuzamahanga, ndetse n'abaturage.

Abadepite babajije impamvu mu isesengura rya raporo z'Urwego rw'Umuvunyi mu myaka itatu ishize, kuva muri 2017 kugera muri 2020, igaragaza ko mu bibazo byerekeranye no kwimura abaturage ku mpamvu z'inyungu rusange, imanza zitarangizwa ndetse n'ibibazo by'ubutaka bihora biza ku isonga mu bibazo bigaruka buri mwaka.

Nirere yabwiye Abadepite ko ibibazo bikigaragara mu kwimura abaturage ku mpamvu z'inyungu rusange bituruka ku kudakora neza inyigo y'imishinga bityo ntihateganywe amafaranga ahagije yo kwishyura ibikorwa biba byangijwe.

Ikindi kibazo yagaragaje ni inzira ndende bifata kugira ngo umuturage yishyurwe kuva abaruriwe umutungo kugeza yishyuwe ndetse n'ikibazo cya ba rwiyemezamirimo batoroka batarangije amasoko batsindiye, bagasiga bambuye abaturage.

Yagize ati 'Haracyagaragara kandi abaturage bakorera ba rwiyemezamirimo ntibahabwe amasezeramo y'umurimo, ntibanagire nibura n'ibipande byerekana iminsi baba bakoze cyangwa ikindi cyangombwa cyanditse, cyagaragaza ko bakoreye uwo rwiyemezamirimo.'

Yasobanuye ko kubera iyo mikorere, 'Igihe havutse ibibazo, usanga biragoranye gukurikirana uwo rwiyemezamirimo, cyangwa igihe ibibazo bigiye mu nkiko hakabura inyandiko yatangwa nk'ikimenyetso cyanditse .'

Uretse ibyo bibazo hari nanone ibirebana n'imanza zitarangizwa, aho ngo abahesha b'inkiko batari ab'umwuga bataziha ubwihutirwe bukwiye, bigatuma zitinda kurangizwa.

Ibibazo by'ubutaka biracyari ingorabahizi

Ibibazo by'ubutaka ni bimwe mu bibazo bikomereye umuryango nyarwanda muri rusange, aho bigize igice kinini cy'ibibazo bigana inkiko ndetse n'ibigana Urwego rw'Umuvunyi.

Muri rusange, Abanyarwanda benshi bashingiye imibereho yabo ku butaka, bityo hakaba ubwo usanga imiryango cyangwa abafitanye amasano rimwe na rimwe bananiwe kumvikana ku micungire y'ubutaka. Ibi kandi byiyongera ku byuho biri mu itegeko ry'ubutaka bigomba gukemurwa binyuze mu ivugururwa ry'ayo mategeko.

Mu bindi bibazo byagaragajwe, hari iby'ibigo by'ubucuruzi byatsinzwe imanza ariko ntizirangizwe kuko ibyo bigo byahombye cyangwa bitakibaho.

Icyakora Urwego rw'Umuvunyi rwasabye inzego zirebwa n'ibi bibazo kwihutira kubikemura, ndetse n'imishinga yo kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z'inyungu rusange ikagenerwa ingengo y'imari ihagije mbere yo gutangira.

Nirere yagize ati 'Ibi bibazo bikigaragara birakwiye ko bikemuka vuba. Ubuvugizi burakomeza gukorwa mu nzego bireba cyane cyane ibyerekeye kwimura abaturage ku mpamvu z'inyungu rusange.”

“Ku byerekeye ibibazo by'ubutaka n'imanza zitarangizwa, amategeko abigenga arimo kunozwa, akazasohoka hari ibibazo byinshi akemura.'

Kurwanya ruswa bikwiye kuba umuco

Ku birebana no gukumira ruswa, abadepite babajije impamvu hari amatsinda yo kurwanya ruswa (Anti-corruption clubs) akunze kumvikana mu mashuri makuru na kaminuza ariko ugasanga ari make.

Abadepite babajije icyakorwa kugira ngo no mu byiciro by'amashuri yo hasi, ayo matsinda ahagezwe kandi akurikiranywe uko bikwiye kugira ngo atange umusaruro.

Urwego rw'Umuvunyi rugaragaza ko rwasuye abanyeshuri bo mashuri yisumbuye ari mu turere 12 muri uyu mwaka w'ingengo y'Imari wa 2019-2020, aho bigishijwe ku bubi bwa ruswa n'uruhare rwabo mu kuyirwanya ndetse banashishikarizwa gushinga amatsinda arwanya ruswa aho biga.

Umuvunyi Mukuru yavuze ko ari byiza ko urubyiruko rutangira gutozwa indangagaciro zo kwanga ruswa hakiri kare, ndetse ko ari na ngombwa ko mu masomo bigishwa hakwiye kongerwamo ubumenyi ku bijyanye no gukumira ruswa. Ati 'Kwanga no kutihanganira ruswa bikwiye kuba umuco.'

Uru rwego kandi ruvuga ko rukomeje gushyira imbaraga nyinshi mu kwigisha umuturage uruhare rwe mu kurwanya ruswa, ndetse no kumwigisha uburenganzura n'amategeko amurengera kugira ngo agire uruhare mu kwanga akarengane na ruswa.

Yakomeje agira ati 'Mu bijyanye no gukumira no kurwanya ruswa, turasanga guhera mu mashuri abanza, mu nteganyanyigisho zabo hakwiye kujyamo inyigisho zijyanye no gukumira no kurwanya ruswa kugira ngo gahunda yo kurandura ruswa burundu ibe umuco.'

Ikibazo cy'abashoferi batwara abakozi ba Leta cyagarutsweho

Urwego rw'Umuvunyi rwanasubije ku kibazo kireba abashoferi basabye kurenganurwa kubera ibirarane baberewemo n'ibigo byatsindiye amasoko yo gutwara abakozi ba Leta mu kazi hirya no hino mu gihugu.

Urwego rw'Umuvunyi ruvuga ko rumaze kubona ko ibi bibazo bihuriweho n'abantu benshi kandi bishyuza amafaranga menshi, rwakoze igenzura muri ibyo bigo (RTTA, PTS, GORILLAND SAFARIS Ltd) kuva muri Kamena kugeza muri Nzeri 2019 ndetse na SGES/ATT yasabwe imibare y'imyenda iberewemo kuko igenzura ryakozwe yarahagaze.

Muri iryo genzura, ibyo bigo byagaragarije Urwego rw'Umuvunyi intonde z'Inzego za Leta n'imyenda baberewemo ndetse basobanurira Urwego rw'Umuvunyi ko ari yo ntandaro yo kuba nabo batishyura abo bahaye akazi.

Nyuma yo kwegeranya iyi mibare, Urwego rw'Umuvunyi rwandikiye Minisiteri y'Ibikorwaremezo ruyigezaho raporo y'igenzura ikubiyemo n'inama zitandukanye iyo Minisiteri igomba gushyira mu bikorwa hagamijwe kunoza imikorere n'imikoranire n'ibyo bigo.

Perezida wa Komisiyo ya Politiki, Uburinganire n'Ubwuzuzanye bw'Abagabo n'Abagore mu Iterambere ry'Igihugu, Depite Rubagumya Furaha Emma, mu izina rya Komisiyo ayoboye, yashimye raporo bagejejweho n'Urwego rw'Umuvunyi ndetse avuga ko banyuzwe n'ibisobanuro bahawe.

Ibi biganiro hagati y'Urwego rw'Umuvunyi na Komisiyo ya Politiki, Uburinganire n'Ubwuzuzanye bw'Abagabo n'Abagore mu Iterambere ry'Igihugu mu Nteko Ishingamategeko byabaye hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga mu rwego rwo kwirinda ikwirakwira ry'icyorezo cya Coronavirus.

Umuvunyi Mukuru, Nirere Madeleine, yavuze hari intambwe nini yatewe mu kurandura ruswa n’akarengane mu Rwanda

Bamwe mu batishoboye barokotse Jenoside bo mu murenge wa Gacurabwenge mu Karere ka Kamonyi, baherutse kubwira IGIHE ko basabwa ibibanza mbere yo kubakirwa inzu nk'abatishoboye, bakavuga ko ari amananiza kuko badasanganywe ubutaka, kandi byabagora kubona ubundi kuko batishoboye.

Hari uwavuze ko adafite aho gutura kuva mu mwaka 1994. Yagiye ashyirwa ku rutonde rw'abagomba kubakirwa guhera mu mwaka wa 2014 ariko bikarangira atubakiwe, akemeza ko iyo aza kuba afite amafaranga yagura ikibanza aba yariyubakiye atarindiriye gufashwa na Leta.

Yaragize ati 'Baratubwiye ngo tugomba kubakirwa gusa hadaciyemo iminsi badusaba ko tugomba kwishakira ikibanza mu mudugudu w'icyitegererezo, ariko amafaranga y'ikibanza angana na miliyoni 1 Frw. Ubuse iyo mba mfite iyo miliyoni sinari kwiyubakira akazu ko guturamo koko?'

Hari abandi bavuze ko bemeye ko bafite ibibanza ngo badakurwa ku rutonde ariko mu by'ukuri ntabyo bafite.

Icyo gihe, Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w'Umurenge wa Gacurabwenge, Nyirandayisabye Christine, yavuze ko nta muntu wigeze agaragaza ikibazo cyo kubura ikibanza kandi ko imirimo yo kubakira abatishoboye igeze kure.

Ati 'Twebwe ayo makuru ntayo dufite rwose, ntayo nzi, icyo nzi ni uko batangiye gusiza aho bazubakirwa, kandi nta wigeze atugezaho ikibazo cy'uko yabuze ikibanza. Mu Murenge wa Gacurabwenge abantu bose bazubakirwa bafite ibibanza.'

Umuyobozi w'Akarere ka Kamonyi Wungirije Ushinzwe Imibereho myiza y'Abaturage, Uwamahoro Prisca, yabwiye IGIHE ko bagiye gukurikirana iki kibazo, byagaragara ko abaturage badafite uburyo bwo kubona ibibanza bagafashwa.

Amakuru IGIHE yamenye nuko umwanzuro wakomeje gufatwa ari uko udafite ikibanza akurwa ku rutonde, hakubakirwa ababifite kuri site zagenewe imidugudu.

Umuyobozi Mukuru wa FARG Madamu UWACU Julienne, yabwiye IGIHE ko ari ibisanzwe gusaba ibibanza abaturage mu gihe babifite.

Ati 'Ni ibisanzwe ariko ntabwo ari bishya. Ubusanzwe abatishoboye twubakira iyo bafite ibibanza ahasanzwe hagenewe guturwa niho tububakira.'

Gusa yavuze ko atumva ukuntu umuturage udafite ikibanza, cyangwa wabuze ubushobozi bwo kukigura, atubakirwa kandi bigaragara ko ari uwo gufashwa.

Ati 'iyo ugomba kubakirwa adafite ikibanza kandi adashobora kukibonera, dufatanya n'Akarere kumubonera ikibanza, akubakirwa kuri site yemewe yo guturaho hubahirijwe amategeko y'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka. Kamonyi rero nta mwihariko ifite.'

Uyu muyobozi yavuze ko atari yamenye aya makuru yo muri Kamonyi gusa ati'Tugiye kubikurikirana tubimenye neza, njyewe nta makuru ya Kamonyi yihariye mfite, birasaba ko mvugana na Kamonyi tukamenya ikibazo bafite.'

Mu mwaka wa 2019, FARG yatangaje ko yari imaze kubaka inzu 28,558 no gusana izindi 4,714. Kugira ngo ibi bikorwa bikomeze neza, hari hakenewe nibura miliyari 30 Frw yo gukoresha mu bikorwa byo kubakira abatishoboye inzu nshya no gusana izubatswe kera zishaje.

FARG yubakira amazu abatishoboye barokotse Jenoside mu rwego rwo guteza imbere imibereho yabo

Mu gitabo cy’itangiriro 1: 27 muri Bibiliya Yera, hagaragaza uko Imana yaremye umuntu, imurema mu ishusho yayo, Ishusho yo kwera no gukiranuka. Iyi shusho umuntu yaremwemo igizwe n’ibice bitatu aribyo umwuka, ubugingo n’umubiri nk’uko bigaragara mu 1 abatesaronike 5:23.

Reka ibi bice uko ari bitatu tubigereranye n’inzinga eshatu ariko zikikoramo rumwe aho zikurikirana rumwe ruri mu rundi. Umwuka uba mu bugingo ubugingo bukaba mu mubiri, kandi imibereho ya rumwe ishingira ku rundi.Ibi bisobanura ko umuntu aremwa igice cy’umwuka nicyo gice cy’Imana yaremanywe, niyo mpamvu bibiriya ivuga ko umuntu yaremwe mu ishusho y’Imana.

Igice cy’umwuka ni igice cy’ubusabane bw’umuntu n’Imana, niho hafatirwa ibyemezo biyobora umuntu, mu gice cy’ubugingo niho haba amarangamutima n’ibyiyumviro bigendana no kwishima no kubabara naho igice cy’umubiri cyo ni igice cyo gushyira mu bikorwa. Niyo mpamvu ibyo dukora byose ntibishingira ku miterere yacu y’umubiri ahubwo bishingira ku mitere yacu y’umwuka.

Umuntu amaze gucumura, yatakaje ishusho y’Imana yaremanywe, by’umvikane neza ntabwo yatakaje ubugingo ahubwo yatakaje umwuka w’Imana maze birangira ubugingo n’umubiri bigiye munsi y’ububasha bw’undi mwuka atari umwuka w’Imana, ariwo Bibiliya yita “Kamere” cyangwa “Umwuka w’umubi”. “Ndavuga nti”Muyoborwe n’Umwuka”, kuko ari bwo mutazakora ibyo kamere irarikira kuko kamere irarikira ibyo Umwuka yanga, kandi Umwuka yifuza ibyo kamere yanga kuko ibyo bihabanye, ni cyo gituma ibyo mushaka gukora atari byo mukora. (Abagalatiya 5:16-17).

Umuntu amaze gutakaza ishusho y’Imana, yarayimugaruriye binyuze muri Yesu kristo. Imana yahaye umuntu ukwera kwayo no gukiranuka nk’uko yaremanywe, ibicishije mu gutanga umwana wayo Yesu Kristo ari nawe shusho yayo akaba no gukiranuka kwayo.

“Kuko utigeze kumenya icyaha Imana yamuhinduye kuba icyaha ku bwacu, kugira ngo muri we duhinduke gukiranuka kw’Imana.” (2 Abakorinto 5:21)
Mu rwandiko Pawulo yandikiye itorero ry’i Roma cyane mu bice bya 1-6, n’urwo yandikiye itorero ry’i Korinto yagarutse cyane ku gukiranuka Imana yahereye inyokomuntu muri Kristo Yesu ariko na none uku gukiranuka kukaba kugomba amahitamo ya muntu ariyo “kwizera”. Urwo yandikiye abefeso yagize ati “Mwakijijwe n’ubuntu kubwo kwizera, ntibyavuye kuri mwe ahubwo ni impano y’Imana.” (Abefeso 2:8)

Kwizera ni amahitamo y’umuntu agira nyuma yo kumva ijambo ry’Imana. “Dore kwizera guheshwa no kumva, no kumva kukazanwa n’ijambo rya Kristo.” (Abaroma 10:17) kandi aya mahitamo yo kwizera niyo azanira uyakoze ubugingo. “Kuko Imana yakunze abari mu isi cyane, byatumye itanga Umwana wayo w’ikinege kugira ngo umwizera wese atarimbuka, ahubwo ahabwe ubugingo buhoraho.” (Yohana 3:16) ariko na none gukora amahitamo mabi yo kutizera bituma ubikoze acirwaho iteka ry’urupfu.

“Umwizera ntacirwaho iteka, utamwizera amaze kuricirwaho kuko atizeye izina ry’Umwana w’Imana w’ikinege.”(Yohana 3:18), ibi bisobanuye ko umuntu yasubiranye gukiranuka yaremanywe ariko noneho abiheshejwe no “kwizera.”

Twumve neza ibimaze kuvugwa ku “kwizera n’amahitamo”. Nyuma y’uko Imana imaze kurema umuntu yamushyize imbere ibintu bibiri kandi byose binganya ubushobozi, 'Ikibi n’ikiza” cyangwa “ubugingo n’urupfu” ariko nanone umuntu yasigaranye ubudahangarwa ntavogerwa bwo guhitamo icyo akwiye kubakiraho ubuzima bwe muri ibi byombi. Byumvikane neza ko amahitamo y’umuntu hagati y’ikibi n’ikiza niyo mahitamo akomeye kandi Imana itajya yivangamo kuko umuntu yaremanywe ubwenge buhagije bwo gushobora gutandukanya ibi byombi no kumenya ingaruka za buri kimwe. Aha niho ubudahangarwa bw’umuntu buherereye mu guhitamo ikibi n’ikiza akaba ari naho gukiranuka kw’Imana n’ubutabera bwayo bigaragarira mu kutivanga mu mahitamo y’umuntu no kugororera buri wese ibikwiranye n’amahitamo ye.

“Dore uyu munsi ngushyize imbere ubugingo n’ibyiza, n’urupfu n’ibibi, Uyu munsi ntanze ijuru n’isi ho abahamya bazabashinja, y’uko ngushyize imbere ubugingo n’urupfu, n’umugisha n’umuvumo. Nuko uhitemo ubugingo, ubone kubaho wowe n’urubyaro rwawe.”
(Gutegeka 30:15,19)

Nubwo Imana yahaye umuntu uburenganzira bw’amahitamo yanamugaragarije ingaruka zayo mahitamo arizo “urupfu” mu gihe umuntu yahisemo gukurikiza imirimo ya kamere (ikibi), cyangwa “kurama” igihe umuntu yahisemo icyiza.

“Kuko niba mukurikiza ibya kamere y’umubiri muzapfa, ariko nimwicisha Umwuka ingeso za kamere muzarama. Abayoborwa n’Umwuka w’Imana bose ni bo bana b’Imana” (Abaroma 8:13-14).

Mu kutivanga mu mahitamo y’umuntu, ntibyabujije Imana no gushyiraho inzira zo kumugira inama yo gukora amahitamo meza, niyo mpamvu, yashyize mu mutima w’umuntu wese umwuka wayo wo kumugira inama ku mahitamo meza ariwo abatizera benshi bakunze kwita umutimanama ariko nanone nubwo Imana yashyizeho ubu bujỵanama bw’umwuka wayo, ntiyigeze ivogera ihame ry’amahitamo ya muntu. Niyo mpamvu umuntu ahitamo kumvira ubujyanama bwa mwuka cyangwa agahitamo kwinangira umutima ntabwumvire agakomeza guhitamo gukora ibyangwa n’Uwiteka.

Mu kubaha ihame ry’amahitamo niho twabonera n’igisubizo cy’impamvu Imana ihitamo gukoresha ibyago, ibyorezo, inzara n’amakuba kugira ngo abantu bayo bayigarukire. Ibikoresha nko gutanga ubutabera bw’amahitamo yabo, maze ubu butabera bukabereka ko bahisemo nabi, ari nabwo bubagarurira guhitamo igikwiye.

“Ni cyo cyatumye Imana ibareka ngo bakurikize ibyo imitima yabo irarikiye, bakora ibiteye isoni bonone imibiri yabo, kuko baguraniye ukuri kw’Imana gukurikiza ibinyoma, bakaramya ibyaremwe bakabikorera kubirutisha Imana Rurema, ari yo ishimwa iteka ryose. Nicyo cyatumye Imana ibarekera kurarikira ibyonona, ndetse bigeza ubwo abagore babo bakoresha imibiri yabo uburyo bunyuranye n’ubwo yaremewe. Kandi n’abagabo ni uko, bareka kugirira abagore ibyo imibiri yabo yaremewe, bashyushywa no kurarikirana. Abagabo bagirirana n’abandi bagabo ibiteye isoni, bituma mu mibiri yabo bagarurirwa ingaruka mbi ikwiriye kuyoba kwabo.

Kandi ubwo banze kumenya Imana, nicyo cyatumye Imana ibareka ngo bagire imitima yabaye akahebwe bakora ibidakwiriye. Buzuye gukiranirwa kose n’ububi no kurarikira n’igomwa, buzuye n’ishyari n’ubwicanyi, n’intonganya n’ubugambanyi no gukina ku mubyimba, no gusebaniriza mu byongorerano, n’abatukana, n’abanga Imana n’abanyagasuzuguro, n’abirarira n’abahimba ibibi, n’abatumvira ababyeyi n’indakurwa ku izima, n’abava mu masezerano n’abadakunda ababo n’intababarira, nubwo bamenye iteka ry’Imana y’uko abakora ibisa bityo bakwiriye gupfa, uretse kubikora ubwabo gusa bashima n’abandi babikora.” Abaroma 1:24-32

Ubwo Pawuro yandikiraga itorero ry’i Roma(abaroma 1:24-32) yarigaragarije impamvu Imana izakoresha ibyago kugira ngo bayigarukire. Icyambere yababwiye ko bakurikije ibyo imitima yabo irarikiye, icya kabiri bononnye imibiri yabo bakoresheje ibiteye isoni, icya gatatu baguraniye ukuri ku Imana gukurikiza ibinyoma, icyakane baramya cyangwa baha agaciro ibyaremwe n’abantu, icya gatanu banze kumenya Imana, icya gatandatu imitima yabo yabaye akahebwe, icya karindwi buzuye gukiranirwa kose, icya munani bashima abakora ibibi.

Ibi byose babikoze bazi neza ko abakora ibisa bityo bakwiriye gupfa. Akenshi, Ibyago byose biza mu gihugu, biza ku nyokomuntu biba ari nk’ubutabera butanzwe mu gukoresha amahitamo k’ihame ntavogerwa ku nyokomuntu.

Urinzwenayo Mike