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Barack Obama, yagaragayeho cyane urukundo rudasanzwe akunda abana. Ni kenshi yagiye agaragara akina n’abana, yirukankana nabo, asekana nabo ubona ko bishimye, kuburyo atari buri wese wapfa gutekereza ko ibi yabikora. Abana b’abakobwa babiri afite bamaze gukura, ariko ntibyamubujije kugaragaza ko yikundira n’utwana duto cyane tw’impinja.

Perezida Obama kandi, yagiye agaragara yishimana n’abantu batandukanye, akinana nabo umukino wa Basket, anakora ibindi bintu bitandukanye birimo ibitangaje ku muntu nk’uyu ariko hakabamo n’ibisekeje cyane.

REBA AMAFOTO MENSHI MU BIHE BITANDUKANYE HANO :

Ubusanzwe, iyi modoka y’igitangaza yari yakorewe inzu itunganya sinema ya Hollywood muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, kugirango izajye yifashishwa mu gukina amafilime. Gusa nyuma yaje no kuba imodoka buri wese ashobora kugura kugirango ayikoreshe yishimisha cyangwa ayitemberamo bisanzwe.

Iyi modoka ifite uburebure burenga gato metero 30, ikaba ifite amapine 26, imbere ikaba irimo ibintu bitandukanye birimo ubwogero (Piscine/Swimming pool), ikagira n’igice kirimo uburiri, muri macye umuntu ashobora kuyimaramo igihe ayituyemo akemuriramo bimwe mu bikenerwa mu buzima bwa buri munsi.

Uyu mugabo yabayeho ku ngoma ya Yuhi V Musinga, umwami wategetse u Rwanda hagati y’umwaka wa 1895 na 1931 hakurikijwe igenekereza ry’urutonde rw’Abami bategetse u Rwanda rya Padiri Alegisi Kagame. Rukara afite benshi bamukomokaho mu nzu y’ Abarashi, benshi muri aba bakaba batuye mu Karere ka Burera mu murenge wa Gahunga ho mu ntara y’Amajyaruguru, aho bakunze kwita mu Gahunga k’Abarashi.

Ndagijimana Yuvenari ; umwe mu buzukuru be, avuga ko ibyo azi kuri sekuru Rukara abikesha uruhererekane mvugo ni ukuvuga ko yabyumvanye se. Uyu mugabo avuga ko inzu y’Abarashi ibarizwa mu bwoko bw’Abacyaba b’Abarashi, bakomoka kuri Karashi ari we mukurambere wabo. Kwitwa Karashi ngo byaba byaratewe n’uko ngo uyu musekuruza yari umukogoto w’umuheto (umuhanga mu kurashisha umuheto.)

Karashi ngo yavaga inda imwe n’abandi bahungu barimo Kanaga ndetse na Karandura, imiryango yabo ikaba ifite inkomoko muri Ankole nkuko Ndagijimana abivuga. Ndagijimana akomeza avuga ko benshi mu barashi babaye ibyamamare mu ngabo z’i bwami ariko uwamamaye cyane ari Rukara rwa Bishingwe wari umutware w’abakemba, uruyenzi, abemeranzigwe n’urukandagira, iyi yose ikaba yari imitwe y’ingabo yariho ku ngoma ya Yuhi Musinga.

Intebe y’ubutware bw’ ingabo Rukara rw’igikundiro, urwa Semukanya intahanabatatu ya Rutamu mu nteruro y’icyivugo cye, ngo yayizunguyeho (yayirazwe) se Bishingwe kuko ngo nawe yatwariraga Kigeli IV Rwabugili ingabo. Rukara rwa Bishingwe ngo yari umugabo w’igihagararo, ibigango n’igitinyiro nk’uko bamwe mu banditsi b’amateka y’u Rwanda bamubonye babyanditse. Umwanditsi Dufays, yanditse ko yari afite nka metero imwe na santimetero 90 mu gihagararo.

Rukara ngo yagiraga ihinyu cyane.

Mu buzima bwe, Rukara rwa Bishingwe ngo yakunze guhinyura abantu bakomeye ariko ngo byagera ku mugabekazi Nyirayuhi Kanjogera wategekeraga umuhungu we Musinga wari akiri igihenga (umwana muto) muri icyo gihe bikaba akarusho.
Umunsi umwe ngo Rukara yasanze uyu mugabekazi wakundaga guca imanza yikinze inyuma y’inyegamo, maze ngo aramuhinyura avuga ko urubanza rwo mu nyegamo na nyina Kavumbi yaruca.

Uretse ibi, Ndagijimana umwe mu buzukuru be avuga ko yumvaga Se avuga ko Rukara yubahukaga cyane umugabekazi Kanjogera kuko ngo hari n’igihe yamunyariye ku ntebe undi ayihagurutseho.

Si umugabekazi gusa utaravugaga rumwe na Rukara kuko ngo atanacanaga uwaka n’abazungu cyane cyane abapadiri kuko baje bacengeza inyigisho z’ubukirisitu mu gihe abatuye aka gace k’Umurera bari bakomeye ku idini gakondo ya Nyabingi.
Ikindi kandi ngo ubwo abazungu bageraga muri kariya gace bigabije amwe mu masambu y’abarashi bayashingamo imbago bashaka kuhubaka amazu.

Uyu mugabo avuga ko Rukara ari we wafashe iya mbere mu kurandura izo mbago maze Padiri Paulin Lupiyasi bahimbaga Rugigana akamutumaho inshuro nyinshi ngo yisobanure ariko ngo Rukara akamuninira ntamwitabe. Gusa uyu mugabo avuga ko byageze aho Rukara akemera kwitaba Padiri Lupiyasi bagahurira ahitwa kuri Nyabyungo ubu hubatse kiriziya. Bahuriye kuri Nyabyungo Lupiyasi ngo yaramukije Rukara agira ati : ” yambu ” kandi ngo iyo ndamukanyo Rukara yarayifataga nk’igitutsi cyo kwamburwa abana.

Rukara ngo yamwihanangirije kutazongera kumubwira iryo jambo, Lupiyasi we abibonamo agasuzuguro amukubita urushyi maze Rukara nawe amuterera ku munigo kugeza anogotse. Urupfu rwa Padiri Rupiyasi rwateye Rukara guhungira mu Ndorwa ndetse na benshi mu barashi bahungira i Kongo, mu Bufumbira (Uganda), n’ahandi, bose batinya ko abazungu bazaza guhorera mwene wabo.

Kwerekeza mu Ndorwa, Rukara yashakaga kwisunga Ndungutse wari warahigaruriye n’ubwo nawe atari yorohewe na busa n’ubutegetsi bwa Musinga bwamuregaga kubwigumuraho.

Abazungu bamenye ko Rukara yahungiye kuri Ndungutse bamusabye kubaha Rukara arabyemera yibwira ko nabo bazamukiza Musinga wari warahagurukiye kurwanya abigometse ku bwami bwe bose nubwo bitabaye kuko bitabujije umudage Liyetona Goduwiyusi kumutera ku ya 13 Mata 1912.

Ubwo Rukara ngo yabuguzaga na Ndungutse mu rugo, abasirikare b’abazungu bari ku mugambi na Ndungutse baje rwihishwa bamugwa gitumo baramuboha ariko muri uko kumuboha ngo hagwa umwe mu basirikare ahitanwe na Rukara ndetse ngo Rukara yiyambura impuzu ahenera Ndungutse amuvuma ngo ntakime ingoma mu Rwanda. Nyuma yo gufatwa akabohwa Rukara yajyanywe kunyongerwa mu Ruhengeri aho yarashwe urufaya rw’amasasu.

Ibikorwa bya Rukara byakoze kuri bamwe mu Barashi

Mbere y’uko Rukara anyongwa ngo yasize ashinganishije abamukomokaho kuko ngo yasabye abazungu bari bagiye kumwica kutazamukorera ku bana n’ubwo ibyo bitabujije ko abakomoka mu nzu y’abarashi ndetse n’ abari batuye Umurera muri rusange bahura n’ingaruka zitandukanye nk’uko umwuzukuru we Ndagijimana abivuga.

Uyu avuga ko bumwe mu butaka bw’abarashi bari barahunze nyuma y’uko Rukara yivugana umuzungu bwigaruriwe n’abandi baturage ntibanabusubizwe mu gihe bahungukaga. Uretse n’ibyo, uyu mugabo avuga ko mu mashuri bamwe mu batuye kano gace bahejwe n’abapadiri bari bayoboye uburezi bw’icyo gihe. Ati :' twabayeho nabi nta munyeshuri wa hano wigeze azamuka mu mashuri . Tubonye abanyeshuri batsinda vuba'.

Icyakora Ndagijimana avuga ko ubu umuryango w’abacyaba b’abarashi wagutse ku buryo ngo ubasanga henshi mu gihugu cyane cyane mu duce tw’amajyaruguru nka Ruhengeri na Gisenyi. Avuga kandi ko benshi mu bakomoka mu nzu y’Abarashi bafata Rukara rwa Bishingwe nk’intwari idateze kwibagirana mu mateka y’abarashi.

Ibijyanye n’abami ntitubitindaho cyane, gusa turagaragaza uburyo bagiye bakurikirana n’imyaka bategetse :

1. Gihanga I Ngomijana (1091-1124)

2. Kanyarwanda Gahima (1124-1157)

3. Yuhi I Musindi (1157-1180)

4. Ndahiro I Ruyange (1180-1213)

5. Ndoba (1213-1246)

6. Samembe (1246-1279)

7. Nsoro I Samukondo (1279-1312)

8. Ruganzu I Bwimba (1312-1345)

9. Cyilima I Rugwe (1345-1378)

10. Kigeli I Mukobanya (1378-1411)

11. Mibambwe I Sekarongoro I Mutabazi I (1411-1444)

12. Yuhi II Gahima II (1444-1477)

13. Ndahiro II Cyamatare (1477-1510)

14. Ruganzu II Ndoli (1510-1543)

15. Mutara I Nsoro II Semugeshi 1543-1576)

16. Kigeli II Nyamuheshera (1576-1609)

17. Mibambwe II Sekarongoro II Gisanura (1609-1642)

18. Yuhi III Mazimpaka (1642-1675)

19. Cyilima II Rujugira (1675-1708)

20. Kigeli III Ndabarasa (1708-1741)

21. Mibambwe III Mutabazi II Sentabyo (1741-1746)

22. Yuhi IV Gahindiro (1746-1802)

23. Mutara II Rwogera (1802-1853)

24. Kigeli IV Rwabugili (1853-1895)

25. Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa (1895 -1895) *Uyu yakorewe kudeta.

26. Yuhi V Musinga (1895-1931)

27. Mutara III Rudahigwa (1931-1959)

28. Kigeli V Ndahindurwa (1959-1960)

Muri iyi nkuru kandi, turagaruka ku bijyanye n’uko aba Perezida bayoboye u Rwanda nyuma y’irikwa ry’ingoma ya cyami, turebe uko bakurikiranye, uko bagiye bafata ubutegetsi, igihe bagiye babumaraho n’uko batanu ba mbere muri aba batandatu bagiye babuvaho.

1. Mbonyumutwa Dominique

Mbonyumutwa Dominique, ni we Perezida wayoboye u Rwanda mu gihe cy’igeragezwa rya Repubulika ryabaye mbere y’uko rubona ubwigenge, nyuma kandi y’irangira ry’ingoma ya cyami mu Rwanda. Mbonyumutwa yayoboye u Rwanda mu gihe cy’amezi icyenda gusa, kuva tariki 28 Mutarama kugeza tariki 26 Ukwakira 1961. Kuva ku butegetsi kwe, byatewe n’uko atabashije gutsinda amatora. Uyu Dominique Mbonyumutwa yari yaravutse mu 1921, nyuma yaje gutabaruka tariki 26 Nyakanga 1986 aguye mu Bubiligi, ashyingurwa mu cyahoze ari Gitarama ahari hubatse sitade yari yaramwitiriwe.

2. Kayibanda Grégoire

Kayibanda Grégoire, niwe Perezida wa kabiri u Rwanda rwagize, akaba ari nawe wa mbere waruyoboye kuva rwabona ubwigenge ndetse ninawe wa mbere wabaye Perezida habayeho amatora. Kayibanda yagiye ku butegetsi tariki 26 Ukwakira 1961 atsinze amatora ayobora manda ye ya mbere kugeza mu 1965 ubwo yongeraga kwiyamamaza ari we mukandida rukumbi ndetse anongera kwiyamamaza ari wenyine mu 1969, aho hose atsinda amatora.

Kayibanda yayoboye u Rwanda mu gihe cy’imyaka 12 kugeza tariki 4 Nyakanga 1973 ubwo yahirikwaga ku butegetsi na Juvénal Habyarimana wari inshuti ye magara akaba yari na Minisitiri w’ingabo icyo gihe. Yahise afungwa hamwe n’umugore we, maze baza gupfira mu nzu bari bafungiwemo ahitwa i Kavumu hafi ya Kabgayi, hari tariki 15 Ukuboza 1976.Bivugwa ko Habyarimana yabicishije inzara kugeza bashizemo umwuka. Kayibanda Grégoire yapfuye afite imyaka 52 kuko yari yaravutse tariki 01 Gicurasi 1924.

3. Habyarimana Juvénal

Juvénal Habyarimana wari umusirikare ku ipeti rya Général Major akaba yari na Minisitiri w’ingabo z’u Rwanda, yagiye ku butegetsi tariki 5 Nyakanga 1973 nyuma yo guhirika ubutegetsi bwa Kayibanda. Igitutu n’amashagaga bye, byatumye ahita abatizwa “Kinani”, rimwe na rimwe bakavuga “Kinani cyananiye abagome n’abagambanyi”.

Ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana ntibwavugirwagamo, ndetse amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu nayo yabaga mu buryo budasanzwe, ari we mukandida rukumbi. Nyuma yo gushinga ishyaka MRND ryari ryo shyaka rukumbi ryemewe mu gihugu, Juvénal Habyarimana yagiye akoresha icyari nk’ikinamico y’amatora, aho yiyamamazaga ntawe bahatana.

Amatora ya mbere yiyamamajemo wenyine ni aya tariki 24 Ukuboza 1978 aho byatangajwe ko yatowe ku kigero cya 98.99%, ayakurikiyeho yabaye tariki 19 Ukuboza 1983 nabwo bitangazwa ko yatsinze ku kigereranyo cya 99.97%, naho andi yabaye tariki 19 Ukuboza 1988 byatangajwe ko yayatsinze ku kigereranyo cya 99.98%.

Uyu yari yaravutse tariki 8 Werurwe 1937, akaba yarayoboye u Rwanda imyaka myinshi kurusha abandi bose bayoboye u Rwanda kugeza ubu, kuko yayoboye imyaka 21 ategekesha igutugu kugeza ubwo yiciwe mu ndege yahanuwe tariki 6 Mata 1994, ubutegetsi bwe buba butembagaye butyo.

4. Dr Sindikubwaho Théodore

Dr Sindikubwabo Théodore, niwe Perezida u Rwanda rwagize mu mateka waruyoboye igihe gito kandi mu gihe kibi cya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, byumvikana ko nta n’umusaruro muzima yabyaje intebe y’ubutegetsi bwe.

Sindikubwaho wari warigeze kuba Minisitiri w’ubuzima mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Kayibanda, yari yaraminuje mu by’ubuvuzi. Habyarimana amaze gufata ubutegetsi yahise ajya mu kazi k’ibyo yize by’ubuganga, akora mu bitaro bya CHK kugeza mu 1988 ubwo yasubiraga muri Politiki nk’umudepite mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda.

Nyuma y’iminsi ibiri indege ya Habyarimana Juvénal irashwe, Sindikubwabo wari ukuriye Inteko Ishinga Amategeko icyo gihe, yabaye Perezida kuva tariki 9 Mata 1994, mu cyari cyiswe Leta y’Abatabazi. Mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, Sindikubwabo azwiho kuba yaragiye ashishikariza abahutu kwica abatutsi ndetse agashimira cyane ababaga bakora ubwicanyi cyane.

Yahise ava ku butegetsi nyuma y’amezi atatu gusa, ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi zimaze kubohoza igihugu. Ingoma ye yarangiye tariki 19 Nyakanga 1994, ubwo yahungiraga mu cyahoze cyitwa Zaïre. Yaje gupfira muri iki gihugu gisigaye cyitwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, akaba yarapfuye mu mwaka w’1998. Yapfuye ari umukambwe w’imyaka 70 kuko yari yaravutse mu 1928.

5. Bizimungu Pasteur

Pasteur Bizimungu, niwe wahise ayobora u Rwanda nyuma y’ihagarikwa rya Jenoside, akaba yaricaye mu ntebe y’ubuyobozi tariki 19 Nyakanga 1994 ubwo yari afatanyije na Major General Paul Kagame wari Visi Perezida akaba ari nawe wari umugaba mukuru w’ingabo. Pasteur Bizimungu yayoboye u Rwanda mu gihe gikabakaba imyaka 6, kugeza ubwo yatangazaga ko yeguye ku bushake tariki 23 Werurwe 2000.

Hagati aho ariko akimara kwegura, Charles Ntakirutinka wabaye Minisitiri w’Ingufu, Imirimo ya Leta, no gutwara abantu n’Ibintu ; ndetse akaba yaranigeze kuba Minsitiri w’imibereho Myiza y’Abaturage mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Pasteur Bizimungu ndetse bakavira rimwe mu myanya y’ubuyobozi, muri 2001 bafatanyije n’abandi bantu batandatu bashinga ishyaka bise PDR-Ubuyanja (Parti Démocratique du Renouveau/ Democratic Party for Renewal Ubuyanja) mu gihe uyu Pasteur Bizimungu yahoze mu ishyaka rya FPR Inkotanyi ubwo yari Perezida.

Mu kwezi kwa Kane 2002, nibwo batawe muri yombi bazira ibyaha byo gukwirakwiza ibihuha mu baturage hagamijwe kubangisha ubuyobozi n’amategeko y’igihugu. Bashinjwaga kandi gukora inama rwihishwa ngo zari zigambiriye kubangamira umudendezo w’igihugu no guteza amacakubiri mu Banyarwanda.

Bahise bagezwa imbere y’urukiko, maze Pasteur Bizimungu akatirwa imyaka 15 y’igifungo ariko aza guhabwa imbabazi na Perezida wa Repubulika Paul Kagame kuwa 6 Mata 2007 ; mu gihe Charles Ntakirutinka we yakatiwe gufungwa imyaka icumi, iki gihano cye akaba yaranakirangije tariki 01 Werurwe 2012.

Uyu mugabo Pasteur Bizimungu w’imyaka 66 kugeza ubu, ninawe ukiri ku isi mu ba Perezida bose bigeze kuyobora u Rwanda mbere ya Perezida Paul Kagame uyobora kugeza ubu. N’ubwo akiriho ariko, kuba yarakatiwe byamwambuye uburenganzira bwo kongera kugaragara mu mirimo ya Politiki.

6. Paul Kagame

Perezida Paul Kagame wavutse tariki 23 Ukwakira 1957, niwe Perezida w’u Rwanda kugeza ubu, akaba amaze imyaka 20 ayobora Abanyarwanda. Ninawe Perezida rukumbi umaze gutorwa kenshi n’abaturage ahatanye n’abandi bakandida, kuko abandi bamubanjirije wasangaga biyamamaza ari bo bonyine.

Kuwa Gatandatu tariki 22 Mata 2000 ku isaha ya saa 11:45 za mu gitondo ku isaha y’i Kigali, kuri sitade nkuru y’u Rwanda ; sitade Amahoro i Remera, Paul Kagame wari visi Perezida w’u Rwanda icyo gihe, nibwo hatangajwe ko yagiye mu ntebe y’ubuyobozi nka Perezida wa Repubulika by’agateganyo, nyuma yo kwegura kwa Pasteur Bizimungu. Aha yari agiye kuyobora inzibacyuho nyuma yo gutorwa n’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko.

Tariki 25 Kanama 2003, Paul Kagame wari umaze imyaka itatu ari Perezida w’inzibacyuho, yatowe n’abaturage kuva ubwo yemererwa kuyobora manda ye ya mbere y’imyaka 7, yarangiye muri 2010. Tariki 9 Kanama 2010, Paul Kagame yatorewe manda ya kabiri yarangiye muri 2017, gusa nyuma y’ivugururwa ry’Itegeko Nshinga ku busabe bw’abaturage bamugaragarije ko bamukunda kandi bifuza ko yakomeza kubayobora indi myaka myinshi, ubu Paul Kagame yongeye gutorerwa kuyobora u Rwanda muri 2017 n’ubu akaba agikomeje.