Umuyobozi w'Akarere ka Rutsiro Wungirije ushinzwe Iterambere ry'Ubukungu, Uwizeyimana Emmanuel yabwiye IGIHE ko nubwo bafite ibyo bibazo bagiye kubishakira umuti.
Yavuze ko hari byinshi byagiye bikorwa ngo barusheho guteza imbere imibereho myiza ku barokotse Jenoside ariko akagaragaza ko bagifite urugendo runini.
Ati 'Twari dufite inzu 320 muri rusange habariwemo izikenewe kubakwa no gusanwa. Izari zikeneye kubakwa zari 51 mu gihe izari zikenewe gusanwa ari 269. Tumaze gukora ibintu bito, dukeneye imbaraga nyinshi kandi abantu bakeneye kudufasha.'
Uyu muyobozi yakomeje avuga ko mu mwaka ushize w'ingengo y'imari babashije kubaka inzu zirindwi, basana inzu ebyiri gusa, hasigara inzu 267 zitarasanwa na 44 zikeneye kubakwa bundi bushya, zose hamwe zikaba 311.
Perezida wa IBUKA mu Karere ka Rutsiro, Niyonsenga Philippe yavuze ko bagifite inzu zikeneye kubakwa n'izikeneye gusanwa kubera ko zashaje cyane.
Ati 'Mu gihe twibuka ku nshuro ya 31 Leta mu bushobozi bwayo ntiyahwemye kwita ku mibereho y'abarokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, gusa mu Karere ka rutsiro hari 44 batarabasha kubakirwa, n'abubakiwe dufite inzu 264 tuvuga ko zikeneye gusanwa kuko zarashaje hashingiwe ku buryo zubatswe.'
Yakomeje ashimira Inkotanyi zabarokoye, na Leta y'u Rwanda itarahwemye kwita ku mibereho y'abarokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi haba mu kubatuza, kubigisha no kubavuza.
Kuva 2020-2023 inzu icyenda ni zo zirabarurwa mu Karere ka Rutsiro zahawe abarokotse Jenoside yakore Abatutsi zirimo izubatswe n'izasanwe.
Muri miliyari zirenga 1522 Frw zo guteza imbere imibereho myiza y'abaturage zagenwe mu ngengo y'imari ya 2024/2025, izigera kuri miliyari zirenga 4,8 Frw ni zo zagenewe imirimo yo kubakira abatishoboye barokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, no kubaka/kwangura inzibutso za Jenoside mu gihugu hose.
Muri izo miliyari 4,8 Frw, izirenga 3,8Frw ni zo zagenewe umushinga wo kubakira abatishoboye barokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu mwaka wa 1994.
Perezida wa IBUKA mu Karere ka Rutsiro, Niyonsenga Philippe yagaragaje uburyo u Rwanda rutahwemye kwita ku barokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi
Umuyobozi w'Akarere ka Rutsiro Wungirije ushinzwe Iterambere ry'Ubukungu, Uwizeyimana Emmanuel, avuga ko ibibazo by'amacumbi ashaje n'icy’abataratuzwa by'abarokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bari kubikurikirana
Umujyi wa Kigali wabitangaje ku wa 16 Mata 2025, uvuga ko bizakorwa mu rwego rwo kwitegura gushyira mu bikorwa uwo mushinga.
Iryo barura rizatangira ku wa 17 Mata 2025.
Mu itangazo Umujyi wanyujije kuri X wakomeje uti 'Abafite ibikorwa aho Gare [ya Nyabugogo] isanzwe ikorera cyangwa mu nkengero zayo, barasabwa gutanga amakuru yose akenewe.'
Inkengero za Gare ya Nyabugogo zivugwa ni aho bisi zizimukira by'agateganyo mu gihe cyo kubaka.
Abarebwa n'iki gikorwa kandi basabwe kwerekana ibibaranga n'ibyemeza ko imitungo babaruza ari iyabo.
Mu 1998 ni bwo Gare ya Nyabugogo yafunguwe, itangira kuba ihuriro ry'imodoka zose ziva cyangwa zijya mu Mujyi wa Kigali ndetse hiyongeraho n'iziva cyangwa zijya mu mahanga.
Mu Ugushyingo 2017 ni bwo Umujyi wa Kigali watangaje ko ufite gahunda yo kuvugurura bigezweho Gare ya Nyabugogo.
Uyu mushinga wagombaga gushyirwa mu bikorwa na Sosiyete itwara abantu n'ibintu ya RFTC kuri miliyari 45 Frw. Gusa nyuma Umujyi wa Kigali waje gutangaza ko uwo mushinga uzaterwa inkunga na Banki y'Isi.
Ubwo yari mu kiganiro n'abanyamakuru kuri uyu wa 03 Nzeri 2024, Meya Samuel Dusengiyumva yavuze ko Umujyi wa Kigali ushishikajwe no kuvugurura Gare ya Nyabugogo ku buryo mu myaka itanu iri imbere izaba ikoreshwa isa neza.
Ati 'Turizera ko iyi myaka itanu izasiga iriya Nyabugogo yubatswe, ivuguruye ku buryo hazaba ari ahantu hazima abantu bashobora kuba bafatira imodoka zijya hirya no hino bikadufasha no kugenda tugabanya uburyo abantu bakoresha imodoka zabo.'
Biteganyijwe ko imirimo yo kuvugurura Gare ya Nyabugogo izatwara hagati ya miliyoni 100$ na miliyoni 150 Frw.
Mu bintu by'ingenzi bizaba biri muri iyo gare harimo nk'aho imodoka ziparika, aho abagenzi bategerereza imodoka, ibiro, aho gucururiza, aho kwishyurira, aho kubariza amakuru, ahakorera inzego z'umutekano, aho kuruhukira n'ibindi.
Umujyi wa Kigali watangaje ko ugiye gutangira kubarura imitungo iri ahazavugururirwa Gare ya Nyabugogo
AOA ni ikigo gisanzwe gitegura amarushanwa mu masomo y'Imibare, n'Ikoranabuhanga no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ry'ubwenge buhangano, AI, muri Afurika n'ahandi ku Isi.
Abayatsinze bahabwa impamyabumenyi zibahesha gukomeza muri kaminuza zikomeye ku Isi.
Iri shuri rishya riri kubakwa i Kanombe mu Mujyi wa Kigali ndetse rizatangirana n'umwaka w'amashuri utaha wa 2025/2026.
Rizatangirana abanyeshuri 30 mu mwaka wa kane w'amashuri yisumbuye, bazajya biga muri porogaramu y'imyigishirize ya Cambridge mu mashami y'Imibare, Ubugenge na Mudasobwa.
Ayo masomo ahura n'ibyiciro bitatu AOA yibandaho mu kwigisha birimo ikorabahanga by'umwihariko Ubwenge bw'Ubukorano (AI), Ubumenyi mu bya Mudasobwa n'Imibare.
Iryo shuri rizatangirana n'abanyeshuri bo mu Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya na Afurika y'Epfo.
Bazajya biga bacumbikirwa mu kigo kandi bishyurirwa byose kuva ku mafaranga y'ishuri, ibibatunga mu kigo n'ibindi byose nkenerwa ku ishuri.
Muri ayo mahugurwa ni ho hatoranyirijwemo abahanga kurusha abandi muri ibyo byiciro uko ari bitatu.
Abatsindiye kwiga muri AOA batangajwe ku wa 15 Mata 2024.
Umwe mu bashinze AOA, Arun Shanmuganathan, yavuze ko bahisemo gushinga iryo shuri mu Rwanda kuko ari Igihugu gitekanye kandi gishyigikira amasomo ya Siyanse, Imibare n'Ikoranabuhanga.
Ati 'Mu Rwanda ni ahantu heza ho gutangiriza ishuri kandi na Minisiteri y'Uburezi yaradufashije. Hari gahunda nziza mu guhanga udushya kandi bashyigikira amasomo y'Imibare, Siyansi n'Ikoranabuhanga'.
Arun yongeyeho ko abana baziga muri iryo shuri bazarikuramo amahirwe akomeye yo kwiga muri kaminuza zikomeye ku Isi.
Yavuze ko ubu hari abagera kuri barindwi batsinze ibizamini bya AOA bakomereje muri kaminuza zikomeye ku Isi nka MIT muri Amerika Oxford na Cambridge.
Ingano y'amafaranga akoreshwa mu mirimo y'uruganda yiyongereyeho 30,2% biturutse ku gushora imari mu bijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga, kwishyura abakozi n'ibindi bikenerwa mu mirimo y'uruganda ya buri munsi.
Uyu musaruro ushimishije BRALIRWA Plc yagezeho mu 2024 izagera no ku banyamigabane bayo kuko ayo bagabana ku mugabane yiyongereyeho 25% ava kuri 28,69 Frw ku mugabane agera kuri 35,96 Frw.
Ni ingingo izemerezwa mu Nama Rusange y'Abanyamigabane izaba ku wa 25 Kamena 2025. Nibimara kwemezwa abanyamigabane bazishyurwa ku wa 11 Nyakanga 2025.
Uru ruganda rwatangaje ko igitabo cy'abanyamigabane bacyo kizafungwa ku wa 30 Gicurasi 2025, kandi ko abazahabwa kuri iyo nyungu ari abazaba banditswe bose muri icyo gitabo kugeza icyo gihe.
BRALIRWA kandi yashimangiye ko yihaye intego ko ikomeza kuba uruganda rwa mbere kandi igakomeza kugera ku iterembere hashingiwe ku kongera ingano n'agaciro k'ibicuruzwa byayo.
Ibyo bizagerwaho bigizwemo uruhare no gushora mu gukomeza kubaka izina, kwamamaza, guhanga udushya, kubakira ubucuruzi ubushobozi no kunoza uburyo bwo kugeza ibicuruzwa ku bakiliya bayo.
BRALIRWA Plc yashinzwe mu 1957 igurwa na sosiyete ya HEINEKEN mu 1971. Mu binyobwa birenga 17 birimo ibisembuye n'ibidasembuye igurisha ku isoko ry'u Rwanda na mpuzamahanga, ishyira imbere igihuza abantu kikabubakira ubucuti.
Ubuyobozi bwa BRALIRWA Plc buvuga ko mu myaka 66 imaze ikora ibinyobwa, iharanira impinduka nziza ku baturage, igashyira imbere igituma abantu bose bagira ubuzima bwiza.
BRALIRWA Plc yahamije ko mu guharanira imibereho myiza y'abaturage itera inkunga imishinga igamije kurengera ibidukikije binyuze mu bufatanye n'abafatanyabikorwa bayo bafite ubuzobere mu by'ibidukikije.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwamuritswe ku wa 16 Mata 2025 bugaragaza ko abo 90% babona amazi meza yo kunywa no gukoresha imirimo inyuranye yo mu rugo badakoze urugendo rurerure.
Umuyobozi Mukuru w'Ikigo cy'Igihugu cy'Ibarurishamibare, Murenzi Yvan, yagaragaje ko ibyagezweho mu myaka irindwi ishize bishimishije kubera ko ibipimo mpuzamahanga byemewe bigena ko byibura abantu badafite amazi mu ngo bakwiriye kuyabona ku mavomo mu minota 30 gusa kandi bikaba byaragezweho.
Yakomeje avuga nubwo bimeze gutyo hakiri urugendo rurerure kubera ko abagera kuri 21% bakoresha iminota iri hejuru ya 30 ngo bagere ku ivomo cyangwa babashe kugera ku mazi meza.
Ati 'Ibi bishatse kuvuga ko bisaba abantu gukoresha imbaraga z'umurengera kugira ngo babone ayo mazi. N'iyo mpamvu hakiri akazi kenshi ko gukora kugira ngo twongere amazi meza kuri bo.'
Abagera ku mavomo bakoresheje iminota iri munsi ya 30 bagera kuri 68% mu gihe 21% bakoresha iminota iri hejuru ya 30 ngo bagere ku ivomo cyangwa isoko y'amazi meza.
Imibare igaragaza ko abafite amazi mu ngo za bo ari 16% bavuye kuri 9%, abavoma mu baturanyi no ku mavomo rusange abegereye ari 39% bavuye kuri 35%.
Abavoma ku yandi masoko ariko avubura amazi meza 35% bavuye kuri 43%, mu gihe abakoresha amazi ava ku masoko adasukuye bageze ku 10% bavuye kuri 12%.
Ingo zigerwaho n'amazi meza zageze kuri 90% mu 2024
Mu gihe icyumweru cya kabiri cy'iserukiramuco rya Coachella 2025 rigiye gutangira, hari icyumvikanamo ko imideli iri kugaragaramo itandukanye cyane n'iyo mu myaka yashize. Ubu buryo bushya bwo kwambara bugaragarira cyane kuri Vanessa Hudgens, wahoze azwi nka 'Umwamikazi wa Coachella', wamenyekanye cyane mu myambaro ya boho-chic ijyana n'imiterere y'akarere ka Indio, muri California hashyushye. Uyu mwaka, yahisemo kwambara ibintu bisanzwe kandi bitarangaza cyaneâ”nk'uko benshi mu bitabiriye Coachella ubu babigenza.
Ibi bishobora guterwa n'uko bamwe bifuza kwivanga n'abandi batarangwa cyane. Icyo kigaragarira ku byamamare byinshi nka Timothée Chalamet, Kylie Jenner, ndetse na Justin na Hailey Bieber, bose bagaragaye bigendeye mu bantu basanzwe, nta birangaza byinshi. Nyamara, hari n'abandi b'ibyamamare batatinye kwerekana imideli ikomeye ku rubyiniro no hanze yarwo, ku buryo bayoboye ibiganiro by'abantu bose bahari.
Lady Gaga, nk'urugero, yaserutse mu mwambaro wihariye w'ikirere cy'inyoni wakozwe na kompanyi izwiho kwambika mu buryo bushotorana yitwa Fecal Matter, yambaye n'intoki zisa n'inkweto z'inkoko. Ibi yabikoze asozanya igitaramo gikomeye. Na none, Lisa wo mu itsinda Blackpink, yagaragaye yambaye umwambaro w'uruhu rw'inyamaswa wihariye wateguwe na Asher Levine, mu gitaramo cye cya mbere yitangiye ku giti cye muri Coachella â” umwambaro utandukanye cyane n'uwo twamuziho muri filime The White Lotus.
Ahandi, mugenzi we Jennie nawe wahoze muri Blackpink, ariko ubu akaba yihagazeho, yagaragaye mu mwambaro w'umugore w'umu-cowgirl, yambaye agajipo n'agajipo k'uruhu gakozwe na Georges Hobeika, byose bijyanye. Julia Fox nawe yahisemo kwibumbira mu mwambaro ugaragaza isura y'uburengerazuba bwa Amerika (Wild West), yambaye inkweto za cowboy zifite hakubita, agasengeri k'uruhu gaciye bugufi, n'utwenda two hasi twinshi tutarihoâ”ku buryo yagaragaje ikibuno cye cyose. Ntibyari we wenyine watinyutse kwambara utwenda duto cyane, kuko na Megan Thee Stallion, Ciara, Tyla, na Victoria Monét bose bagaragara bambaye micro-shorts mu bitaramo byabo.
Ariko nyamara, uwabaye icyamamare nyacyo mu mwambaro utunguranye, ashobora kuba ari Bernie Sanders. Nk'uko bimenyerewe kuri we, ntiyigeze ajyana n'amahitamo ya benshi, ahubwo yahisemo ikote rya blazer ryijimye n'ishati y'ubururu bworoshye, yemeza neza ko atari mu birori byo kwidagadura ahubwo ari mu nama cyangwa inama rusange. Nubwo yagaragaraga mu mwambaro utari uwo kwizihirwa, yari afite akazi: gutanga ijambo ku rubyiniro mbere y'uko umuririmbyi n'umwanditsi w'indirimbo Clairo atangira igitaramo cye.
Umucamanza w'Urukiko Rukuru rwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, James Boasberg, kuri uyu wa Gatatu yanzuye ko 'hari impamvu ifatika ihari' ishobora gutuma abayobozi ba Leta ya Donald Trump bakurikiranwa mu buryo bw'ubutabera bwo kuba barabangamiye amabwiriza y'urukiko. Ibyo bijyanye n'uko ayo mabwiriza yahagaritse ikoreshwa ry'itegeko rya Alien Enemies Act ryari rigamije kwirukana bamwe mu bashinjwaga kuba abanyabyaha bakomoka muri Venezuela.
Iri tegeko ryari ryateje impaka ndende mu rwego rwa politiki no mu nkiko, aho ubutegetsi bwa Trump bwari bukomeje ibikorwa bikomeye byo kwirukana abimukira ku butaka bwa Amerika. Muri Werurwe hagati, ubwo indege eshatu zari zimaze koherezwa zitwaye abimukira bajyanwe muri gereza iri muri El Salvador, umucamanza Boasberg yahise ategeka ko ibyo bikorwa bihagarikwa ako kanya, anasaba ko izo ndege zisubizwa muri Amerika.
Mu mwanzuro w'impapuro 46 yasohoye, Boasberg yagize ati:
'Urukiko rwemeje ko ibikorwa by'ubutegetsi kuri uwo munsi bigaragaza ubushake bwo kwirengagiza itegeko ry'urukiko, ku buryo bihagije kugira ngo urukiko rusuzume ko hari impamvu ihamye yo kubakurikirana ku cyaha cyo kutubahiriza amabwiriza y'ubutabera.'
Inyandiko idasanzwe ku rwego rw'ubuyobozi bwa Leta
Nk'uko byatangajwe na Prof. Vladeck wigisha amategeko muri Kaminuza ya Georgetown, ibyo Boasberg yakoze si ibisanzwe:
'Gukurikirana abayobozi bo mu rwego rwo hejuru rwa guverinoma ku cyaha nk'iki si ibintu bisanzwe. Umucamanza Boasberg aragenda buhoro kuko agerageza kwirinda kugwa mu mutego â” ntashaka kurekura ubutegetsi ngo bukomeze gutandukira, ariko nanone ntashaka guhangana n'inkiko zo hejuru nka DC Circuit cyangwa Urukiko rw'Ikirenga.'
Skye Perryman, umwe mu bunganira urubanza ku ruhande rwa Democracy Forward n'umuryango wa ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union), yavuze ko icyemezo cyafashwe kuri uyu wa Gatatu 'kigaragaza ibyo tumaze igihe tuzi: imyitwarire ya leta muri uru rubanza ni mibi kandi ibangamiye uburenganzira bwa muntu ndetse n'itegeko nshinga ry'igihugu.'
Trump n'imikoranire n'inkiko
Iri teka rya Boasberg rije mu gihe ubutegetsi bwa Trump bwakomeje kwerekana uburyo bushobora kudakurikiza neza amabwiriza y'ubutabera igihe budahuye n'ibyifuzo bya Perezida. Mu bindi bibazo nk'ibi, abandi bacamanza batarigeze bagera ku cyemezo gikomeye nk'icyafashwe na Boasberg.
Guverinoma ya Trump yakomeje kuvuga ko inkiko z'icyiciro cya mbere (federal trial-level courts) zidafite ububasha bwo gutambamira ibyemezo bya perezida cyane cyane ku bijyanye n'imyanzuro ku bimukira.
Boasberg, wari washyizweho na Barack Obama, yanditse muri uru rubanza ko:
'Itegeko Nshinga ry'igihugu ntiryemera ko abayobozi b'igihugu barangarana nkana amategeko y'ubutabera â” cyane cyane abayobozi bo mu rwego rwo hejuru biyemeje kuyubahiriza.'
Muri uru rubanza, Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwari rwavuze ko abimukira bari batanze ikirego barishyikirije urukiko rutari rwo. Ku bw'ibyo, umwanzuro wa 5 kuri 4 w'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga wasabye ko abifuza gutanga ibirego nk'ibi bajya babinyuza mu nzira igoye y'amategeko izwi nka habeas corpus, kandi ikenshi ntitanga umusaruro.
Nubwo Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwafashe uwo mwanzuro, Boasberg yavuze ko mu rwego rw'ubutabera, umuntu wese wanga kubahiriza itegeko ry'urukiko atari uko ryateshejwe agaciro nyuma, ashobora gukurikiranwa nk'uko biteganywa.
Yakomeje anagaragaza impungenge ku kuba guverinoma yarashatse gukingira amakuru amwe n'amwe ku bijyanye n'izi ndege, ivuga ko ari amabanga y'igihugu (state secrets privilege). Ariko umucamanza yavuze ko ayo makuru atari ngombwa ngo afate icyemezo ku kibazo cyo kutubahiriza amategeko.
Ibyakurikiraho
Boasberg, uyoboye urukiko rw'icyiciro cya mbere mu Mujyi wa Washington DC, yasobanuye uko ibintu bigomba gukurikiraho mu gihe urubanza rukomeje.
Kugeza ubu ntabwo haraboneka ibimenyetso birenze ukwemera kwose byemeza ko ubutegetsi bwa Trump bwakoze icyaha cy'ukutubahiriza itegeko (criminal contempt), ariko hari intambwe ya mbere iteganyijwe.
Boasberg yavuze ko ashaka ko habanza gutangwa ibisobanuro byemewe n'amategeko (sworn statements) bivuye ku bantu bazi neza abafashe icyemezo cyo kudasubiza izo ndege muri Amerika kuwa 15 Werurwe.
Niba ibyo bisobanuro bitamunyuze, umucamanza azasaba ko abatangabuhamya bagera imbere y'urukiko cyangwa bakabazwa mu buryo bw'imvugo zemewe.
Cyangwa, akaba yashyiraho umunyamategeko wigenga uzaba umushinjacyaha wihariye mu rubanza.
Umusozo
Uru rubanza rushobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye mu mateka y'imikoranire hagati y'ubutegetsi bw'igihugu n'ubutabera. Icyemezo cya Boasberg cyashyize ubutegetsi bwa Trump ku mwanya udasanzwe wo gukurikiranwa mu nkiko ku bwo kurenga ku mategeko y'urukiko â” ibintu bidakunze kubaho mu mateka y'Amerika.
Uramutse ushaka ko nkomeza kugukurikiriranira inkuru nk'izi cyangwa nkagufasha gutegura isesengura kuri iyi ngingo mu Kinyarwanda, mbwira gusa.
Umukinnyi w'icyamamare n'umuyobozi w'ikinamico 'Sinners' bamaze imyaka irenga icumi bazamukana mu rugendo rwabo rwa sinema. Mu kiganiro bagiranye, basobanuye uko bafitanye isano yihariye.
Mu mateka ya sinema, ubucuti bukomeye hagati y'abayobora amafilime n'abakinnyi babo b'ibihe byose burazwi cyane â” nka Martin Scorsese na Robert De Niro, Pedro Almodóvar na Antonio Banderas, cyangwa Kelly Reichardt na Michelle Williams. Ariko, ntihigeze habaho ubufatanye bworoshye kandi buhamye nk'ubwa Ryan Coogler na Michael B. Jordan.
Ubufatanye bwabo bwatangiye ubwo bari bari mu bikorwa byo guhitamo abakinnyi ba 'Fruitvale Station' mu 2013. Kuva ubwo, Jordan yakinnye cyangwa akagaragara muri buri filime eshanu Coogler yayoboye, harimo Black Panther ebyiri na Creed. Filime yabo nshya 'Sinners', izajya mu mazu yerekana filime ku wa 18 Mata, yazamuye urwego rw'ubufatanye bwabo, kuko Jordan akinamo impanga ebyiri: Smoke na Stack, abajura b'abahanga bahura n'imbaraga zidasanzwe zibabuza gushinga inzu y'ibyishimo mu gihe cy'ivangura rikabije (Jim Crow) muri Leta ya Mississippi.
Coogler, wahoze ari umukinnyi wa ruhago muri kaminuza, yavuze ko yize agaciro k'ubufatanye buhoraho akiri umukinnyi wa wide receiver:
'Nari nzi ko agiye kuzitwara neza muri filime,' Coogler yavuze kuri Jordan ubwo bakoranaga bwa mbere muri *Fruitvale Station.*
'Hari igihe nagiraga aba quarterback bane cyangwa batanu mu mwaka umwe, kandi byarangoraga cyane,' yagize ati. 'Byatumye menya akamaro k'imikoranire isobanutse iyo wayibonye.'
Mu kiganiro bagiranye mu kwezi gushize muri lounge y'i New York, Coogler na Jordan basubije amaso inyuma ku rugendo rwabo binyuze kuri buri filime bakoze. Ikiganiro cyahindutse amarangamutima cyane ubwo bagarukaga kuri 'Black Panther: Wakanda Forever', bakoze nyuma y'urupfu rwa Chadwick Boseman, wari umukinnyi mukuru wa Black Panther ya mbere.
Muri 'Sinners,' Michael akinamo impanga zifite izina ribi, ariko filime irerekana uko bagerageza gufungura inzu y'ibyishimo izafasha abaturage kubona akazi n'ahantu ho kuruhukira. Ushaka ko babigeraho. Ni ikintu kigenda kigaruka muri buri filime mwakoze: abakinnyi nyamukuru bafite inenge zifatika, cyangwa abanzi bateye impuhwe.
RYAN COOGLER
RYAN COOGLER: Ibyo ni ikimenyetso cy'uburyo afite umwihariko mu gukurura amarangamutima. Iyo gusa umwerekanye kuri kamera, umuntu ahita amwitaho uti 'Yooo, ndamugiriye impuhwe.' Iyo usunitse iyo nzira ukareba kure ushobora kugera, ariko abantu bakamugumaho, ni bwo ubona ubusumbane bushishikaje. Kuri njye, Jordan yaba atari we muntu wakina iyo ari umukinnyi udafite inenge n'imperuka.
'Fruitvale' niyo yari filime ya mbere wayoboye, Ryan, kandi ari nayo Michael yakinnye bwa mbere ari umukinnyi w'imena. Ni iki cyabaye muri ubwo bunararibonye cyatumye mufatanya cyane?
RYAN COOGLER: Nari nzi ko azitwara neza muri filime, ariko hari ibindi byinshi bitari ku isura byantunguye. Uburyo yari umuntu wicisha bugufi, wubaha, wiyubashye, ukunda umuryango, ariko kandi unaharanira ubuhanga no kuba indashyikirwa. Byatangiye turi bombi twiyemeje tuti: 'Reka dukore ikintu gikomeye,' wumva ibyo mvuga? 'Niba turi hano, tuba hano koko.'
MICHAEL B. JORDAN: Gukinira muri sinema ni urugendo rw'ubwigunge. Hari 'oya' nyinshi, n'ibitekerezo byinshi by'umuntu wiyibazaho cyane cyane mu ntangiriro. Natangiye nkiri muto, ugerageza kwimenya â” kwibaza uwo uri we muri uru ruganda, aho igihe kirekire bataguhaga amahirwe yo kuba uwo ushaka kuba we. Mu gihe cy'ingenzi, aho nari mpangayitse cyane nuzuyemo gushidikanya, Ryan yarambwiye ati: 'Yewe Mike, njye nemera ko uri icyamamare muri sinema, kandi nshaka ko n'abandi bose babibona.'
Ibyo byampaye icyizere n'ihumure nari nkeneye. Byatumye ndushaho gushyiraho umwete, binongera umuriro w'icyifuzo cyanjye wo kubyemeza no kubigeraho koko.
'Fruitvale Station' (2013)
'Fruitvale' niyo yari filime ya mbere wayoboye, Ryan 2013
'Fruitvale' niyo yari filime ya mbere wayoboye, Ryan, kandi ari nayo Michael yakinnye bwa mbere ari umukinnyi w'imena. Ni iki cyabaye muri ubwo bunararibonye cyatumye mufatanya cyane?
RYAN COOGLER: Nari nzi ko azitwara neza muri filime, ariko hari ibindi byinshi bitari ku isura byantunguye. Uburyo yari umuntu wicisha bugufi, wubaha, wiyubashye, ukunda umuryango, ariko kandi unaharanira ubuhanga no kuba indashyikirwa. Byatangiye turi bombi twiyemeje tuti: 'Reka dukore ikintu gikomeye,' wumva ibyo mvuga? 'Niba turi hano, tuba hano koko.'
MICHAEL B. JORDAN: Gukinira muri sinema ni urugendo rw'ubwigunge. Hari 'oya' nyinshi, n'ibitekerezo byinshi by'umuntu wiyibazaho cyane cyane mu ntangiriro. Natangiye nkiri muto, ugerageza kwimenya â” kwibaza uwo uri we muri uru ruganda, aho igihe kirekire bataguhaga amahirwe yo kuba uwo ushaka kuba we. Mu gihe cy'ingenzi, aho nari mpangayitse cyane nuzuyemo gushidikanya, Ryan yarambwiye ati: 'Yewe Mike, njye nemera ko uri icyamamare muri sinema, kandi nshaka ko n'abandi bose babibona.'
Ibyo byampaye icyizere n'ihumure nari nkeneye. Byatumye ndushaho gushyiraho umwete, binongera umuriro w'icyifuzo cyanjye wo kubyemeza no kubigeraho koko.
'Creed' (2015)
Ikindi kintu kigaragara mu bikorwa byanyu byose ni abakinnyi bafite ibibazo bijyanye n'ababyeyi, cyane cyane se.
RYAN COOGLER(aseka): Ibyo byinshi biterwa n'ibihangano biba byaranditswe mbere (IP â” Intellectual Property). Muri 'Creed,' nashakaga gukora filime ivuga kuri Apollo Creed, ariko uwo Carl Weathers yakinaga yarapfuye muri 'Rocky IV,' niyo mpamvu twashatse indi nzira y'uburyo bwo kubyinjiramo.
Naho ibya Killmonger? Namujyanye i Oakland, ariko ibindi byose byerekeye ubuzima bwe byavuye mu bitabo bya comics uko byanditswe nta kintu kinini nahinduyeho.
Ku bijyanye na 'Sinners,' kuri njye, impanga zisa nk'inkuru ya Kayini na Abeli. Naratangiye kwibaza nti, 'Ese byagenda bite niba aho Kayini yica Abeli, ahubwo yica Adamu?' Niba abo bavandimwe bombi baba begeranye cyane ku buryo nta kintu cyabatanya?'
[Mu migani ivugwa kuri izo mpanga muri filime harimo n'inkuru y'uko bishe se.] Nifuzaga cyane no kwinjira mu mwuka w'indirimbo za blues n'ibimenyetso by'ibanze byazo, kuko byari bimeze nk'ikintu umuntu w'umuririmbyi wa blues yakwiririmba.
Uburyo mbanye na papa wanjye ni bwiza(aseka). Ntabwo ari bwiza gusa, burakomeye nk'ubw'abantu benshi. Ni umwe mu bantu b'ingenzi cyane mu buzima bwanjye.
Black Panther (2018)
Michael yazanye iki mu mwanya wa Killmonger kitari mu bitabo bya comics?
RYAN COOGLER: Ibyo bitabo byose byanditswe n'abayahudi b'abazungu bakuraga byinshi mu muco wa ba Nyafurika bo muri Amerika, ariko nanjye nifuzaga ko filime yumvikanamo ishingiye ku mugabane wa Afurika.
Killmonger ni we mukinnyi umwe rukumbi uhagarariye imitekerereze y'umwirabura wo muri Amerika 100%. Iyo ageze muri filime, ibintu bihinduka. Avuga uko asanzwe avuga, yambara uko asanzwe yambara, wumva ibyo mvuga? Ako kanya ahita ahinduka ishusho y'iyo mitekerereze isenya ibitekerezo by'abandi bakinnyi.
Black Panther: Wakanda Forever (2022)
Michael, ugira uruhare rumwe muri iyo filime, aho Killmonger abonekera Shuri mu iyerekwa. Uwawe yari yarapfuye ku mpera ya Black Panther ya mbere. Wari warasabye kugira uruhare muri filime ikurikiraho?
MICHAEL B. JORDAN: Yeeh, ibyo biragoye⦠(aceceka gato). Uzi se, twahuye n'igihombo gikomeye. [Boseman yapfuye filime itaranozwa.]
Ariko mbere y'ibyo, hari indi gahunda yari iriho. Nari niteguye kureba aho byari bigiye kugana. (Asuhuza umutima). Coog yari afite akazi katoroshye, cyane cyane mu gutekereza ngo 'Uva he? Ujya he?'
Ni gute wateza imbere iryo shyirahamwe rinini, ariko ukabikora uzi uko abantu bameze, ubyitondeye, ubyumva? Yagize icyo ahanga gikomeye akoresheje ibice bike byari bisigaye, maze abasha kugishyira hamwe. Kugeza n'ubu sinzi uko yabikoze.
'Impinduramatwara ya Chadwick yagiye iduha icyerekezo, no muri Sinners,' Jordan yavuze ku nyenyeri ya Black Panther, Chadwick Boseman. (Ifoto: Dana Scruggs for The New York Times)
RYAN COOGLER: Killmonger yari mu gace ka filime nari naranditse mbere y'uko Chad apfa. Niyo mpamvu nagombaga kumuboneramo umwanya mu buryo bwumvikana mu nkuru nshya.
[Michael] icyo gihe yari i Atlanta arimo kuyobora 'Creed 3,' ari bwo bwa mbere yifatiye kamera. Twamubonye umunsi umwe gusa.
Ariko twatekereje kuri iyo scene kugeza n'ubu ntewe ishema na yo. Byari byiza kongera kuba muri iriya ntebe y'ubwami [aho Shuri yahuriye n'iyerekwa rye, nk'uko byari byagenze muri filime ya mbere].
Ariko uzi se, urupfu rwe rwadushegeshe twese. (Coogler arunama, atangira kurira gahoro. Hashize iminota ibiri, yiyumanganya asubira mu kiganiro.) Kandi wenda we [erekana Jordan] ni we rwose rwagizeho ingaruka kurushaho.
Ikintu kimwe, uyu mwuga ni inzira igoye cyane nk'indi yose, kandi nta muntu wigeze atwitaho nka Chad.
MICHAEL B. JORDAN: Ntituri benshi mu bantu bakora ibyo dukora. Chad yatumye tumeze nk'ikipe yacu bwite, wumva ibyo mvuga? Byavuye ku kuba ari babiri tugahinduka batatu. (Yikanga amarira). Hanyuma bisubira kuri babiri.
Ariko uruhare rwe ruracyari kumwe natwe, ndetse no muri Sinners.
Ndibuka ubwo twakoraga igerageza rya mbere rya kamera, nkiri kwinjira mu myanya y'abakinnyi, Coog yahise anyibutsa uko Chad yigeze kwinjira mu mwanya wa T'Challa â” uburyo yawubayemo nk'uko ari mu buzima busanzwe, kuva batangira gufata amashusho kugeza basoje.
Susan Smith na Marion Calder bo mu muryango For Women Scotland bishimiye insinzi yabo imbere y'urukiko nyuma y'uko ubujurire bwabo bwemejwe.
Urukiko Rukuru rw'u Bwongereza rwatangaje ko ijambo 'umugore' mu mategeko y'uburinganire risobanura 'umugore w'inkomoko n'igitsina cy'inkomoko,' bityo rutangaza ko trans femmes (abagabo biyumva nk'abagore kandi bafite impapuro zibemeza nk'abo) badakubiye muri iyo nsanganyamatsiko. Iki cyemezo cyakiriwe n'ibyishimo n'abaharanira ko igitsina cy'umuntu gishingirwa ku buryo yavutse, ariko giterwa impungenge n'abaharanira uburenganzira bw'abantu b'igitsina kitari icyo bavukanye (transgender), bavuga ko ari intambwe yateye inkeke.
Icyi kibazo cyaturutse ku birebana n'uburenganzira bwo kudakorerwa ivangura nk'uko biteganywa n'Itegeko ry'u Bwongereza ryo mu 2010 ry'Uburinganire (Equality Act 2010). Abatangije urubanza bavuga ko ubwo burenganzira bugenewe abavutse ari abagore gusa, naho Leta ya Skotilande yo ivuga ko trans femmes bafite icyemezo cya GRC (Gender Recognition Certificate) bemererwa ku rwego rw'amategeko kuba abagore, bityo bagomba kurindwa kimwe nk'abandi bagore.
Nubwo uru rubanza rwatangiriye ku mategeko yo muri Skotilande yerekeye kongera umubare w'abagore mu nama z'ubutegetsi z'ibigo, icyemezo cyafashwe ku wa Gatatu kizagira ingaruka ku buryo ikiganiro ku burenganzira bw'abantu ba trans gikunze kuba gikakaye mu Bwongereza.
Ishyaka riri ku butegetsi mu Bwongereza, Labour, ryavuze ko iki cyemezo 'gitanga ibisobanuro bihamye n'icyizere,' mu gihe abatavuga rumwe na ryo, cyane cyane abo mu ishyaka rya Conservative, bakivuzeho nk''intsinzi ishingiye ku bwenge busanzwe,' bakanasaba guhindura amabwiriza asanzwe.
Abacamanza batanu bose bafashe umwanzuro umwe wemeza uruhande rw'itsinda 'For Women Scotland' (FWS), ryari ryatanze ikirego rivuga ko kudahuza igitsina cyemewe n'amategeko n'icyo umuntu yavukanye byateza ikibazo cyane cyane ku bijyanye na serivisi zigenewe igitsina kimwe gusa, nko mu byumba byo kwiyamburiramo, amacumbi rusange cyangwa inkambi.
Abaharanira uburenganzira bishimiye insinzi ku wa Gatatu, nyuma y'uko Urukiko Rukuru rw'u Bwongereza rufashe umwanzuro umwe wemeza ko ijambo 'umugore' mu mategeko y'uburinganire risobanura 'igitsina cy'umwimerere.'
Umucamanza Lord Patrick Hodge yagize ati:
'Amagambo 'umugore' n''igitsina' mu Itegeko ry'Uburinganire ryo mu 2010 bisobanura umugore w'inkomoko n'igitsina cy'inkomoko.' Yongeyeho ati: 'Ibyerekeye ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina bigomba gusobanurwa hashingiwe ku gitsina umuntu yavukanye.'
Mu isesengura ry'icyemezo, urukiko rwavuze ko gusobanura 'igitsina' hashingiwe ku GRC byabangamira ibisobanuro bisanzwe by''umugabo' n''umugore,' bikabangamira uburyo igitsina cyubahirizwa nk'ikiranga umuntu mu bijyanye no kurengerwa n'amategeko. Urukiko rwemeje ko trans femmes bashobora gukumirwa muri serivisi zagenewe igitsina kimwe 'niba bibaye ngombwa kandi bipimye.'
Lord Hodge yakomeje avuga ko guha trans femmes bafite GRC uburenganzira bwuzuye nk'ubw'abagore bavukanye igitsina cy'abagore byabaha 'uburenganzira burenze' ubw'abagore bavukanye ari abagore, nk'iyo bigeze ku mategeko yerekeye gusama n'ikiruhuko cyo kubyara.
Nubwo bimeze bityo, umucamanza yashimangiye ko ubusobanuro bahawe Itegeko ry'Uburinganire 'ritakuyeho uburenganzira bw'abantu ba trans', yaba bafite GRC cyangwa batayifite. Yavuze ko trans femmes bashobora gutanga ikirego kuri ivangura ribabera rishingiye ku ihinduranya ry'igitsina (gender reassignment), cyangwa ku kuba babonwa nk'abagore.
Umuvugizi wa Guverinoma y'u Bwongereza yagize ati:
Nubwo Lord Hodge yagaragaje ko icyemezo cy'urukiko 'kitagomba gufatwa nk'intsinzi y'itsinda rimwe ku rundi', abaharanira ko igitsina gishingirwa ku bavutse batangaje ko batsinze.
Itsinda Sex Matters ryavuze riti:
'Urukiko rwatangaje igisubizo cy'ukuri: ikiranga umuntu ku gitsina â” kuba umugabo cyangwa umugore â” gishingiye ku kuri kw'igitsina, si ku nyandiko.'
Undi muryango, LGB Alliance, na wo wagiye uburana mu rubanza, wavuze ko iki cyemezo ari 'impinduka y'amateka ku bagore.'
Joanna Cherry, wahoze ari Depite mu ishyaka SNP ryo muri Skotilande, akaba ari n'umwe mu barwanashyaka ba kera ku burenganzira bw'abagore, yabwiye itangazamakuru ati:
'Numva nkuweho urusobe rw'ibitutsi n'ishyaka,' anavuga ko 'ubu inshingano ziri mu biganza bya ba politisiye kugira ngo amategeko yubahirizwe.'
Naho ku ruhande rw'abaharanira uburenganzira bwa trans, bagaragaje impungenge.
Mu Bwongereza, ibyaha bishingiye ku ivangura ry'igitsina byazamutse ku kigero cya 112% mu 2023, nk'uko imibare ya Leta ibigaragaza â” muri uwo mwaka kandi, Brianna Ghey, umukobwa muto wa trans, yishwe n'abana babiri biganaga mu busitani bwo hagati mu Bwongereza.
No muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, kuva igihe ubuyobozi bwa Donald Trump bwatangiye, imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu yagiye itabaza ku bwiyongere bw'ibitero ku burenganzira bw'abantu ba trans na non-binary.
Amnesty International, yashyigikiye Leta ya Skotilande mu rubanza, yari yarasabye ko amategeko ahindurwa kugira ngo abantu ba trans bagire uburenganzira ku buzima bwite, kubaka urugo, kurushinga no kubona serivisi z'ubuzima, nta ngorane zishingiye ku nyandiko z'icyemezo cy'igitsina.
Kuri uyu wa Gatatu, Amnesty yavuze ko icyemezo cy'urukiko gishobora 'kugira ingaruka ziteye impungenge ku buzima bw'abantu ba trans', ariko inagaragaza ko ari ingenzi kwibuka ko urukiko rwavuze ko 'abantu ba trans bakomeza kurengerwa n'Itegeko ry'Uburinganire mu bijyanye no kutavangurwa no guhungabanywa.'
Umuryango Stonewall, uhagarariye LGBTQ mu Bwongereza, wavuze ko icyemezo cy'urukiko ari 'giteye inkeke cyane ku muryango wa trans.'
Nyuma y'icyemezo, ishyirahamwe ry'abaharanira uburenganzira bwa trans muri Skotilande ryasabye abantu ba trans 'kwitaho no kwitahiriza neza.'
Ryongeyeho riti:
'Turakangurira abantu kudahita bahangayika â” hari amagambo menshi ari bwihute asohoke ashobora kwihutira gutangaza uko iki cyemezo kigiye kugira ingaruka ku buzima bwa buri muntu wa trans, ariko akenshi ari ukubyitirira birenze.'
Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika igiye kuregera urukiko Leta ya Maine kubera itubahiriza iteka rya Perezida Trump rikumira abakinnyi b'igitsina cyahinduwe mu mikino y'abakobwa n'abagore
Ku wa Gatatu, Umunyamategeko Mukuru wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Pam Bondi, yari ateganyijwe gutangaza ku mugaragaro icyemezo cyo kuregera Leta ya Maine mu rukiko, nk'igice cyiyongereye ku makimbirane amaze igihe hagati ya Perezida Donald Trump n'iyo leta, kubera ko yanze gukurikiza iteka rya Perezida ribuza abakinnyi b'igitsina cyahinduwe gukina mu mikino y'abakobwa n'abagore.
Iyi manza izaba nyuma y'iminsi itanu Guverinoma ya Trump igerageje guhagarika inkunga yose Leta ya Maine yavanaga mu isanduku ya Leta ku bijyanye n'amashuri ya Leta ndetse n'igaburo ry'abanyeshuri, ibi bikaba byarakurikiye inama yabaye tariki ya 21 Gashyantare hagati ya Trump n'abagenga ba leta batandukanye, aho yagiranye amakimbirane na Guverineri wa Maine w'ishyaka ry'Abademokarate, Janet Mills.
Muri iyo nama, Trump yateye ubwoba Mills ko azahagarika inkunga yose Leta ya Maine ihabwa n'Igihugu, niba idakurikije iteka rye rya perezida rikumira abakinnyi b'igitsina cyahinduwe mu gukina imikino y'abakobwa n'abagore.
Mu gihe cyose cy'amatora, Trump akunze kwamagana bikomeye uruhare rw'abakinnyi b'igitsina cyahinduwe mu mikino y'abagore. Iteka yasinye ryashimwe n'abamushyigikiye bavuga ko rizasubiza ibintu ku murongo w'uburinganire mu mikino, mu gihe abarwanya iryo teka bavuga ko rirenganya uburenganzira bw'agatsiko gato cyane k'abakinnyi.
Perezida w'Impuzamashyirahamwe y'Amashuri Makuru n'Universités muri Amerika (NCAA), Charlie Baker, yavuze muri Mutarama ko mu bakinnyi basaga 510,000 bakinira ayo mashuri, batarenze 10 ari bo bemeza ku mugaragaro ko ari ab'igitsina cyahinduwe.
Ku ya 2 Mata, Minisiteri y'Ubuhinzi muri Amerika (USDA) yatangaje ko yahagaritse inkunga yagenerwaga gahunda yo kugaburira abanyeshuri bo muri Maine, ivuga ko iyo leta yishe ibikubiye muri Title IX, itegeko rihana ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina mu mashuri no mu yandi bikorwa bya Leta.
Urukiko Rukuru rwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika rwahise rutanga itegeko rihagarika by'agateganyo icyo cyemezo cyo guhagarika inkunga, nyuma y'uko Leta ya Maine iregereye Leta ya Amerika. Mbere yaho gato ku ya 2 Mata, Minisiteri y'Uburezi yari yatangaje ko yahagaritse miliyoni $250 z'amadolari yagenerwaga amashuri y'incuke kugeza ayisumbuye (K-12) muri Maine, mu rwego rw'igenzura rya Leta.
Iyo Minisiteri kandi yatangaje ko iri kohereza dosiye ku Rwego rw'Ubushinjacyaha (Justice Department), kugira ngo harebwe niba hashyirwaho igikorwa cy'ubutabera gishingiye kuri Title IX.
Mu ibaruwa yandikiwe Minisiteri y'Uburezi tariki ya 11 Mata, Umwungirije w'Umunyamategeko Mukuru wa Maine, Sarah Forster, yavuze ko leta ya Maine itazashyira umukono ku mwanzuro wari watanzwe cyangwa indi mvugo iyo ari yo yose isubiwemo.
Yagize ati: 'Nta na kimwe muri Title IX cyangwa amategeko ayishyira mu bikorwa kibuza amashuri kwemera abakobwa n'abagore b'igitsina cyahinduwe gukina mu makipe y'abakobwa n'abagore. Amabaruwa yanyu kugeza ubu nta na rumwe rugaragaza urubanza na rumwe rwemeza ibyo muvuga.'
Niba ushaka ko dukomeza tubikurikirane cyangwa tukabisobanura birambuye, ndahari.
