Webrwanda Backend

Category: Ikoranabuhanga

  • Umwami wa AI muri Afurika Liambi Willy akomeje kuvugwaho nyuma y’amashusho bivugwa ko amuhuza na Bill Gates

    Umwami wa AI muri Afurika Liambi Willy akomeje kuvugwaho nyuma y’amashusho bivugwa ko amuhuza na Bill Gates

    Liambi Willy, ukomeje kuvugwa na bamwe mu bakurikira iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga nk “Umwami wa AI muri Afurika”, ari mu bantu bagaragaye mu biganiro byinshi ku iterambere ry’ubwenge bukorano (Artificial Intelligence) ku mugabane wa Afurika.

    Mu minsi ishize, ku mbuga nkoranyambaga hakwirakwijwe amashusho na mafoto yo mu bwoko bwa selfie bivugwa ko agaragaza Liambi Willy ari kumwe na Bill Gates, umwe mu bantu bazwi cyane ku Isi mu bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga akaba ari n’umwe mu bashinze Microsoft.

    Aya mashusho yateje impaka n’ibiganiro byinshi mu bakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga, aho bamwe bayabonamo nk’ikimenyetso cy’uko abanyafurika bakomeje kugira uruhare rukomeye mu rugendo rwo guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, cyane cyane AI.

    Liambi Willy azwi mu bikorwa by’ikoranabuhanga no guteza imbere imishinga ikoresha uburyo bushya bwo guhanga udushya, aho ubwenge bukorano ari kimwe mu bice bikomeje kwitabwaho cyane muri iki gihe.

    Bill Gates na we ni umwe mu bantu bagize uruhare rukomeye mu mateka y’ikoranabuhanga ku Isi, kuva aho yagiriye uruhare mu iterambere rya mudasobwa bwite binyuze muri Microsoft kugeza ku bikorwa bye byo gushora imari mu guhanga udushya no gukemura ibibazo byugarije isi.

    Nubwo aya mashusho yakomeje gusakazwa, kugeza ubu nta tangazo ryemewe ryatanzwe n’impande zombi risobanura aho cyangwa igihe yaba yarabereye, cyangwa ngo rihamye ko koko habaye inama hagati ya Liambi Willy na Bill Gates.

    Ariko ibiganiro byatewe n’aya mashusho byongeye kugaragaza uburyo Afurika ikomeje gushakamo ibisubizo bishya mu ikoranabuhanga, cyane cyane mu gihe AI iri guhindura uburyo abantu bakora, biga ndetse n’uko ibigo bikora ubucuruzi.

  • Ese AI izasimbura abarimu n’abanyamakuru? Uko ikoranabuhanga rihindura imyuga ishingiye ku bwenge bw’abantu

    Ese AI izasimbura abarimu n’abanyamakuru? Uko ikoranabuhanga rihindura imyuga ishingiye ku bwenge bw’abantu

    Mu myaka mike ishize, ubwenge buhangano (Artificial Intelligence cyangwa AI) bwatangiye guhindura uburyo abantu bakoramo ibintu byinshi. Kuva ku gukora amashusho, kwandika inyandiko, gusobanura indimi, kugeza ku gufasha mu bushakashatsi, AI iri kwinjira mu mirimo yari isanzwe ikorwa n’abantu.

    Ibi byatumye benshi bibaza ikibazo gikomeye: ese AI izasimbura abarimu n’abanyamakuru?

    Igisubizo cy’iki kibazo nticyoroshye, kuko nubwo AI ishobora gukora byinshi, hari ibintu by’ingenzi ikoranabuhanga ritarasimbura ku muntu.

    AI ishobora kuba umwarimu w’umufasha ariko ntisimbure umwarimu

    Mu burezi, AI yamaze kugaragaza ubushobozi bukomeye. Ishobora gufasha abanyeshuri kubona ibisobanuro by’amasomo mu buryo bworoshye, gutanga imyitozo ijyanye n’ubushobozi bw’umunyeshuri, no gufasha abarimu gutegura amasomo.

    Urugero, umunyeshuri ushaka gusobanukirwa imibare cyangwa ubumenyi bwa siyansi ashobora gukoresha AI akabona ibisobanuro byihariye bijyanye n’urwego rwe.

    Ariko abarimu bavuga ko uburezi atari ugutanga amakuru gusa.

    Umwarimu mwiza agomba kumenya amarangamutima y’abanyeshuri, kumenya ufite ikibazo, gutera umwete umwana wacitse intege no kubaka indangagaciro.

    AI ishobora gusubiza ikibazo, ariko ntishobora gusimbura neza umubano hagati y’umwana n’umwarimu.

    Ese abanyamakuru bazasimburwa na AI?

    Mu itangazamakuru, AI nayo iri guhindura ibintu byinshi. Ishobora:

    • Kwandika inkuru zishingiye ku mibare n’amakuru yoroheje;
    • Gusesengura amakuru menshi mu gihe gito;
    • Gufasha abanyamakuru gushaka amakuru;
    • Guhindura indimi no gutunganya inyandiko.

    Hari ibigo bimwe by’itangazamakuru bikoresha AI mu gukora raporo z’imikino, ubukungu n’imibare.

    Ariko umunyamakuru ntabwo ari umuntu wandika amagambo gusa.

    Umunyamakuru akora ubushakashatsi, akabaza abantu, akumva ibibazo by’umuryango, agasesengura impamvu z’ibintu kandi rimwe na rimwe akagaragaza ukuri kudashimisha abantu bafite imbaraga.

    AI ishobora kwandika inkuru, ariko ntabwo ifite uburambe bwo kubaho mu buzima bw’abantu cyangwa ubushobozi bwo kugira umutimanama nk’umunyamakuru.

    Akazi kazabura cyangwa kazahinduka?

    Abahanga benshi mu ikoranabuhanga bavuga ko AI ishobora kutazakuraho burundu imyuga myinshi, ahubwo ikazahindura uburyo ikorwa.

    Umwarimu ukoresha AI ashobora kurusha uwatayikoresha, kuko azaba afite igikoresho kimufasha gutegura amasomo no kumenya neza ibyo abanyeshuri bakeneye.

    Umunyamakuru ukoresha AI ashobora gukora inkuru nyinshi kandi nziza kurusha utayikoresha, kuko AI yamufasha mu gushaka amakuru no gusesengura ibimenyetso.

    Mu yandi magambo, ikibazo gishobora kutaba “AI izadusimbura?”, ahubwo kikaba “ni bande bazasimburwa n’abantu bakoresha AI kurusha abandi?”

    Imyuga y’ejo izaba ishingiye ku bufatanye hagati y’umuntu na AI

    Mu gihe kizaza, abarimu n’abanyamakuru bashobora gukomeza kubaho, ariko uburyo bakoramo bugahinduka.

    Umwarimu w’ejo ashobora kuba umuntu ufite AI imufasha gutegura amasomo no gukurikirana buri munyeshuri.

    Umunyamakuru w’ejo ashobora kuba umuntu ukoresha AI mu gushaka amakuru menshi, ariko akakomeza kuba we ukora ubushakashatsi, kuganira n’abantu no gutanga ibisobanuro bifite ireme.

    AI ishobora kuba igikoresho gikomeye, ariko ubushobozi bwo gusobanukirwa abantu, kugira impuhwe no gufata imyanzuro ishingiye ku ndangagaciro biracyari ibintu by’umuntu.

    Umwanzuro

    AI ntabwo ishobora guhita isimbura abarimu cyangwa abanyamakuru, ariko izahindura cyane uko iyo myuga ikorwa.

    Abazamenya kuyikoresha bashobora kubona amahirwe menshi, mu gihe abatiteguye bashobora gusigara inyuma.

    Mu gihe isi igana mu bihe bishya by’ikoranabuhanga, ikibazo nyamukuru ntabwo ari AI cyangwa umuntu, ahubwo ni ukuntu umuntu yakorana na AI kugira ngo arusheho gukora neza.

  • Ese Bill Gates Windows yavuye kuri Xerox? Ukuri kuri iyi nkuru imaze imyaka ikwirakwizwa

    Ese Bill Gates Windows yavuye kuri Xerox? Ukuri kuri iyi nkuru imaze imyaka ikwirakwizwa

    Mu myaka myinshi ishize, ku mbuga nkoranyambaga no mu biganiro by’ikoranabuhanga hakomeje gukwirakwizwa inkuru ivuga ko Bill Gates yibye igitekerezo cya Microsoft muri Xerox. Hari n’abavuga ko Microsoft yibye Windows muri Xerox PARC. Ariko se ibyo ni ukuri?

    Xerox PARC ni yo yahinduye amateka ya mudasobwa

    Mu myaka ya 1970, ikigo cya Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) cyakoze ubushakashatsi bwahinduye isi y’ikoranabuhanga. Ni ho havukiye ibitekerezo byinshi birimo:

    • Imigaragarire ikoreshwa n’amadirishya (Graphical User Interface – GUI)
    • Gukoresha imbeba (mouse)
    • Amadirishya menshi kuri ecran (windows)
    • Amashusho n’udushushondanga (icons)
    • Gukoresha Ethernet mu guhuza mudasobwa

    Abashakashatsi benshi bemera ko Xerox PARC ari yo yashyizeho urufatiro rw’imikoreshereze ya mudasobwa tuzi uyu munsi.

    Apple ni yo yabanje kubona ikoranabuhanga rya Xerox

    Mu 1979, Steve Jobs n’abandi bayobozi ba Apple basuye Xerox PARC nyuma y’uko Xerox ishyize amafaranga muri Apple mbere yo kujya ku isoko ry’imigabane (IPO).

    Muri urwo ruzinduko, Apple yeretswe uburyo GUI n’imbeba byakoraga. Steve Jobs yahise abona ko ari bwo buryo bw’ejo hazaza bwa mudasobwa.

    Nyuma y’aho, Apple yatangiye gukora mudasobwa nka Lisa ndetse nyuma yayo Macintosh, zombi zifite GUI ishingiye ku bitekerezo yari yabonye muri Xerox.

    Microsoft yinjiye nyuma

    Mu ntangiriro z’imyaka ya 1980, Microsoft yari isanzwe ikora software ya mudasobwa, cyane cyane MS-DOS.

    Apple yahaye Microsoft akazi ko gukora porogaramu nka Microsoft Word na Excel zizakorera kuri Macintosh. Muri uwo mushinga, abakozi ba Microsoft babonye uburyo GUI ya Apple yakoraga.

    Nyuma y’aho, Microsoft yatangaje umushinga wa Windows, wasohotse bwa mbere mu 1985.

    Ese Bill Gates yibye Xerox?

    Nta gihamya yerekana ko Bill Gates cyangwa Microsoft bibye kode ya Xerox.

    Ahubwo ibyabaye ni uko:

    • Xerox yakoze ubushakashatsi ariko ntiyihutira kubushyira ku isoko.
    • Apple yakuye imbaraga n’ibitekerezo muri Xerox, ibiteza imbere.
    • Microsoft nayo yakuye amasomo kuri GUI ya Apple ndetse inateza imbere uburyo bwayo.

    Abahanga mu mateka y’ikoranabuhanga bavuga ko icyo gihe amategeko arengera ibitekerezo bya software yari atarakomera nk’uko ameze ubu. Ibigo byinshi byafataga ibitekerezo byari byamaze kugaragara, bikabitezaho iterambere.

    Ikirego cya Apple kuri Microsoft

    Mu 1988, Apple yareze Microsoft iyishinja kwigana isura ya Macintosh.

    Urukiko rwaje kwanzura ko byinshi mu bintu Apple yavugaga byari bikubiye mu masezerano yari yaragiranye na Microsoft, ndetse ibindi bikaba bitari ibintu Apple yari ifite uburenganzira bwihariye kuko byari byaraturutse ku bitekerezo rusange bya GUI.

    Microsoft yaratsinze uru rubanza.

    Xerox yo se yakoze iki?

    Ikibazo gikomeye ni uko Xerox ubwayo itigeze ikoresha neza ibyo yari yarahimbye.

    Nubwo yari ifite ikoranabuhanga ryari imbere y’igihe, abayobozi bayo bibanze ku bucuruzi bw’imashini zifotora inyandiko (photocopiers) aho gushora imari mu mudasobwa bwite.

    Ibyo byatumye Apple na Microsoft bafata ayo mahirwe, bakubaka ibigo byabaye bimwe mu bikomeye ku isi.

    Umwanzuro

    Kuvuga ko Bill Gates yibye Microsoft muri Xerox si ukuri.

    Ukuri ni uko Xerox PARC ari yo yaremye ibitekerezo byinshi by’ingenzi byahinduye isi ya mudasobwa. Apple ni yo yabanje kubibona no kubibyaza umusaruro mu buryo bw’ubucuruzi, naho Microsoft iza kubyigiraho ndetse ikabiteza imbere ikora Windows.

    Mu mateka y’ikoranabuhanga, ibi bifatwa nk’urugero rw’uko guhanga udushya bidahagije iyo utabushyize ku isoko. Xerox ni yo yatekereje byinshi mbere y’abandi, ariko Apple na Microsoft ni zo zabihinduye ubucuruzi bw’isi yose.

  • Habonetse icyuho gikomeye muri Linux (GhostLock): Abakoresha VPS bicungira seriveri zabo basabwe kwihutira gukora update

    Habonetse icyuho gikomeye muri Linux (GhostLock): Abakoresha VPS bicungira seriveri zabo basabwe kwihutira gukora update

    Abakoresha seriveri za Linux bicungira ubwabo (Self-Managed VPS) barasabwa kwihutira kuvugurura (update) kernel za Linux nyuma y’uko hagaragaye icyuho gikomeye cy’umutekano cyiswe GhostLock (CVE-2026-43499), gishobora gutuma umugizi wa nabi afata ububasha bwose bwa seriveri.

    Nk’uko GoDaddy yabitangaje, iki kibazo ntabwo kireba GoDaddy yonyine, ahubwo kireba hafi seriveri zose zikoresha Linux ku isi, kuko kiri muri Linux Kernel ikoreshwa n’ibice byinshi bya Linux nka Ubuntu, Debian, AlmaLinux, CentOS n’izindi.

    GhostLock ni iki?

    GhostLock ni icyuho cy’umutekano cyanditswe nka CVE-2026-43499, kikaba gifite uburemere buri hejuru (CVSS 7.8).

    Iyo umuntu mubi abonye uburyo bwo kwinjira kuri seriveri, nko kunyura muri porogaramu ifite intege nke cyangwa konti y’umukoresha, ashobora gukoresha iki cyuho akagira uburenganzira bwa root, ari bwo rwego rwo hejuru rw’ubuyobozi bwa Linux. Iyo abugezeho aba ashobora kugenzura seriveri yose.

    Ni bande bireba?

    GoDaddy ivuga ko:

    • Seriveri zose zikoresha Linux zigomba gufatwa nk’izishobora kugira iki kibazo kugeza igihe zibonye update ya kernel.
    • Seriveri zikoresha Windows ntabwo zirebwa n’iki cyuho.

    Icyo abakoresha bagomba gukora

    Abakoresha bicungira VPS zabo basabwe:

    • Kuvugurura (update) Linux kernel bakoresheje package zitangwa n’ikorwa rya Linux bakoresha.
    • Kongera gutangiza (reboot) seriveri nyuma ya update, kuko kernel nshya itangira gukora ari uko seriveri yongeye gufungurwa.
    • Kugenzura ko seriveri ikoresha kernel nshya bakoresheje itegeko:
    uname -r

    Hanyuma bakagereranya version iri gukora n’iyatangajwe nk’ikemura ikibazo n’ikorwa rya Linux bakoresha.

    Mu gihe update itaraboneka

    Mu gihe ibikorwa bya Linux bitaratanga kernel ikosoye, GoDaddy iragira inama abakoresha:

    • Gukomeza kuvugurura porogaramu zose n’ibikoresho (applications, CMS, plugins).
    • Kugabanya abantu bafite uburenganzira bwo kwinjira kuri seriveri, cyane cyane binyuze muri SSH.
    • Gukora backup cyangwa snapshot ya seriveri mbere yo gushyiraho update, kugira ngo biborohere kuyigarura mu gihe hagize ikibazo.

    Umwanzuro

    Nubwo GhostLock isaba ko uwagabye igitero aba yamaze kubona uburyo bwo kwinjira kuri seriveri mbere, impuguke zivuga ko ishobora gutuma uwo muntu ahita yigarurira seriveri yose mu gihe update itarakorwa.

    Ni yo mpamvu abakoresha Linux, cyane cyane abafite Self-Managed VPS, basabwa kwihutira gukora update za kernel no kongera gutangiza seriveri zabo kugira ngo zirindwe iki cyuho gikomeye cy’umutekano.