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Aho urubanza rwabereye, umutekano wari ukajijwe mu buryo budasanzwe kuko abapolisi bafite imbunda bari bakikije iyi nyubako

On March 14, after the first Coronavirus patient was diagnosed in Rwanda, it was immediately decided that all schools would be closed and that all students would return home and instead pursue classes online.

REB DG9 Dr. Ndayambaje Irénée told IGIHE that by the time the schools are open, there will be a lot to change because the curriculum will be different from what it used to be focusing mostly on online classes.

'Another factor is related to the hygiene and sanitation in schools. While classrooms are being built, there are also special plans to build permanent toilets in our schools.' Said Ndayambaje.

'We also want children to develop this habit of washing hands because in addition to protecting people from COVID-19 it also promotes hygiene in schools and as we learn it in schools and in our homes, we will be able to reduce incidences of childhood-related diseases. It’s something people should expect.'

REB said that there is also a program to feed children at schools where they will all be provided with meals. In 2014, the Government of Rwanda launched a program to feed 9- and 12-year-old children in primary education to help them improve their level of achievement without losing their temper.

In the first four years, the program was given a budget of Rwf 5.5 billion, but in the previous fiscal year it reached Rwf 7 billion.

'We had a program to feed the children in the secondary schools; you find cases of a child studying in primary school having their elder sibling in their first year of high school; when it is lunchtime one would go to school for lunch when the other will have to pack their lunch or go home to eat.' He said.

Now the government has decided that all children will eat at schools, for it improves their performance.

Recent data show that at one center in Kigali City, parents are required to pay Rwf 12,000 per quarter which is Rwf 4000 per month. The state government pays Rwf56 per child per day.

Last year, the attendance recorded of student 9-12-years primary school were at 97.3%, Kigali City came on the top 100% attendance, North recorded 99.4% attendance, Western Province with95.2%, Southern 97.3 %, Eastern Province also had a turnout of 97.3%.

Concerns about the rising of school fees

Some parents and caregivers who recently spoke to IGIHE pointed out that due to the preparations that will be made to prevent COVID-19 while schools are open; it is more likely that the cost will be higher than before.

Schools will be required to provide sanitation facilities, social distance system, increase the amount of water used for washing, building new classrooms, technology and more. It is expensive and more likely is expected to be paid by the student.

The institution will not build new schools or bring in new technology and when it comes to determining the tuition fees ignore all those expenses.

'You could say that the fact that the school bring water system. It means that the tuition fee is going to increase, but we have to go back and think to the cost we paid for the lack of water, the diseases and poor sanitation. Schools should not be afraid that this is going to be another burden so it should raise school fees, everything is counted, and water expenses are counted. We don’t think it is going to be very expensive but it’s something people wanted, it’s important to have It.' said Dr.Ndayambaje.

While schools are open, some courses will continue to be offered through technology

Dr Irenée Ndayambaje says that education is not stagnant because there is a system in place to help students continue their training

Nicole Kamanzi M.

Nyuma y’intumwa Pawulo, Augustine of Hippo, Umutagatifu muri Kiliziya Gatolika, niwe umuntu wakoze byinshi mu mateka ya gikristo, yanditse amagambo arenga miliyoni eshanu, yamenyekanye cyane mu gitabo yanditse cyitwa “The City of God” cyangwa se “Umurwa w’Imana” aho yashakaga kugaragaza ko Imana iriho imbere y’abayihakana. Ikindi kandi inyigisho ze zagize umumaro ukomeye cyane zituma abantu benshi bahindukira baza kuri Kristo.

Augustine of Hippo yavutse mu 354, nyuma y’imyaka 30 itotezwa ry’abakristo ryakorwaga n’Ubwami bw’Abaromani bahakanaga Imana rirangiye. Yapfuye ku wa 28 Kanama muri 430 afite imyaka 75 amaze guteza imbere Ubwami bwa Gikristo. Yavukiye muri Afurika y’amajyaruguru, ubuzima bwe hafi ya bwose yabumaze mu gihugu cya Alijeriya kandi yifataga nk’umunyafurika.

Binyuze mu nyigisho ze zerekeye agakiza n’ubuntu bw’Imana, zagize impinduka ku muryango mugari wa gikristo ndetse bituma abantu nka Maritin Luther King bamuha umwanya wa mbere mu bapadiri bagize ivugurura kandi bamufata nka se wa tewolojiya.

Hari byinshi by’ingenzi dukeneye ku buzima bwa Mutagatifu Augustin kubera Kwatura kwe. Yabyawe kandi arerwa n’umbyeyi w’umukristo , mama we yamureze neza akura afite impano ndetse atera imbere mu bijyanye no kwigisha agenda agiramo imyanya ikomeye. Yamaze igihe i Roma ariko yaje guhungabanywa no gushaka kumenya igisobanuro cy’ubuzima ariyo mpamvu yinjiye mu madini atandukanye ndetse akurikira filozofiya.

Amaherezo, yaje kumva ko byose ari ubusa, mugihe Augustin yari ufite imyaka 30, yasubiye mu bukristo. Yaratuye avuga uburyo, mugihe yari ari mu rungabangabo adashoboye gufata icyemezo, yumvise amajwi y’abana amubwira ati: “fata usome”. Bidatinze, yafunguye Bibiliya ye asoma Abaroma 13: 13-14 hagira hati:”Tugendane ingeso nziza nk’abagenda mu mucyo, tutagira ibiganiro bibi, tudasinda, tudasambana, tudakora iby’isoni nke, tudatongana kandi tutagira ishyari”

Augustine yakoze amahitamo ye, maze afata icyemezo cyo kugaruka mu buzima bwa gikristo arabatizwa ndetse agaruka mu muri Afurika ya Ruguru mu 388 kugirango ashinge umuryango w’abihaye Imana. Mu buryo bunyuranye n’umugambi we, yahawe inshingano, bidatinze agirwa Musenyeri wa Hippo (Bishop of Hippo), ubu hitwa Annaba muri Aligeria. Uyu mwanya yawugumyeho imyaka 40 kugeza apfuye.

Nka Musenyeri, Augustine yahuye n’inzitizi nyinshi. Habayeho impaka zikaze zo kumenya niba hakwemerwa gusubira mu busabane n’abanze gutotezwa, ndetse bahakanye kwizera. Icyo gihe hariho ibibazo bya tewolojiya kuburyo abagabo n’abagore bashakaga kwigira abakiranutsi. Augustin of Hippo yarwanye n’ibyo bibazo byose akora amavugurura menshi mu itorero kandi ategura abayobozi b’ahazaza.

Augustine yatanze urugero agaragaza kwiyemeza kwe agira ati:”Musenyeri washyize umutima we ku mwanya w’icyubahiro, aho gukora umurimo ashinzwe, agomba kumenya ko atari Musenyeri”. Ni muri ubwo buryo, Augustin umubwiriza butumwa bwiza, umushumba n’umuyobozi yashoboye kuba umwanditsi wibitabo byinshi bivuga ku bintu bitandukanye: igihe, amateka, icyaha, intambara n’ubutatu (trinity).

Mu myaka ye ya nyuma Augustin of Hippo yahuye n’igihirahiro gikomeye cy’isi. Hamwe n’ubukristo bwari ubwa Leta, abizera benshi babonaga ubwami nk’ikintu cy’ingenzi ku mugambi w’Imana mu isi, na Roma nk’umurwa uhoraho. Byanze bikunze igihe Roma yagwaga mu 410, ingaruka ku bizera zabaye mbi, byarushagaho kugirwa bibi cyane n’ibirego bya gipagani bivuga ko Imana y’Abakristo yananiwe. Mu gusubiza, Augustin yanditse igitabo kinini cyitwa “The City of God” bivuga Umurwa w’Imana, muri iki gitabo yavuze ko ibyiringiro by’Abakristo bidashingiye kuri Leta yo mu isi cyangwa umujyi, ahubwo bishingiye gusa mu ijuru, umurwa uhoraho w’Imana.

Urupfu rwa Augustine of Hippo

Mbere gato y’urupfu rwa Augustin, Vandals, umuryango w’Abadage bateye Afurika y’Abaroma. Vandals yagose Hippo mu mpeshyi yo mu 430. Amakuru dukesha Possidius atubwira ko Mugihe Augustine yafatwaga n’uburwayi, yamaze iminsi ye ya nyuma asenga kandi yihana, yasabye ko Zaburi ya Dawidi bayimanika ku gikuta cye aho abasha kuyisoma neza. Augustine yayoboye isomero ry’itorero muri Hippo kandi ibitabo byose byarimo byabitswe neza bigirira umumaro abantu benshi.

Augustine yapfuye kuwa 28 Kanama azize uburwayi, nyuma gato y’urupfu rwe, vandals, umuryango w’abadage baragarutse batwika umujyi. Basenya ibintu byose uretse catederal ya Augustine n’isomero rye nibyo byasigaye bidakozweho.
Augustine yabaye icyamamare ndetse akundwa na benshi, kandi yamenyekanye nk’ umudogiteri w’Itorero mu 1298 byemejwe na Papa Boniface wa VIII. Umunsi mukuru bizihiza Mutagatifu Augustin ni 28 Kanama, ariwo umunsi yapfiriyeho.

Ni iki dukwiye kwigira kuri Mutagatifu Agustine of Hippo?

Biragaragara ko yari afite ubwenge butangaje kandi ntibwamubujije gukora umurimo w’Imana. Mubyukuri yari umuhanga wigishijwe kuba umugaragu, ariyo mpamvu dukwiye kumwigiraho byinshi birimo kwicisha bugufi.
Birashimishije uburyo Mutagatifu Augustin yakijijwe ndetse akizera, yahuye n’ibibazo byinshi ariko ntibyigeze bimuvana kuri Kristo ahubwo yamukomeyeho ibihe byose. Iri ni isomo ku bayobozi b’amatorero birakwiye gukizwa no kurinda agakiza kabo.

Augustine yagize isesengura ryimbitse ku miterere y’umuntu. Yanditse byinshi kubyerekeye icyaha n’uburyo cyononnye buri gace k’ubuzima. Umuburo we wo gutunga kamere itagira inenge kuri buri wese muri twe ntuzigera wibagirana na rimwe. Mubyukuri twese dukenera gukizwa ariko iyo duhuye n’intege nke tugakora icyaha birakwiye ko twicuza vuba nk’uko Augustin yabigenzaga.

Augustine yabayeho mu gihe cy’imvururu kandi yazitwayemo neza. Niba harigeze kubaho igihe gikomeye wagereranya no kurangira kw’isi, ni ukugwa kwa Roma. Nyamara ashyigikiwe n’Ibyanditswe Byera, Agusitine yahagaze ashikamye kandi yerekana ibirenze ku imvururu z’isi yerekeza ku Murwa w’Imana uhoraho. Iri ni iyerekwa dukeneye byihutirwa ndetse tukaritangaza.

Source:canonjjohn.com, wikipedia.org

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La séance de procès commence dans de précautions sévères de lutte contre la propagation de la Covid19. Il va sans dire que la sécurité est aussi renforcée.

Le ministère public accable l’accusé de quelques 13 crimes.
Il est accusé de fonder un groupe armé illégal, de financer des activités terroristes, de terrorisme à des fins politiques, d’organisation et participation à des actes terroristes. Au delà de ceci, il lui est reproché de donner des instructions en vue de commettre des actes terroristes, de faire partie d’un groupe terroriste, de comploter et de sensibiliser aux activités terroristes.
Il entre aussi dans la complicité délibérée dans le crime de meurtre, de prise d’otages, de vol à main armée, d’incendie criminel d’habitation d’autrui, de coups et blessures, de recrutement d’enfants-soldats.

Pour le Ministère public, Paul Rusesabagina devra être poursuivi pour des crimes commis par le FLN/Forces de Libération Nationale, branche armée du collectif MRCD/Mouvement Rwandais pour le Changement Démocratique.

Les débats qui ont eu lieu cet avant midi tendaient, pour le Ministère Public, à tout faire pour faire valoir le poids de ses accusations dont le fait que Paul Rusesabagina a donné une contribution de 20 mille Euro dans la caisse de FLN.
Son avocat, Me Rugaza allège l’accusation et parle seulement de 900 USD, une somme qu’il a trouvé assez dérisoire pour être utilisée à des fins militaires.

Au delà de ceci, le Ministère Public accuse Paul Rusesabagina de propos sensibilisant à la commission du terrorisme.
“Rusesabagina a les pleins droits de commerce de ses idées. Mais pour être intervenu dans les radio et télévisions internationales pour déclarer que le FLN est une branche de MRCD, un FLN qui a commencé ses activités armées au Rwanda, ceci ne se qualifierait pas de droit d’expression. De deux, Rusesabagina admet de son propre chef avoir versé sa contribution en argent au FLN, cet argent a servi pour tuer d’innocents civils rwandais, cela ne se qualifierait pas non plus comme un droit d’expression au moment où il soutenait un groupe qui a l’objectif de tuer les citoyens”, a dit le Procureur tentant d’asséner un coup d’argument-massue à l’accusé pour immédiatement balayer l’argument présenté par l’avocat de la défense selon lequel Paul Rusesabagina est de nationalité belge, que par conséquent il doit être jugé par la justice belge.

“Eh non ! Tout individu doit subir la justice d’une entité administrative où il sera soupçonné d’avoir commis un crime”, rétorque le Procureur.
La même défense trouve que Paul Rusesabagina a résidence dans le quartier de Nyarutarama en District Gasabo où il possède une propriété, par conséquent, c’est le Tribunal de Base de Gasabo qui devrait le juger.

“Oui, il y a sa propriété mais cela ne veut pas dire que c’est là qu’il réside. Ce n’est pas non plus là où il a été arrêté”, rétorque le Procureur tentant de balayer tout prétexte de la défense pour montrer les vices de procédure du procès.

Débat sur la qualification et la solidité des crimes

La défense évoque le fait que Paul Rusesabagina est accusé de crimes qui concernent des partis politiques autres que le sien. L’avocat demande qu’il ne soit redevable que des actions qu’il commis lui-même.

Les débats ont été suspendus pour reprendre dans l’après-midi de ce même lundi.

IGIHE