Welcome to WordPress. This is your first post. Edit or delete it, then start writing!
Author: webrwanda
-
Iyicwa rya Jules César muri Sena y’i Roma: Impamvu, umugambi n’ingaruka zahinduye amateka
Ku itariki ya 15 Werurwe mu mwaka wa 44 mbere ya Yesu (Ides of March), umwe mu bayobozi bakomeye mu mateka ya Roma, Julius Caesar, yishwe n’itsinda ry’abasenateri mu nyubako ya Sena y’i Roma. Uru rupfu ntirwari gusa iyicwa ry’umuntu ukomeye, ahubwo rwabaye intandaro y’impinduka zikomeye zahinduye imiterere ya Repubulika y’Abaroma ndetse rugafungura inzira y’Ubwami bwa Roma.
Impamvu zatumye Jules César yicwa
1. Gutinya ko yari ahindutse umwami w’igitugu
Mu gihe cye, Roma yari ikiri Repubulika, aho ubutegetsi bwagabanwaga hagati ya Sena n’abandi bayobozi batowe. Ariko nyuma y’intambara nyinshi no gutsinda abanzi ba Roma, César yabaye umuntu ukomeye kurusha abandi bose.
Yahawe izina rya “Dictator Perpetuo” (umutegetsi w’ibihe byose), ibintu byatumye bamwe mu basenateri batinya ko ashaka kurandura Repubulika maze agahinduka umwami wuzuye ububasha.
Abamurwanyaga babonaga ko ubutegetsi bwe bwari bugiye guhindura Roma igihugu kiyoborwa n’umuntu umwe aho kuba ubutegetsi bw’abaturage n’abanyacyubahiro.
2. Guhangana hagati ya César n’abanyacyubahiro ba Sena
César yari yaratsinze intambara y’abenegihugu yari imuhanganyijemo na Pompey the Great, wari ushyigikiwe n’abenshi mu basenateri.
Nyuma yo gutsinda, César yatangiye gushyira mu bikorwa impinduka nyinshi:
- kugabanya ububasha bwa Sena,
- kongera umubare w’abasenateri bashyigikiye gahunda ze,
- guha uburenganzira abantu benshi batuye mu bice byigaruriwe na Roma.
Nubwo izo mpinduka zari zigamije kuvugurura igihugu, bamwe mu bakire n’abanyacyubahiro babibonaga nk’iterabwoba ku bubasha bwabo.
3. Umugambi w’abitwa “Abakiza Repubulika”
Itsinda ry’abasenateri ryari rigizwe n’abantu barenga 60 ryateguye umugambi wo kumwica. Abayobozi bakomeye muri uwo mugambi bari:
- Marcus Junius Brutus,
- Gaius Cassius Longinus.
Biyitaga abantu barwaniraga gukiza Repubulika ya Roma, bavuga ko gukuraho César byari ngombwa kugira ngo Roma itajya mu butegetsi bw’umuntu umwe.
Uko iyicwa ryabaye
Ku munsi w’inama ya Sena, César yinjiye mu nyubako ya Sena nubwo hari abari bamuburiye ko hari akaga kamutegereje.
Abagambanyi baramwegereye batangira kumutera ibyuma. Nubwo inkuru zakurikiyeho zivuga amagambo nka “Nawe Brutus?”, abahanga mu mateka bavuga ko atari ibintu byemejwe neza ko ayo magambo yaba yaravuzwe koko.
César yaguye imbere y’igishushanyo cya Pompey, umuntu yari yaratsinze mu ntambara y’abenegihugu.
Ingaruka zakurikiyeho
1. Roma yinjiye mu yindi ntambara y’abenegihugu
Abamwishe batekerezaga ko bazagarura Repubulika, ariko urupfu rwa César rwateje akaduruvayo gakomeye.
Abashyigikiye César, bayobowe na:
- Augustus (wari umwishywa we kandi yaratoranyijwe nk’umuzungura),
- Mark Antony,
bahagurukiye kurwanya abamwishe.
Intambara zakurikiyeho zamaze imyaka myinshi kandi zarangiye Repubulika isenyutse.
2. Abamwishe ntibabonye ibyo bifuzaga
Nubwo bari bafite intego yo gusubiza ububasha Sena, umugambi wabo warabananiye.
Abenshi mu bagize uruhare mu iyicwa rya César barishwe cyangwa biyahuye nyuma yo gutsindwa mu ntambara zakurikiyeho.
3. Ivuka ry’Ubwami bwa Roma
Icyatunguye benshi ni uko iyicwa rya César ryatumye Roma iva kuri Repubulika ijya ku butegetsi bw’umwami.
Nyuma yo gutsinda abo bahanganye, Augustus yabaye umutegetsi wa mbere wa Roma mu mwaka wa 27 mbere ya Yesu, atangiza igihe cy’Ubwami bwa Roma.
Mu buryo butangaje, abishe César bavuga ko barwaniraga gukiza Repubulika ni bo bagize uruhare mu kuyirangiza burundu.
4. César yabaye ikimenyetso cy’ubutegetsi n’ubushobozi
Nubwo yapfuye, izina rye ryakomeje kugira imbaraga. Izina Caesar ryaje gukoreshwa nk’izina ry’abami mu bice bitandukanye by’isi, harimo:
- “Kaiser” mu Budage,
- “Tsar” mu Burusiya.
Iyicwa rya Jules César ntiryabaye gusa igikorwa cyo gukuraho umutegetsi wari ukomeye. Ryagaragaje amakimbirane akomeye hagati y’icyifuzo cyo kurinda Repubulika n’ukuri ko Roma yari imaze kuba ubwami buyoborwa n’abantu bake bafite imbaraga.
Abasenateri bamwishe batekerezaga ko barimo gukiza Roma, ariko ibikorwa byabo byahinduye amateka mu buryo butandukanye: aho kugarura Repubulika, byafunguye inzira y’ubutegetsi bw’abami bwamaze imyaka irenga 500.
-
kuri uyu wa Gatanu umuraperi Ish Kevin arataramira abakunzi be i Remere muri Ti'Amo Lounge #rwanda #RwOT
Abakunda ibihe by'imyidagaduro bafite impamvu yo kwitegura hakiri kare kuko kuri uyu wa Gatanu tariki 10 Nyakanga 2026, Ti'Amo Lounge irakira Umuraperi Semana Kevin uzwi ku izina rya Ish Kevin, mu gitaramo gitegerejwe na benshi. Ni ijoro riteganyijwe kubamo umuziki udasanzwe, ibyo biza gutama haza kuba amateka ku baza kubyitabira.
Abateguye iki gitaramo baributsa abakunzi babo ko batagomba kuba abantu bazarebera ibyabereye muri Ti'Amo Lounge ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, ahubwo bagomba kuza kwifatanya n'inshuti zabo bakabyibonera imbonankubone. Ish Kevin arataramira abitabiriye mu ndirimbo ze zakunzwe ndetse n'izigezweho, ibintu bitegerejwe kuzamura akanyamuneza kugeza mu masaha akuze y'ijoro.
Ti'Amo Lounge ikomeje kuba imwe muri Bar&Resto ikunzwe cyane mu Mujyi wa Kigali kubera serivisi zinoze, ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa byiza biharangwa ndetse n'ibirori bidasanzwe ihora itegura. Kuri uyu wa Gatanu na bwo, abitabiriye barahabwa amahirwe yo kwidagadurira ahantu hatekanye.
Ti'Amo Lounge iherereye i Remera, ahateganye na Gare, iruhande rwa sitasiyo ya Oryx, aho byoroshye kuhagera uturutse impande zose z'Umujyi wa Kigali. Niba uteganya gusohokana n'inshuti, uwo mukundana cyangwa abo mu muryango, iri ni ryo joro ryiza ryo kwirebera Ish Kevin mu gitaramo kirabera Ti'Amo.
Ku bifuza gutumiza ibyo kurya cyangwa bakeneye ibindi bisobanuro, bashobora guhamagara kuri numero 0788 302 456 cyangwa 0796 124 773. Ntucikwe n'iri joro ridasanzwe, Ti'Amo Lounge ni ho ibyishimo biraza kuba biri kuri uyu wa Gatanu.
kuri uyu wa Gatanu umuraperi Ish Kevin arataramira abakunzi be i Remere muri Ti'Amo Lounge 
https://share.google/YLuRTLHW5Xw0nFpUH -
Ibyishimo bivanze n’agahinda kuri Ndayisaba Fabrice #rwanda #RwOT
Byari ibyishimo bikomeye kuri Ndayisaba Fabrice uzwi nka Eto’o ubwo ishuri rye ry’incuke rya Ecole Maternelle Fondation Ndayisaba Fabrice ryasozaga umwaka w’amashuri ariko na none agahinda ni kose kubera abashaka gusenya ibyo yaruhiye.
Tariki ya 8 Nyakanga 2026 ni bwo Ecole Maternelle Fondation Ndayisaba Fabrice yakoze ibirori bisoza umwaka w’amashuri wa 2025-26.
Ni ibirori byari byiza, bibereye ijisho aho n’ababyeyi bari babukereye baje kwifatanya n’abana babo.
Mu dukino dutandukanye, kwiyerekana nk’abanyamideli ni bimwe mu byo aba bana biga mu mwaka wa mbere kugeza mu wa gatatu w’amashuri y’incuke beretse ababyeyi birabashimisha.
Muri aba banyeshuri harimo icyiciro gisoje amashuri y’incuke kigomba kujya mu mashuri abanza, kikaba ari icyiciro cya kane kuva iri shuri ryashingwa.
Ndayisaba Fabrice washize iri shuru yavuze ko ari ibintu byiza kandi Imana nimufasha azashinga n’amashuri abanza (primaire).
Ati “Ni ibintu byiza. Iyo ukoreye aba bana ibi birori binatera imbaraga barumuna babo. Intego ni ukurera tukarerera igihugu.”
“Njye mba numva nakora ibishoboka byose nkatanga imbaraga zanjye zose mfite nubaka igihugu cyanjye, n’iri shuri nasanze ari wo musanzu natanga.”
Yakomeje agira ati “Uko twatangiye siko bimeze, hari impinduka, umwaka utaha bizaba byiza kurushaho, ubushobozi bubonetse mfite inzozi ko nazagira n’ikigo cy’amashuri abanza.”
Nubwo avuva gutya ariko wa mugani wa Riderman ni we waririmbye ati “nakoze iki gituma abantu bamwe bamwe banzira, nakoze iki gituma banyitambika mu nzira.”
Fabrice afite agahinda gakomeye kuko yaje guhura n’ikibazo aho ishuri rye ubu riri mu nkiko kubera umuntu washatse gusenya ibyo yiyuhiye icyuya.
Ati “Ntabwo bimeze neza, nta byinshi navuga ibintu bikiri mu nkiko, ariko umuntu yaraje ku kigo cy’amashuri asiba ibirango by’ishuri n’ibindi, havukamo ibibazo bikomeye ariko twizeye ko tuzahabwa ubutabera nta muntu urengana mu Rwanda. Iyo utekereje imbaraga washoyemo, biba bibabaje cyane.”
Ni ibintu abona byakozwe mu rwego rwo guharabika isura y’ikigo cye no kumuca intege.
Iri shuri ribarizwa mu Karere ka Kicukiro, Umurenge wa Kicukiro, Akagari ka Ngoma Umudugudu wa Intaho, ni igipangu cy’umuntu yakodesheje.
Yahise agihindura akigira ikigo cy’ishuro yewe no mu masezerano bagiranye bumvikanye ko najya kukigurisha yazamubwira akaba ari we ukigura.
Bivugwa yaje kukigurisha rwihishwa maze uwakiguze bikekwa ko ari wakoze ibyo byose kandi anabikora atabanje kuvugana na Fabrice ngo amubwire ibyo yifuza byibuze bimunanire, ni mu gihe yari akinafite amasezerano yo gukorera aho hantu.
Muri raporo zakozwe n’Umudugudu wa Intaho n’Akagari ka Ngoma iri shuri ribarizwamo, bemeje ko ibyo bikorwa byakozwe hari ibyo bo biboneye n’amaso yabo.
Ecole Maternelle Fondation Ndayisaba Fabrice yasoje umwaka w’amashuri
Byari ibyishimo bikomeye
Bamwe mu banyeshuri basoje umwaka wa gatatu
Ndayisaba Fabrice arimo kunyura mu bihe bitoroshye
Tuyishime Jean Pierre umwe mu bagabo babanye na Ndayisaba Fabrice mu bibazo akanamufashaSource : http://isimbi.rw/ibyishimo-bivanze-n-agahinda-kuri-ndayisaba-fabrice.html
-
Abana 11 bo mu igororero rya Nyagatare basoje ibizamini bya leta bisoza amashuri abanza – #rwanda #RwOT
Ni mu gihe muri iri gororero kandi abandi bana 16 biga mu mashuri yisumbuye na bo bari kwitegura gukora ibizamini bya Leta bizatangira ku wa 17 Nyakanga 2026, barimo 10 bazasoza icyiciro rusange n'abandi batandatu bazakora igisoza amashuri yisumbuye.
Muri rusange abana 27 bo muri iri gororero ry'abana ni bo bari gusoza amasomo bava mu cyiciro kimwe bajya mu kindi.
Igororero ry'abana rya Nyagatare barenga 630 barimo abakobwa 19 ndetse bose biga amashuri asanzwe ndetse n'imyuga.
Muri aba bagiye gukora ibizamini bya leta uko ari 27, bari mu myaka hagati ya 16 na 23 aho abenshi bahamijwe ibyaha by'ihohotera (viol).
Imyaka y'ibihano aba bana bakatiwe ni guhera ku mwaka umwe kugeza ku myaka 15.
Mu Rwanda hose abanyeshuri basaga ibihumbi 270 ni bo bakoze ibizamini bya Leta bisoza icyo cyiciro, basabwa kwitwara neza no gutsinda.
Abana bafungiye mu Igororero rya Nyagatare bariga
Abana bo mu Igororero rya Nyagatare basoje ibizamini bya Leta bisoza amashuri abanza
Abana bo mu Igororero rya Nyagatare bahabwa amasomo nk’abandi
Abana bari mu Igorero ry’Abana rya Nyagatare bigishwa imyuga
Abanyeshuri 11 basoje amashuri abanza bari mu igororero ry’abana rya Nyagatare mu bizamini bya leta -
Mbappé afashije u Bufaransa kugera muri 1/2 cy’Igikombe cy’Isi 2026 #rwanda #RwOT
Ikipe y’Igihugu y’u Bufaransa yerekeje muri 1/2 cy’Igikombe cy’Isi cya 2026 nyuma yo gutsinda Maroc ibitego 2-0 mu mukino wa 1/4 bafashijwemo na Kylian Mbappé na Ousmane Dembélé bombi batsinze ibitego byatumye Les Bleus ikomeza.
Ku munota wa 28 wo mu gice cya mbere, Mbappé yabonye penaliti nyuma yo gukorerwaho ikosa na Noussair Mazraoui wa Maroc.
Icyakora umunyezamu Yassine Bounou yayikuyemo, abuza rutahizamu wa Real Madrid gufungura amazamu hakiri kare.
Nubwo yahushije iyo penaliti, Mbappé ntiyacitse intege. Ku munota wa 60 yatsinze igitego cyiza cyane nyuma yo kurekura umupira werekezaga mu nguni y’izamu rya Bounou ubwo yari hafi y’urubuga rw’amahina, ashyira u Bufaransa imbere n’igitego kimwe kikaba icya munani cye muri iri rushanwa.
Hashize iminota itandatu gusa, Ousmane Dembélé yatsinze igitego cya kabiri, nyuma yo guhabwa umupira mwiza na Mbappé wari umaze gukurura ba myugariro ba Maroc, bityo ashyira iherezo ku nzozi z’iyi kipe yo mu majyaruguru ya Afurika zo gukomeza muri iri rushanwa.
Kuri ubu Mbappé yahise ageza umubare w’ibitego umunani muri iri rushanwa, anganya na Lionel Messi.
Gusa ari imbere mu rugamba rwo kwegukana igihembo cy’uwatsinze ibitego byinshi kuko afite imipira myinshi yavuyemo ibitego kurusha uyu rutahizamu wa Argentine.
Mbappé kandi yakomeje kwiyegereza amateka yo kuzaba umukinnyi utsinze ibitego byinshi mu mateka y’Igikombe cy’Isi. Kugeza ubu agejeje ku bitego 20, asigaje kimwe gusa ngo anganye na Messi ufite agahigo k’ibitego 21.
Ku ruhande rwa Dembélé, yakomeje kwerekana ko ari mu bihe byiza, nyuma y’uko na mbere yari aherutse gutsinda ibitego bitatu mu mukino u Bufaransa bwanyagiriyemo Norvège ibitego 4-1.
Nyuma yo gusezerera Maroc, u Bufaransa buzahura n’izava hagati ya Espagne n’u Bubiligi muri 1/2 cy’irangiza, mu mukino uteganyijwe kubera i Dallas, aho buzaba bushaka intsinzi izabugeza ku mukino wa nyuma w’Igikombe cy’Isi cya 2026 ku nshuro ya gatatu yikurikiranya.
Kylian Mbappe ni we wafunguye amazamu
Dembele yatsinze igitego yuzuza bitanu muri iri rushanwa
Byari ibyishimo bikomeye ku ikipe y’Igihugu y’u BufaransaSource : http://isimbi.rw/mbappe-afashije-u-bufaransa-kugera-muri-1-2-cy-igikombe-cy-isi-2026.html
-
Ingabo z'u Rwanda zasoje amahugurwa yo ku rwego rwo hejuru zari zimazemo amezi atanu – #rwanda #RwOT
Aya mahugurwa yasojwe ku wa 9 Nyakanga 2026 yari amaze amezi atanu abera mu Kigo cy'Amahugurwa cya Gisirikare i Gabiro mu Karere ka Gatsibo.
Aya mahugurwa yari agamije kongerera abasirikare ubumenyi, ubuhanga n'ubushobozi mu bikorwa bya gisirikare kugira ngo barusheho kuzuza neza inshingano z'Ingabo z'u Rwanda.
Umuhango wo gusoza aya mahugurwa wayobowe n'Umugaba Mukuru w'Ingabo z'u Rwanda, Gen Mubarakh Muganga wahagarariye Umugaba w'Ikirenga w'Ingabo z'u Rwanda, Perezida Paul Kagame.
Gen Mubarakh Muganga yashimye abarangije amahugurwa kubera ubwitange n'imyitwarire myiza bagaragaje mu gihe cyose bamaze muri iyi myitozo.
Yabashishikarije gukomeza kurangwa n'ubunyamwuga no guharanira kuba indashyikirwa mu gihe bazaba basohoza inshingano zabo.
Gen. Mubarakh Muganga yibukije abarangije amahugurwa ubutumwa Perezida Kagame ahora ageza ku basirikare, agaragaza ko amahugurwa ya gisirikare ategura umusirikare kwihanganira ibihe bikomeye no gukora inshingano zisaba imbaraga z'umubiri, iz'umutima n'ubunyamwuga bwo ku rwego rwo hejuru.
Umugaba Mukuru w'Ingabo z'u Rwanda yakomeje ashimangira ko umusirikare agomba guhora aharanira kugera ku musaruro ushimishije akuzuza neza inshingano yahawe binyuze ku myitwarire irangwa n'ikinyabupfura, guhanga ibishya no gukoresha neza ibikoresho bihari.
Gen Mubarakh Muganga yashimye kandi ubuyobozi bw'Ikigo cy'Amahugurwa ya gisirikare cya Gabiro, by'umwihariko abarimu batoza abasirikare, ku bwitange bwabo badahwema kugaragaza mu guteza imbere ubumenyi, ubuhanga n'ubushobozi bw'Ingabo z'u Rwanda.
Yagaragaje ko uwo muhate ukomeje gutanga abayobozi n'abasirikare bashoboye, biteguye neza gukorera Ingabo z'u Rwanda n'Igihugu muri rusange.
Brigade ya 507 y'Ingabo z'u Rwanda zirwanira ku butaka yasoje amahugurwa ya gisirikare yo ku rwego rwisumbuye
Umugaba Mukuru w'Ingabo z'u Rwanda, Gen Mubarakh Muganga, yahembye abahize abandi mu mahugurwa
Ingabo z’u Rwanda zimaze amezi atanu mu myitozo yo ku rwego rwo hejuru
Abasirikare ba RDF batojwe no guhashya umwanzi bifashishije ikarita
Abasirikare ba RDF bahawe imyitozo ikomeye ibafasha kurinda ubusugire bw’u Rwanda
Umuhango wo gusoza aya mahugurwa wayobowe n’Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo z’u Rwanda, Gen Mubarakh Muganga wahagarariye Umugaba w’Ikirenga w’Ingabo z’u Rwanda, Perezida Paul Kagame
Ubwo abayobozi mu Ngabo z’u Rwanda bari bageze ahari hagiye gusorezwa amahugurwaUmugaba Mukuru w'Ingabo z'u Rwanda, Gen Mubarakh Muganga, yahembye abahize abandi mu mahugurwa
Umugaba Mukuru w'Ingabo z'u Rwanda, Gen Mubarakh Muganga yashimye Ingabo z’u Rwanda ku bwitange zagaragaje -
Bugesera: Imirambo y'abantu icumi bagwiriwe n'ikirombe yabonetse – #rwanda #RwOT
Aba baturage bagwiriwe n'ikirombe ahagana Saa Tanu z'amanywa zo ku wa 9 Nyakanga 2026 mu Mudugudu wa Nyamabuye mu Kagari ka Kanzenze mu Murenge wa Ntarama mu Karere ka Bugesera.
Umuvugizi wa Polisi y'u Rwanda mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba, SSP Hamdun Twizeyimana, yabwiye IGIHE ko nyuma y'amasaha menshi imirambo yabo ishakishwa hifashishijwe imashini eshatu yakuwemo yose ahagana Saa Tanu z'ijoro, yihanganisha imiryango yabo.
Yagize ati 'Uko ari icumi imirambo yose tumaze kuyikura mu kirombe. Tuributsa abantu ko bakwiye gucukura mu buryo bwa kinyamwuga bafite ibikoresho birinda impanuka, bacukure batangiza ibidukikije kandi bakaba bafite ibyangombwa. Ikindi bakwiye kuba bafite ibikoresho bibarinda ndetse n'ubwishingizi.'
SSP Twizeyimana yasabye abaturage kujya batangira amakuru ku gihe kugira ngo mu gihe habaye impanuka inzego z'umutekano zibashe gutabara hakiri kare.
Yavuze ko Urwego rw'Ubugenzacyaha, RIB, rwatangiye iperereza kugira ngo hamenyekane icyateye iyi mpanuka yaguyemo abantu icumi.
Kuri ubu imirambo y'aba baturage yajyanywe ku Bitaro bya Kacyiru kugira ngo ikorerwe isuzumwa mbere y'uko ishyingurwa.
Imashini za Polisi zafatanyaga n'izindi mashini mu gushakisha baturage bagwiriwe n'ikirombe cyo mu Bugesera
Ibirombe baguyemo bisanzwe bicukurwamo amabuye yo kubakisha -
Tombola ya CECAFA isize Rayon Sports na APR FC mu matsinda ry’urupfu #rwanda #RwOT
Tombola ya CECAFA Kagame Cup yasize Rayon Sports mu itsinda ry’urupfu ririmo Al Hilal SC na Tusker FC mu gihe APR FC yisanze iri kumwe na Gor Mahia yayisezereye muri CAF Champions League 2020.
Muri iki gitondo ni bwo habaye tombola y’uko amakipe azaba ari mu matsinda ya CECAFA Kagame Cup izabera mu Rwanda kuva tariki ya 24 Nyakanga kugeza tariki ya 8 Kanama 2026.
Ni CECAFA yaherukaga kubera mu Rwanda muri 2019.
Mu cyumba gisanzwe kiberamo ikiganiro n’itangazamakuru muri Stade Amahoro ni ho iyi tombola yabereye.
Ikaba yayobowe na Andrew Jackson Oryada ushinzwe imenyekanishabikorwa n’itumanaho muri CECAFA ndetse na Haruna Niyonzima.
Ni CECAFA izitabirwa n’amakipe 12 harimo abiri yo mu Rwanda, Rayon Sports na APR FC.
Ni irushanwa ryari ryagarutsemo na Simba SC yo muri Tanzania nyuma y’imyaka myinshi itarikina.
Ni mu gihe na Tusker FC yo muri Kenya yongewemo nyuma y’uko Al Merreikh SC yo muri Sudani yikuye mu irushanwa.
Aya makipe akaba yagabanyijwe mu matsinda atatu aho buri tsinda rizatanga izamuka muri 1/2 maze hatorwe indi imwe yatsinzwe neza (best loser)
Itsinda A: APR FC (Rwanda), Vipers FC (Uganda), Gor Mahia (Kenya) na FC Garde Républicaine (Djibouti)
Itsinda B: Singida Black Stars (Tanzania), Simba SC (Tanzania), Jamus SC (Sudani y’Epfo) na Mogadishu City FC (Somalia)
Itsinda C: Al Hilal SC (Sudani), Rayon Sports (Rwanda), Tusker FC (Kenya) na KVZ FC (Zanzibar)
Rayon Sports yisanze mu itsinda rimwe na Al Hilal SC
APR FC yisanze mu itsinda rimwe na Gor MahiaSource : http://isimbi.rw/tombola-ya-cecafa-isize-rayon-sports-na-apr-fc-mu-matsinda-ry-urupfu-10-July.html
-
Impamvu Rodrigo Borgia ari umwe mu bapapa batavugwaho rumwe kurusha abandi
Rodrigo Borgia, wamenyekanye nka Papa Alexandre VI, yayoboye Kiliziya Gatolika kuva mu 1492 kugeza mu 1503. Mu mateka ya Kiliziya, akunze kuvugwa nk’umwe mu bapapa bateje impaka kurusha abandi. Nubwo hari ibivugwa kuri we byagiye bikabirizwa cyangwa bikandikwa n’abanzi be ba politiki, hari n’ibintu byinshi byemejwe n’amateka byatumye izina rye riba ikimenyetso cy’ubutegetsi bushingiye ku nyungu bwite.
Kugura amajwi kugira ngo abe Papa
Kimwe mu bintu byamukurikiye ubuzima bwe bwose ni uko bivugwa ko yabaye Papa nyuma yo kugura amajwi ya bamwe mu bakaridinali. Muri icyo gihe, kugurisha cyangwa kugura imyanya ya Kiliziya (Simoniya) byari ikibazo gikomeye. Nubwo hari impaka ku bimenyetso bihari, amateka menshi agaragaza ko amasezerano ya politiki n’impano zikomeye byagize uruhare mu itorwa rye.
Gushyira umuryango we imbere
Alexandre VI ni umwe mu bapapa bazwi cyane kubera icyiswe nepotism, ari bwo guha abo mu muryango imyanya ikomeye.
Yahaye umuhungu we Cesare Borgia ubukaridinali akiri muto, nyuma amusigira ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare. Umukobwa we Lucrezia Borgia yamukoresheje mu gushaka ubumwe bwa politiki binyuze mu bashakanye be bagiye batandukana. Abandi bo mu muryango wa Borgia na bo bahawe imyanya ikomeye muri Kiliziya no mu butegetsi bw’i Roma.
Kurenza ku ndahiro y’ubusugi
Nk’umupadiri n’umwepisikopi mbere yo kuba Papa, Rodrigo Borgia yari yarahize kutarongora. Nyamara, yabyaranye n’abagore batandukanye abana benshi, kandi ntiyabihishaga cyane nk’abandi bapadiri bo muri icyo gihe.
Mu bana be bazwi harimo Cesare Borgia, Juan Borgia, Lucrezia Borgia na Gioffre Borgia. Kuba Papa yarabaga mu buzima bunyuranye n’amahame yigishaga byatumye abantu benshi batakaza icyizere mu buyobozi bwa Kiliziya.
Ibirego by’ubwicanyi n’uburozi
Hari inkuru nyinshi zivuga ko Rodrigo Borgia n’umuryango we bishe abo bahiganwaga na bo bakoresheje uburozi cyangwa ubwicanyi bwateguwe.
Ariko abashakashatsi b’iki gihe bagaragaza ko ibyinshi muri ibyo birego bishingiye ku nyandiko z’abanzi ba politiki b’Aborgia, bityo bikaba bitarigeze bihabwa ibimenyetso simusiga. Nubwo izo nkuru zakwirakwiriye cyane, amateka yizewe asaba kuzifata ubwitonzi kuko zimwe zashoboraga kuba zarahimbwe hagamijwe gusebya uwo muryango.
Gukoresha ubupapa nk’igikoresho cya politiki
Muri we, ubupapa ntibwari gusa ubuyobozi bw’idini, ahubwo bwabaye n’igikoresho cyo kubaka ubutegetsi bw’umuryango wa Borgia mu Butaliyani.
Yakomeje kugirana amasezerano n’abami n’abatware b’i Burayi, akoresha ubutware bwa Kiliziya mu kurengera inyungu z’umuryango we kurusha iz’itorero. Abanditsi benshi b’amateka bamufata nk’umwe mu bapapa bagaragaje neza uburyo ubutegetsi bwa Kiliziya bwari bwarivanze cyane na politiki mu gihe cya Renaissance.
Hari ibyo yakoze neza?
Nubwo azwi cyane kubera amahano, amateka agaragaza ko Alexandre VI yakoze n’ibintu bifatika.
Yashyigikiye ubuhanzi n’ubwubatsi i Roma, afasha mu mishinga yo kuvugurura inyubako za Vatikani. Ni no ku ngoma ye hasohotse inyandiko za Papa zagennye uburyo Espagne na Portugal zagombaga kugabana ubutaka bushya bwari bumaze kuvumburwa muri Amerika, icyemezo cyagize ingaruka zikomeye ku mateka y’isi.
Umwanzuro
Rodrigo Borgia ntiyabaye Papa wanzwe gusa kubera ubuzima bwe bwite, ahubwo yanenzwe kubera guhindura ubuyobozi bwa Kiliziya uburyo bwo gushimangira ubutegetsi n’inyungu z’umuryango we. Ariko kandi, abashakashatsi b’iki gihe bemeranya ko hari inkuru nyinshi zamwitiririwe zashoboraga kuba zarakabijwe cyangwa zigahimbwa n’abanzi be ba politiki.
Icyo benshi bahurizaho ni uko Papa Alexandre VI ari umwe mu bantu basize amateka akomeye kandi ateye impaka kurusha abandi bose bayoboye Kiliziya Gatolika.
