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Ni umuburo iki kigo gitanga mu buryo bwo kwirinda ko umutungo w'amazi ushobora gukoreshwa nabi mu bihe bizaza ukaba washira, cyane ko kigaragaza ko mu Rwanda imigezi ivuka ari yo mike kurusha ikama.

Kuri ubu, Ishami rishinzwe gutanga impushya z'amazi muri RWB rigaragaza ko mu bigo bikoresha amazi ku ngano iri hejuru mu mirimo itandukanye bigera ku 2200 ariko ngo abagera kuri 810 ni bo bafite izo mpushya.

Ni ibintu ubuyobozi bw'iryo shami buvuga ko bigomba guhagurukirwa kuko bitabaye ibyo mu myaka iri imbere amazi yazaba nk'ibikomoka kuri peteroli, abantu babikerensa.

Umuyobozi w'iryo shami, Munyandinda Vital, yagize ati 'Umutungo kamere w'amazi ni umutungo rusange abantu bafiteho uburenganzira bungana. Mu gusaranganya uwo mutungo, iyo usabye uruhushya rw'amazi icyo gihe uba umenyekanye mubawukeneye bikadufasha no kumenya ibikorwaremezo dukeneye n'ingano y'amazi dushaka n'aho yava.'

Kuri ubu imirimo iteganyijwe gusabirwa uruhushya irimo kuhira imyaka ku buso burenga hegitari imwe, ingomero z'amashanyarazi n'izo gufata amazi, gukwirakwiza amazi mu ngo n'inganda zikenera amazi zitakuye ku bayakwirakwiza.

Biyongeraho kandi ku bakora imirimo y'imyidagaduro cyangwa indi mikono nk'abafite za 'beach' ku biyaga, ubworozi bw'amafi bukorerwa mu byuzi cyangwa ibiyaga, kuronga kawa, kuyungurura amabuye y'agaciro no gucukura gaz.

Munyandinda ati 'Kuyungurura amabuye y'agaciro byo ni umwihariko kuko ho tunareba niba ayo mazi akoreshejwe bafite aho bayashyira adasubijwe mu migezi kuko ashobora no kwangiza ibinyabuzima.'

Usaba urwo ruhushya yandikira umuyobozi mukuru inyandiko ikajyana n'ifishi yuzuzwaho amakuru asabwa arimo ingano y'amazi ashaka n'ibindi bikagenzurwa nyuma usaba uruhushya akaruhabwa.

Uruhushya rumara imyaka umushinga uzamara, imyaka ntarengwa ikaba 15 ishobora kongerwa mu gihe bigaragaye ko imirimo yarusabiwe itararangira.

Munyandinda yavuze ko izo mpushya zinabafasha kwirinda ko abantu babyiganira ahantu runaka, ibishobora gutuma amazi yaho aba make 'kuko hari nk'imigezi igaburira ibiyaga byo mu Burasirazuba kubera ko yuzuye, iyo abaye make bya biyaga bishobora gukama.'

Ati 'Bidufasha no kumenya abakoresha amazi abo ari bo, ingano y'amazi ikenewe noneho tukamenya ibikorwaremezo twakubaka mu kurinda ko ejo hazaza, twazisanga uwo mutungo kamere w'amazi warashize. Iyo utabungabunzwe neza urashira.'

Yongeraho ko mu bushakashatsi bakora umunsi ku wundi basanga ko mu 2050 nk'icyerekezo u Rwanda rwihaye mu cyo kugeza amazi ku Banyarwanda bose, bidakozwe neza icyo gihe cyazagera amazi atakibakwiriye.

Usaba uruhushya agomba kubanza gutanga ibihumbi 35 Frw ndetse ngo hari gukorwa ubushakashatsi bw'uburyo umuntu yajya yishyura ikiguzi runaka bitewe n'ingano y'amazi yakoresheje ku mwaka.

Ibihano birimo n'igifungo cy'imyaka ibiri

Kuri ubu gukoresha amazi utabifitiye uburenganzira ni icyaha gihanwa n'amategeko ahana y'u Rwanda.

Itegeko N°49/2018 ryo ku wa 13/08/2018 mu ngingo yaryo ya 21 n'iya 22 rigena imikoreshereze n'imicungire y'umutungo kamere w'amazi mu Rwanda riteganya ko ikoreshwa ry'uwo mutungo mu mirimo itandukanye risabirwa uruhushya.

Umuntu ufashwe akoresha amazi mu mirimo yavuzwe haruguru ariko atabifitiye uruhushya ahanwa bijyanye n'icyaha cyakozwe hifashishijwe ibihano byo mu rwego rw'ubutegetsi n'ibitangwa n'inkiko.

Ibyo mu rwego rw'ubutegetsi bitangwa na RWB ni ibiteganyirijwe ku bantu barimo nk'abatanga amakuru atari yo aho usaba uruhushya ashobora gusaba urwo kuhira akarukoresha mu gukwirakwiza amazi.

Uwo ahanishwa amande agera ku bihumbi 250 Frw.

Ikindi ni igihe ukoresha amazi abangamiye umukozi wa RWB uri mu kazi k'ubugenzuzi areba niba amazi akoreshwa mu buryo bukwiriye bwasabiwe uruhushya, itegeko rigena ko ubikoze ashobora guhanishwa ibihumbi 500 Frw.

Ushobora gukurikiranwa n'inkiko ni ukoresha amazi nta ruhushya afite, iyo ahamwe n'icyo cyaha ahanishwa ibihumbi 500 Frw cyangwa se igifungo kiri hagati y'amezi abiri n'atatu.

Iyo umuntu asanzwe akoresha ayo mazi ariko bikabonwa ko ayahumanya, inzego za RWB zimushyikiriza inkiko yahamwa n'icyo cyaha agahabwa igifungo kuva ku mezi abiri kugeza ku myaka ibiri n'ihazabu kuva kuri miliyoni 2 Frw kugeza kuri miliyoni 5 Frw.

Nubwo bimeze gutyo ariko abantu ntibarabyumva neza kuko ngo bumva ko ari uburenganzira bwabo, abandi bakaba batabizi, Munyandinda akavuga ko bakomeje ubukangurambaga mu kubibumvisha.

Munyandinda yavuze ko kuri ubu bari gukorana n'inzego zitandukanye iriya mirimo isabirwa uruhushya ibarizwamo aho buri wese ugiye gutangira iyo mirimo mu byangombwa asabwa hazajya hashyirwamo n'uruhushya rumwemerera gukoresha amazi mu kugabanya iyo mibare y'abatarufite.

Yibutsa ko abari muri iyo mirimo badafite uruhushya bafite ibyago by'uko mu gihe haje umuntu ushaka gukorera aho bakorera kandi akabisabira uruhushya iki kigo kitazazuyaza kuhamuha ” kuko wowe tutakuzi, ukoresha amazi rwihishwa “.

Ikigega cyita ku Bidukikije, The World Wide Fund for Nature kigaragaza ko nubwo Isi igizwe n'amazi angana na 70% , ashobora gukoreshwa mu mirimo itandukanye agera kuri 3% ndetse bibiri bya gatatu byayo ni urubura.

Ibi bituma miliyari 1.1 by'abaturage mu Isi babura amazi ndetse abandi miliyari 2.7 bashobora kubura amazi byibuze ukwezi kumwe mu mwaka.

Iki kigo kigaragaza ko inzuzi, ibiyaga ndetse n'andi mazi abumbatiwe n'ibitare agabanyuka umunsi ku wundi cyangwa akanduzwa ku buryo atakoreshwa imirimo, bigatizwa umurindi n'abo mu buhinzi n'indi mirimo bakoresha amazi menshi kandi mu buryo bishakiye.

Kigaragaza ko hatagize igikorwa ngo uwo mutungo kamere ubungwabungwe uko bikwiriye binyuze mu ngamba zitandukanye, mu 2025 bibiri bya gatatu by'abatuye Isi bashobora kuzahura n'ikibazo cy'amazi.

Ingomero z’amashanyarazi na zo ziri mu zigomba gusabirwa uruhushya

Abakora ibikorwa byo kuhira nabo basabwa kubisabira uruhushya

Abayungurura amabuye y’agaciro bo bafite umwihariko kuko nyuma yo gusaba uruhushya hagenzurwa n’aho bashyira amazi yamaze kurongwa

Abakora ubworozi bw’amafi yaba umuntu ku giti cye cyangwa ikigo bose bagomba kubisabira uburenganzira

Abakoresha amazi y’ibishanga badafite uburenganzira bagiye kujya bahanwa

Abadepite n'abari bahagarariye Guverinoma muri rusange bagaragaje ko iri tegeko rizaca intege abakora ibi byaha. Rije risimbura iryo mu mwaka wa 2019.

Perezida wa Komisiyo y'Ububanyi n'Amahanga, Ubutwererane n'Umutekano, Bugingo Emmanuel, avuga ko gushyiraho itegeko rishya bizakuraho ibyuho byagaragaraga mu ryari risanzweho.

Yagize ati 'Ibihano ku iyezandonke harimo igifungo cy'imyaka 10 itarengeje imyaka 15 ariko na ya ndonke yejejwe agatanga ihazabu yikubye inshuro zishobora kugeza kuri eshanu z'agaciro k'indonke yejejwe.'

'Gutera inkunga iterabwoba byo imyaka iragenda ikagera muri 25, ni kimwe no gutera inkunga ikwirakwizwa ry'intwaro kirimbuzi kandi ikindi cyashyizwe muri iri tegeko ni uko kiriya cyaha kidasaza.'

Iri tegeko rigizwe n'ingingo 73 zose zikaba zatowe n'Abadepite ku bwiganze busesuye.

Umuyobozi Mukuru w'Urwego Rushinzwe Ubutasi ku Mari (FIC), Gashumba Jeanne Pauline, avuga ko nubwo ibi byaha bihari mu Rwanda n'ubwo bitaragera ku rwego rwo hejuru.

Ashimangira ko iri tegeko rizarushaho gufasha inzego zitandukanye zifatanya gukumira bene ibi byaha.

Ati 'Aha bishatse kuvuga ko iterabwoba akenshi ntabwo ryabaho hatabayeho abaritera inkunga, ibyo rero ni ibyaha bigendana, niba mu gihugu cyacu dufite ibyaha by'iterabwoba byagiye biboneka, bivuze ngo haba harabayeho uburyo bwo kubitera inkunga kugira ngo bibashe kubaho.'

'Iri tegeko rero rirateganya uburyo bwo gukumira n'uburyo bwo guhana kandi byose biba bigamije kugira ngo igihugu cyacu kibashe kubaho kirinzwe kitarimo ibyo byaha.'

Ibyaha by'iyezandonke, gutera inkunga ibikorwa by'iterabwoba no gukwirakwiza intwaro za kirimbuzi bikorwa akenshi amafaranga ava muri bene ibi bikorwa akoreshwa mu buzima busanzwe nko mu ma banki.

Akoreshwa kandi mu kugura imitungo inyuranye n'ibindi bikorwa by'ubukungu nyamara ari amafaranga yabonetse ari uko hakozwe ibyaha, ari yo mpamvu ibihugu binyuranye bifatanya mu kubirwanya.

Abagize Inteko Rusange batoye itegeko rihana ibyaha by’iyezandonke no gutera inkunga iterabwoba

Ni nyuma y'inama yahuje izi mpande eshatu yabereye i Genève mu Busuwisi ku biro ry'ishami ry'umuryango w'abibumbye rishinzwe impunzi, ikaba yigaga ku kibazo cy'impunzi z'abanye Congo bari mu Rwanda ndetse n'iz'abanyarwanda bari muri Congo.

Yatumijwe n'Umuyobozi Mukuru w'Ishami ry'Umuryango Mpuzamahanga ryita ku Mpunzi (HCR), Filippo Grandi, yitabirwa n'Itsinda rya RDC ryari riyobowe na Minisitiri w'Ububanyi n'Amahanga, Christophe Lutundula naho iry'u Rwanda riyobowe na Minisitiri ushinzwe ibikorwa by'ubutabazi, Kayisire Marie Solange n'abandi.

Yari igamije kuganira kuri gahunda yo gucyura impunzi z'abanye-Congo bari mu Rwanda n'abanyarwanda bari muri Congo ku bushake, gufasha abashaka kuguma muri ibyo bihugu kwisanga mu bandi ndetse n'amasezerano y'inyabutatu yo mu 2010.

Imyanzuro y'iyi nama, irimo ko ibihugu byombi byiyemeje 'gukurikirana iyubahirizwa ry'amasezerano y'inyabutatu ya Tariki 17 Gashyantare 2010, Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yasinyanye n'iya RDC ndete na UNHCR ku bijyanye no gucyura impunzi z'Abanye-Congo ziri mu Rwanda ndetse n'iz'abanyarwanda bari muri RDC kandi ibiyateganyijwe bikubahirizwa'.

Byiyemeje kugirana ibiganiro byubaka bigamije gushyiraho uburyo buboneye bufasha abashaka gutahuka mu gihugu no kuzirikana uburenganzira bwo gutahuka ku bushake kw'impunzi n'amahame yo kubacungira umutekano.

Ibihugu kandi byiyemeje gukemura inzitizi zishoboka zijyanye n'umutekano w'abatahuka, kubafasha kwisanga mu muryango ndetse no gutanga amakuru ku mibereho yabo. Hari ugukomeza guha ubuhungiro ababukeneye no kubitaho nk'uko amahame mpuzamahanga abiteganya.

U Rwanda, RDC na UNHCR bemeje bazahurira i Nairobi mu kwezi kumwe uhereye igihe iri tangazo risohokeye mu nama yo ku rwego rwa tekiniki yiga ku gushyiraho uburyo bwo gusubukura ibyiyemejwe masezerano ya 2010 na gahunda y'inama zo gushakira igisubizo kirambye ikibazo cy'impunzi mu bihugu byombi.

Iyi nama kandi iziga ku gusubukura uburyo bwo gufasha impunzi z'abanye-Congo n'iz'abanyarwanda zishaka gutahuka bigendanye n'ibiteganywa n'amasezerano yo mu 2010.

Kuva mu 1996, u Rwanda rwakiriye ibihumbi by'impunzi z'abanye-Congo, kugeza ubu ababarirwa mu 4000 batahutse mu 2003, nta kundi gutahuka ku bushake kwabayeho bikozwe na Leta cyangwa UNHCR.

Amasezerano y'inyabutatu yasinywe, amaze imyaka atarashyirwa mu bikorwa.

Amasezerano kandi ya Luanda yo kuwa 11 Mutarama 2023, yasabye RDC gufasha impunzi z'abanye-Congo gutahuka, icyakora, Abaminisitiri babiri b'iki gihugu uw'uburezi Muhindo Nzangi Butondo n'uw'itumanaho Patrick Muyaya bihakanye abaturage babo bakomeje kuba mu buzima bubi bw'ubuhunzi.

Ibi byerekana ko guverinoma ya RDC 'itumva ko itegetswe guha ituze n'agaciro abaturage bayo bakomeje kubaho nabi mu nkambi nyinshi mu karere'.

U Rwanda ntiruteganya kwirukana cyangwa guhagarika kwakira impunzi z'abanye-Congo ariko ntiruhwema gusaba umuryango mpuzamahanga gufata inshingano zo gushaka igisubizo kirambye ku mpunzi z'abanye-Congo zibagiranye.

U Rwanda ni igihugu gifite isura nziza yo kwakira neza no guha ituze abagihungiyemo bari mu kaga. Rumaze guha ubuhungiro impunzi zirenga ibihumbi 130 ziturutse mu bihugu byinshi, harimo abarenga ibihumbi 80 bo muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC). Hari n'abandi batanditse.

Hari impunzi z'abanye-Congo ziba mu mijyi n'iziba mu nkambi zitandukanye. Inkambi ya Kiziba irimo abagera ku 15.762, iya Nyabiheke irimo 12.923, iya Kigeme icumbikiye 14.622, iya Mugombwa ni 11.546, iya Mahama ibamo 19.191, muri Kigali haba 946 naho Nyamata haba batatu.

Imibare yerekana ko mu mpunzi z'abanye-Congo ziri mu Rwanda, abatarengeje imyaka 17 bangana na 50%, abafite hagati ya 18-59 ni 45% naho abayirengeje ni 5%.

86.6% by'izi mpunzi zahunze zituruka muri Kivu y'Amajyaruguru, 8.4% baturutse muri Kivu y'Amajyepfo, 1.6% baturutse muri Haut Katanga naho 1.4% baturutse mu bindi bice.

Nyuma y'imyaka myinshi yo kwirengagiza nkana no guhakana ko hari impunzi z'abanye-Congo ziri mu Rwanda, muri Werurwe 2023, Guverinoma ya RDC yatangaje ko inteko ishinga amategeko izemeza vuba umwanzuro ugenga uburyo bwo gucyura impunzi z'abanye-Congo ziri mu Rwanda.

Abashaka ubuhungiro barakirwa

Ibibazo by'umutekano muke biri mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC, byatumye mu Ugushyingo 2022 abashaka ubuhungiro mu Rwanda biyongera. Kugeza tariki 7 Gicurasi 2023, u Rwanda rwari rumaze kwakira abagera ku 6.838 bashaka ubuhungiro, barimo 1.760 boherejwe mu nkambi ya Mahama abandi 5.078 bashyirwa mu kigo cy'agateganyo cya Nkamira mu karere ka Rubavu.

Kubona aho gutura ku mpunzi ni cyo gisubizo kirambye gishoboka. Kuva mu 2005 kugeza uyu munsi, hari impunzi z'abanye-Congo 24.976 zagiye gutura mu bindi bihugu birimo; Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Norvège, u Bufaransa, Canada, Denmark, u Buholandi, Finland na Australia kandi birakomeje.

Bitewe nuko amategeko y'u Rwanda ajyanye n'impunzi atanga uburenganzira bwo guhabwa ubwenegihugu, hari bake bemeye kubuhabwa kuko bashakanye n'abanyarwanda.

Ku rundi ruhande, mu myaka irenga 25 ishize u Rwanda rwashyize imbaraga mu gucyura impunzi, aho kuva mu 1994 kugeza ubu abagera hafi kuri miliyoni 3.5 batahutse cyane cyane abaturutse muri RDC kandi bafashijwe kwisanga mu muryango.

Kuva mu 2009, UNHCR yafatanyije n'u Rwanda mu gucyura impunzi, aho hatashye 97.398 hagati ya 2009 na 2022. Muri bo, 92% baturutse muri RDC. U Rwanda kandi rwakuyeho sitati y'ubuhunzi kuwa 31 Ukuboza 2017, kuva icyo gihe hatahutse 7.477.

Muri gahunda zo kubasubiza mu muryango, abahungutse bahabwa ubufasha burimo ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima bw'umwaka, amafaranga angana n'amadolari 250 ku muntu mukuru n'amadolari 150 ku mwana, ibiribwa by'amezi atatu n'ibindi.

Iyo basubiye aho bari batuye, bafashwa kwigishwa gahunda za leta nk'iz'imibereho myiza, kwiyandikisha mu irangamimerere, uburezi n'izindi.

Imibare ya UNHCR yerekana ko RDC icumbikiye impunzi z'abanyarwanda 210.067 kandi iki gihugu ntabwo kiremeza amasezerano akuraho ubuhunzi ku banyarwanda.