Mu myaka myinshi ishize, ku mbuga nkoranyambaga no mu biganiro by’ikoranabuhanga hakomeje gukwirakwizwa inkuru ivuga ko Bill Gates yibye igitekerezo cya Microsoft muri Xerox. Hari n’abavuga ko Microsoft yibye Windows muri Xerox PARC. Ariko se ibyo ni ukuri?
Xerox PARC ni yo yahinduye amateka ya mudasobwa
Mu myaka ya 1970, ikigo cya Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) cyakoze ubushakashatsi bwahinduye isi y’ikoranabuhanga. Ni ho havukiye ibitekerezo byinshi birimo:
- Imigaragarire ikoreshwa n’amadirishya (Graphical User Interface – GUI)
- Gukoresha imbeba (mouse)
- Amadirishya menshi kuri ecran (windows)
- Amashusho n’udushushondanga (icons)
- Gukoresha Ethernet mu guhuza mudasobwa
Abashakashatsi benshi bemera ko Xerox PARC ari yo yashyizeho urufatiro rw’imikoreshereze ya mudasobwa tuzi uyu munsi.
Apple ni yo yabanje kubona ikoranabuhanga rya Xerox
Mu 1979, Steve Jobs n’abandi bayobozi ba Apple basuye Xerox PARC nyuma y’uko Xerox ishyize amafaranga muri Apple mbere yo kujya ku isoko ry’imigabane (IPO).
Muri urwo ruzinduko, Apple yeretswe uburyo GUI n’imbeba byakoraga. Steve Jobs yahise abona ko ari bwo buryo bw’ejo hazaza bwa mudasobwa.
Nyuma y’aho, Apple yatangiye gukora mudasobwa nka Lisa ndetse nyuma yayo Macintosh, zombi zifite GUI ishingiye ku bitekerezo yari yabonye muri Xerox.
Microsoft yinjiye nyuma
Mu ntangiriro z’imyaka ya 1980, Microsoft yari isanzwe ikora software ya mudasobwa, cyane cyane MS-DOS.
Apple yahaye Microsoft akazi ko gukora porogaramu nka Microsoft Word na Excel zizakorera kuri Macintosh. Muri uwo mushinga, abakozi ba Microsoft babonye uburyo GUI ya Apple yakoraga.
Nyuma y’aho, Microsoft yatangaje umushinga wa Windows, wasohotse bwa mbere mu 1985.
Ese Bill Gates yibye Xerox?
Nta gihamya yerekana ko Bill Gates cyangwa Microsoft bibye kode ya Xerox.
Ahubwo ibyabaye ni uko:
- Xerox yakoze ubushakashatsi ariko ntiyihutira kubushyira ku isoko.
- Apple yakuye imbaraga n’ibitekerezo muri Xerox, ibiteza imbere.
- Microsoft nayo yakuye amasomo kuri GUI ya Apple ndetse inateza imbere uburyo bwayo.
Abahanga mu mateka y’ikoranabuhanga bavuga ko icyo gihe amategeko arengera ibitekerezo bya software yari atarakomera nk’uko ameze ubu. Ibigo byinshi byafataga ibitekerezo byari byamaze kugaragara, bikabitezaho iterambere.
Ikirego cya Apple kuri Microsoft
Mu 1988, Apple yareze Microsoft iyishinja kwigana isura ya Macintosh.
Urukiko rwaje kwanzura ko byinshi mu bintu Apple yavugaga byari bikubiye mu masezerano yari yaragiranye na Microsoft, ndetse ibindi bikaba bitari ibintu Apple yari ifite uburenganzira bwihariye kuko byari byaraturutse ku bitekerezo rusange bya GUI.
Microsoft yaratsinze uru rubanza.
Xerox yo se yakoze iki?
Ikibazo gikomeye ni uko Xerox ubwayo itigeze ikoresha neza ibyo yari yarahimbye.
Nubwo yari ifite ikoranabuhanga ryari imbere y’igihe, abayobozi bayo bibanze ku bucuruzi bw’imashini zifotora inyandiko (photocopiers) aho gushora imari mu mudasobwa bwite.
Ibyo byatumye Apple na Microsoft bafata ayo mahirwe, bakubaka ibigo byabaye bimwe mu bikomeye ku isi.
Umwanzuro
Kuvuga ko Bill Gates yibye Microsoft muri Xerox si ukuri.
Ukuri ni uko Xerox PARC ari yo yaremye ibitekerezo byinshi by’ingenzi byahinduye isi ya mudasobwa. Apple ni yo yabanje kubibona no kubibyaza umusaruro mu buryo bw’ubucuruzi, naho Microsoft iza kubyigiraho ndetse ikabiteza imbere ikora Windows.
Mu mateka y’ikoranabuhanga, ibi bifatwa nk’urugero rw’uko guhanga udushya bidahagije iyo utabushyize ku isoko. Xerox ni yo yatekereje byinshi mbere y’abandi, ariko Apple na Microsoft ni zo zabihinduye ubucuruzi bw’isi yose.
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