Muri iyo myaka, JICA yashyigikiye urugendo rw'u Rwanda rwo kuva ku mashanyarazi yageraga kuri bake, rugana ku bikorwa remezo bigenda byaguka kandi bitanga umuriro ufite ingufu.
Mu myaka 30 ishize, amashanyarazi yari ingume mu Rwanda. Hagati mu myaka ya 1990, ingo zari ziyafite zabarirwaga muri 1% gusa, ndetse n'abayafite bagakunze guhura n'ikibazo cyo kubura umuriro.
Kugeza mu 2025, ingo zifite amashanyarazi zari zimaze kurenga 85%. Mu mijyi, zari hafi 100%, mu gihe mu cyaro zari hagati ya 60% na 70%. Izi mpinduka zafashije mu iterambere ry'imijyi, kwaguka kw'inganda no kuzamura imibereho y'abaturage.
Iri terambere ryashingiye mbere na mbere ku cyerekezo n'ubuyobozi bw'u Rwanda, bishyirwa mu bikorwa n'inzego zirimo Minisiteri y'Ibikorwaremezo (MININFRA), Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Ingufu (REG), Ishami ryacyo rishinzwe Guteza Imbere Ingufu (EDCL) n'iryo Gukwirakwiza Amashanyarazi (EUCL).
Mu myaka 20 ishize, JICA yashyigikiye izo gahunda binyuze mu gutanga inkunga y'amafaranga, ubufasha bwa tekiniki no kongerera abakozi ubumenyi.
Kuva mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 2000, ubufatanye bwa JICA n'u Rwanda bwagiye bujyana n'ibyo igihugu cyari gikeneye. Iki kigo cyibanze ku bikorwa birambye, gihuza kubaka no kuvugurura ibikorwa remezo no kongerera ubushobozi abakozi babicunga.
Guhera mu 2011, JICA yashyize mu bikorwa umushinga ugizwe n'ibyiciro bitatu wo kuvugurura sitasiyo z'amashanyarazi n'imiyoboro iyakwirakwiza.
Icyiciro cya mbere, cyakozwe hagati ya 2011 na 2014, cyibanze ku gusana sitasiyo no kwagura imiyoboro mu bice birimo Kigali, Huye, Musha na Rwinkwavu. Cyafashije gukemura ibibazo by'umuriro utari uhamye no kugabanya amashanyarazi yatakariraga mu miyoboro.
Icyiciro cya kabiri, cyashyizwe mu bikorwa hagati ya 2016 na 2018, cyazanye ibikorwa remezo bishya birimo sitasiyo ya Ndera n'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, kugira ngo haboneke umuriro uhagije mu bice byawukeneraga cyane, nk'Icyanya cyahariwe Inganda cya Kigali.
Umushinga wa sitasiyo ya Ndera warimo no kubaka imiyoboro ikwirakwiza amashanyarazi ireshya na kilometero 20.
Icyiciro cya gatatu, cyakozwe hagati ya 2018 na 2022, cyongereye ubushobozi bw'ibikorwa remezo binyuze mu kubaka sitasiyo ya Gasogi n'ibindi bikoresho byo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi.
Iri shoramari ryakozwe mu gihe ingano y'amashanyarazi u Rwanda rwari rukeneye yiyongeraga ku kigero cya hafi 10% buri mwaka, ari na ko imijyi yagendaga yaguka.
Mu Karere ka Huye, ubwiyongere bw'abaturage mu myaka ya 2000 na 2010 bwajyanye no gukenera amashanyarazi menshi. Nyamara, igice kinini cy'ibikorwa remezo byayakwirakwizaga cyari cyarubatswe mu myaka ya 1980.
Ibikoresho byari bimaze gusaza, ndetse kubona ibice byo gusimbura ibyangiritse bikagorana, kuko ubwoko bw'ibikoresho byakoreshwaga bwari bushaje ugereranyije n'ibyo mu yindi mijyi yagendaga itera imbere. Ibi byatumaga ikibazo kivutse ku gikoresho kimwe gishobora gutuma ahantu hanini habura umuriro.
Icyiciro cya mbere cy'umushinga wo kuvugurura sitasiyo n'imiyoboro ikwirakwiza amashanyarazi, cyatangiye mu 2011, cyavuguruye sitasiyo z'i Kigali, Gikondo na Birembo.
Hanavuguruwe iya Musha mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba, mu Karere ka Rwamagana kari gafite gahunda yo guteza imbere icyanya cy'inganda, n'iya Rwinkwavu itanga amashanyarazi ku bikorwa by'ubukerarugendo biri muri Pariki y'Akagera no mu nkengero zayo.
Uyu mushinga wanaguye kandi uvugurura imiyoboro ikwirakwiza amashanyarazi mu Mujyi wa Kigali no mu Karere ka Huye.
Ibi byatumye imiyoboro irushaho gukora neza kandi yubakwa ku bipimo bihuje n'ibyakoreshwaga mu yindi mijyi. Byagabanyije ibura ry'umuriro, bituma amashanyarazi atangwa ku buryo buhamye kandi bwizewe.
Jean Paul Karinganire, injennyeri wagize uruhare muri iyi mishinga, yasobanuye uko kuvugurura ibi bikorwa remezo byahinduye imikorere.
Yagize ati 'Sitasiyo nshya zatumye gucunga imiyoboro birushaho koroha, kuko imiyoboro iyivamo ikwirakwiza amashanyarazi yatandukanyijwe. Mbere, ikibazo ku murongo umwe cyashoboraga gutuma abakoresha amashanyarazi benshi babura umuriro. Ubu, igice gifite ikibazo gishobora gutandukanywa n'ibindi, imirimo yo kugisana igakorwa bitagize ingaruka ku miyoboro yose.'
JICA yanibanze ku guhererekanya ubumenyi, bituma ibi bikorwa remezo bicungwa neza. Ba injennyeri bahuguwe binyuze mu bufasha bwa tekiniki bw'iki kigo ubu bayobora imirimo itandukanye mu rwego rw'amashanyarazi mu Rwanda, bita ku bikorwa remezo kandi bakemura ibibazo bya tekiniki bifashishije ubumenyi bagenda bunguka.
Nubwo abaturage badakunze kubona imbonankubone imikorere ya sitasiyo n'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, akamaro kabyo kagaragarira mu buzima bwa buri munsi.
Amashanyarazi yizewe yafashije kunoza serivisi z'ubuvuzi, cyane cyane nijoro, yorohereza abanyeshuri kwiga, yagura ikoreshwa rya serivisi z'ikoranabuhanga, anafasha mu kongera umutekano n'umusaruro w'ibikorwa by'abaturage.
Inyungu mu bukungu na zo ziragaragara. Ibikorwa bito birimo salon, gusudira no kubaza bishobora gukora amasaha menshi kandi bidahagarara hato na hato. Inganda nini na zo zungukira mu kugabanuka kw'ihagarara ry'imirimo n'iyangirika ry'ibikoresho, bigatuma zirushaho gukora neza.
Ubushobozi bwiyongereye binyuze mu mishinga nka sitasiyo ya Gasogi bwafashije kugeza amashanyarazi ku ngo, amashuri, ibitaro, amahoteli n'inganda, bigira uruhare mu guhanga imirimo no kwagura amahirwe y'ubukungu.
Uko ibikorwa by'urwego rw'ingufu mu Rwanda bigenda byaguka kandi bikarushaho gusaba ubumenyi buhanitse, ni ko akamaro k'impuguke za tekiniki kiyongera.
Mu myaka 20 ishize, JICA yatanze umusanzu no mu kunoza uburyo bwo gutegura no gucunga ibikorwa by'amashanyarazi.
Harimo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rihuza amakuru n'aho ibintu biherereye ku ikarita, rizwi nka GIS, no kunoza uburyo bwo kwita ku bikorwa remezo no kubisana.
Ibi bisubizo byagiye bihuzwa n'imiterere y'u Rwanda n'ibyo rukeneye.
Abahagarariye JICA bagize bati 'Uburyo u Buyapani bukoresha si ugukoporora ibyakozwe ahandi, ahubwo ni ukubihuza n'imiterere y'aho bigiye gukoreshwa. Iyo tubihuje n'ibyo u Rwanda rushyize imbere, bituma biramba kandi bigakomeza gusubiza ibikenewe.'
Umukozi wa Minisiteri y'Ibikorwaremezo na we yagaragaje akamaro ko kujyanisha ishoramari no kongerera abakozi ubumenyi.
Yagize ati 'Iterambere ry'u Rwanda ryashingiye ku buyobozi bw'igihugu, ariko ubufatanye nk'ubu bwashimangiye ubushobozi bwa tekiniki bukenewe kugira ngo iryo terambere rikomeze.'
Mu myaka 20 ishize, umusanzu wa JICA mu iterambere ry'u Rwanda wagaragariye mu bikorwa bitandukanye hirya no hino mu gihugu, birimo sitasiyo zavuguruwe, ba injeniyeri bahuguwe n'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi irushaho kwizerwa.
Ugaragarira kandi mu ngo zibona urumuri izuba rirenze, mu bucuruzi bukora budahagaritswe n'ibura ry'umuriro no mu baturage barushaho kubona amahirwe yo kwiteza imbere.
Mu gihe u Rwanda rukomeje kuvugurura urwego rw'ingufu, ubufatanye bwarwo na JICA bushyigikira imbaraga rushyira mu kubaka ibikorwa remezo bikomeye, guteza imbere ubukungu mu buryo burambye no kongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibibazo bishobora kuvuka.
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