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Mu myaka ya 1888 nibwo bivugwa ko filimi ya mbere yakinwe ikanafatwa mu buryo bw'amashusho, bivuze ko imyaka ibaye myinshi uruganda rwayo rutangiye kwiyubaka ku isi.

Benshi bagiye bazikina barapfuye ariko umwuga wo ntujya uhagarara. Muri abo harimo n'abakinnyikazi nkubayeho wa mbere Florence Lawrence wari warabonye izuba mu mwaka wa 1886.

Yari yaravukiye mu gihugu cya Canada, gusa  yaje kwitaba Imana aho yakoraga ibijyanye no gukina filimi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ari naho ashyinguye ku musozi wa Hollywood.

INYARWANDA ikaba yagerageje kubegeranyiriza bamwe mu bakinnyikazi bariho none, usanga barigaruriye imitima ya benshi atari ukubera gukina filimi gusa, ahubwo n'uburanga bwabo n'ibintu bicye wabamenyaho.

10. Megan Fox

Yiswe Megan Denise Fox, yabonye izuba kuwa 16 Gicurasi 1986. Yatangiye gukina filimi akiri muto uretse n'ibyo ari no mu banyamideli banakorana na kompanyi zikomeye nka Armani; nyuma yo kuyimurika kandi aranayitunganya aho afite iyo yagiye atunganya cyane yibanda ku myambaro y'imbere.

9. Jennifer Lawrence

Yiswe Jennifer Shrader Lawrence, yavutse kuwa 15 Kanama 1990 mu misozi ya Indiana muri Kentucky mu gihugu cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, yatangiye gukina filimi mu mwaka wa 2006.

Ari mu babashije kwegukana kimwe mu bihembo bikomeye mu ruganda rwa Cinema cya Oscar, icyo gihe byatewe ahanini na filimi yagaragayemo yitwa Silver Linings aho yakinnye nk'umugore ufite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe, nyamara wigarurira umutima w'umugabo.

8. Milan Kunis

Yiswe Milena Markovna Kunis, yavutse kuwa 14 Kanama 1983 mu gihugu cya Ukraine. Yinjiye mu gukina filimi mu mwaka wa 1994, maze yigarurira imitima ya benshi muri filimi zinyuranye cyane cyane ku musozi w'imyidagaduro wa Hollywood. Kuri ubu ari mu rukundo na Ashton Kutcher n'ubundi banakinanye muri filimi bakundana.

7. Natalie Portman

Yiswe Natalie Portman, yabonye izuba kuwa 09 Kamena 1981, afite inkomoko mu gihugu cya Israel n'ubwo ari umunyamerika. Uretse kuba ari umukinnyi wa filimi, aranazitunganya, yabyinjiyemo mu mwaka wa 1993.

Yamamaye muri filimi zirimo 'Star Wars' yanakunzwe cyane mu Rwanda, 'Black Swan', 'Closer' n'izindi. Afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza  yakuye muri Harvard, imwe muzambere ku isi.

6. Amber Heard

Yiswe Amber Laura Heard yabonye izuba kuwa 22 Mata 1986 muri Leta ya Texas, akina filimi guhera mu mwaka wa 2003, ni umwe mu banyamabara baba muri Hollywood, bijyanishije n'uko agenda akina muri filimi zinyuranye.

Yamamaye muri All the Boys Love Mandu Lane, Rum Diary nizindi zitandukanye.

5. Elisha Cuthbert

Yiswe Elisha Ann Cuthbert, yavutse kuwa 30 Ugushyingo 1982 mu gace ka Alberta mu gihugu cya Canada. Yinjiye mu bijyanye no gukina filimi ubwo yari afite imyaka ikabakaba 14, hari mu mwaka wa 1996.

Gusa yari yaranatangiye kumurika imideli akiri muto cyane ku myaka 7, aho yabaye icyamamare bikanatuma anatumirwa no muri White House. Yakinnye muri filimi zirimo nka Girl Next Door, yaje kugenda asohoka kenshi ku ntonde z'abakobwa b'uburanga.

4. Jessica Alba

Yiswe Jessica Alba, yaboneye izuba kuwa 28 Mata 1981 muri Leta ya California. Yatangiye gukina filimi mu mwaka wa 1992, yagiye ahabwa ibihembo bitandukanye ari nako avugisha benshi kubera uburanga bwe.

Yatangiye gukina filimi mu yitwa Dark Angel yaje noneho kwamamara cyane mu yitwa Die Fantastichen Vier, kuri ubu ntagikunda gukina cyane kuko yinjiye mu bushabitsi bwagutse ariko bufite aho buhiriye na cinema.

3. Emma Watson

Yiswe Emma Charlotte Duerre Watson, yabonye izuba kuwa 15 Mata 1990 mu gihugu cya France. Ni umukinnyi wa filimi uzwiho kuvugira rubanda kandi ni umunyamideli wabigize umwuga, yatangiye gukina filimi mu mwaka 1999.

Yakinnye muri filimi nyinshi zakunzwe zirimo Beauty&thebeast, Noah na Colonia Dignidad ariko iyo isi yose yamumenyeyemo ni Harry Poter. Ntakigaragara cyane muri filimi, kuko yagizwe ambasaderi w'uburenganzira bw'abari n'abategarugori muri UN .

2. Emma Stone

Yiswe Emily Jean Stone, yabonye izuba kuwa 06 Ugushyingo 1988 muri Arizona mu gihugu cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Ni umukinnyi wa filimi wabitangiye mu mwaka wa 2004.

Yagiye yegukana ibihembo  binyuranye birimo Oscar. Yakundanyeho na Spiderman banakinanye muri filimi, kuri ubu ari mu rukundo n'umwe mu batunganya filimi bagiye bahurira mu bice binyuranye bitunganyirizwamo filimi.

1. Scarlet Johanson

Yiswe Scarlett Ingrid Johanson, yabonye izuba kuwa 22 Ugushyingo 1984 muri Leta ya New York yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Afite ubwenegihugu bwa Denmark, ni umukinnyi wa filimi n'umuririmbyi, yinjiye mu ruganda rw'imyidagaduro mu mwaka wa 1994.

Yatangiye gukina filimi mu yitwa Lost in Translation, yagiye yigaragaza mu buryo butangaje kuburyo bamwe bamufata nk'isezerano ry'umusozi wa Hollywood. Yakinnye kandi mu zindi nyinshi zirimo nka Black Widow, Avengers, n'izindi.

Afite n'uburanga bukurura benshi guhera ku maso ye arebesha, buri umwe umubonye akabura umutuzo n'ibindi byinshi bijyanye n'imiterere ye.

 

Itangazo ryo kuwa kane nijoro ry’iyi banki rivuga ko iyo nyungu yavanywe kuri 4.5% ikagezwa kuri 5% “mu rwego rwo gukumira izamuka rikabije ry’ibiciro ku isoko” no gukomeza gushyigikira “izahuka ry’ubukungu”.

Umuhanga mu bukungu avuga ko icyemezo cy’iyi banki ari umwanzuro wo “kubungabunga ubukungu bw’igihugu” ariko ko ari “inkuru mbi ku muturage”.

Kuzamura iyi nyungu ni iki ?
Ubusanzwe inguzanyo z’amafaranga zitangwa mu buryo bubiri ; hari inguzanyo banki z’ubucuruzi zifata muri Banki nkuru y’igihugu cyangwa se hagati yazo ubwazo.

Banki z’ubucuruzi zihabwa amafaranga ariko zikayatangaho inyungu runaka, ariyo Banki y’u Rwanda yita ‘igipimo cy’inyungu fatizo’.

Banki y’ubucuruzi nayo iragenda ikagurisha ya mafaranga (iyatangamo inguzanyo) ishakamo inyungu yayo, kuko nayo iba yayaranguye igamije kunguka.

Banki nkuru ivuga ko igipimo cy’inyungu banki z’ubucuruzi zigurizanyaho hagati yazo kitahindutse kandi ko inguzanyo zihabwa abikorera bagana banki z’ubucuruzi zikomeje kwiyongera.

yi banki ivuga ko inyungu banki ubwazo zigurizanyaho mu 2021 yari 5.18% naho inyungu ku nguzanyo baha abaturage yari 16.18% mu 2020, kandi ko abasaba inguzanyo muri banki biyongereyeho 15% mu 2021.

Icyemezo cya BNR kivuze iki ku muturage ?

Umuhanga mu by’ubukungu Teddy Kaberuka avuga ko icyemezo gishya cya Banki nkuru cyo kuzamura inyungu fatizo itangiraho amafaranga yayo kigamije kubungabunga ubukungu ariko “ni inkuru mbi ku muturage”.

Yabwiye BBC ati : “Ni ukuva ngo igiciro cy’amafaranga kigiye kwiyongera. Niba banki yafashe amafaranga ihenzwe nayo iyacuruza ahenze.

“Iyo iyi nyungu fatizo yiyongereye haba ibintu bibiri ; icya mbere inyungu ku nguzayo muri banki iriyongera, ibyo bivuze ko abaza gufata inguzanyo muri banki bagabanuka kuko ikiguzi cy’inguzanyo cyiyongereye ni ukuvuga ngo ishoramari riragabanuka.

“Iyo ishoramari rigabanutse ni ukuvuga ngo imirimo ihangwa kw’isoko iraganuka.”

Hari abacuruzi bari kwikinga mu kiza bakuriza ibiciro
Rwanda : Ubukungu bwazamutse kuri 20%, umuturage ntarabibona
Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda ivuga ko ibiciro bicyeya aribyo byazamutse
Atanga urugero ko niba hari abantu 1000 bashakaga kujya gufata inguzanyo kuri banki, muri bo hari ababireka kuko inyungu bazasabwa ku mafaranga bashaka yiyongereye.

Yongeraho ati : “Icya kabiri ni uko ikigo cy’ubucuruzi gikorana na banki iyo gifashe inguzanyo ngo kijye kurangura ibiciruzwa kibizane gicuruze, iyo gifashe inguzanyo ihenze baragenda bakarangura ibicuruzwa ariko bajya kubigurisha bakazamura igiciro kuko babonye inguzanyo ibahenze.

“…bivuga ngo wa muturage wo hasi utanakorana na banki nawe bimugiraho ingaruka kuko ikiguzi ku isoko kirazamuka bitewe n’ikiguzi cyo kubona amafaranga muri banki.

“Iyo rero igipimo cy’inyungu fatizo cyiyongereye bigira ingaruka ku muntu wese, yaba ukoresha banki, yaba n’utayikoresha.”

Kuki banki ifata icyemezo nk’iki ?

Banki y’u Rwanda ivuga ko yazamuye igipimo cy’inyungu ku mafaranga “mu rwego rwo gukumira izamuka rikabije ry’ibiciro ku isoko, kandi n’izahuka ry’ubukungu rigakomeza gusigasirwa”.

Mu cyumweru cyashize, ikigo c’ibarurishamibare mu Rwanda cyatangaje ko ibiciro ku masoko yo mijyi byazamutse ku gipimo cya 4.3% hagati ya Mutarama(1) 2021 na Mutarama 2022.

Mu myaka micye ishize kugeza ubu abaturage mu gihugu bakomeje kwinubira izamuka ry’ibiciro ku bicuruzwa by’ibanze bakenera nk’ibiribwa n’ibitekeshwa.

Teddy Kaberuka avuga ko izamuka ry’ibiciro ku isoko mu gihugu no ku isoko mpuzamahanga “iyo urebye imbere ubona ko bizakomeza kuzamuka no muri ibi bihembwe bibiri biri imbere”.

Ati : “Abashinzwe politiki y’ifaranga bareba ibyo bipimo, nakwita bibi, by’ibiciro ku masoko mpuzamahanga no mu gihugu bakavuga bati ‘ukomeje politiki y’ifaranga yari iriho ushobora kugira ihungabana ry’ubukungu rishingiye ku mabanki kandi amabanki agira uruhare rukomeye mu kubungabunga politiki y’ifaranga.

“Niyo mpamvu bavuga bati ‘nubwo tuzi ko hari ingaruka bizagira ku biciro ku masoko, no ku bukungu tugomba kuzamura igiciro cy’inyungu fatizo kuko niwo mwanzuro uri hagati kugira ngo habungabungwe kudahungabana cyane k’ubukungu bw’igihugu.

“Ariko ibyo bifite ingaruka ku biciro bizaza no ku ishoramari.”

Umuvugizi wa Polisi mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba, SSP Hamdoun Twizeyimana, avuga ko Nsabimana Emmanuel wari utwaye umodoka ipakira imyaka yo mu bwoko bwa Dyna, yageze ku bapolisi bari mu muhanda ahitwa i Nyagatovu, bamubaza impamvu yacomoye akuma kagabanya umuvuduko, ahitamo kubaha ruswa ngo bamureke.

Ati “Bamuhagaritse bagenzura imodoka basanga yacomoye akuma kagabanya umuvuduko, babimweretse abasaba imbabazi avuga ko yabaha amafaranga bakamworohereza, ni ko kubaha 20,000Frw ngo bahita bamufata.”

SSP Twizeyimana agira inama abatwara ibinyabiziga, yo kubahiriza amategeko y’umuhanda bakirinda gucomora utugabanya muvuduko, kuko kabereyeho kubarinda impanuka.

Ikindi abibutsa ko serivisi Polisi itanga zitagurwa, ahubwo niba afite amakosa cyangwa ikinyabiziga atwaye aricyo kiyafite yishyura amande agenwa n’itegeko.

Ati “Igihe cyose ayatanze mu buryo budakurikije itegeko, iba ari ruswa kandi ihanwa n’amategeko. Abantu rero bakwiye kubyirinda.”

Nsabimana ubu afungiye kuri Sitasiyo y’Urwego rw’igihugu rushinzwe Ubugenzacyaha (RIB) ya Mukarange, mu gihe agitegereje kugezwa imbere y’urukiko.

Kuva umwaka wa 2022 watangira mu Karere ka Rubavu abantu batatu bamaze guhitanwa n’ibiza, Ubuyobozi buvuga ko uko imvura ikomeza kugwa hari ahatari mu manegeka hagenda haba amanegeka, n’umubare w’abagomba kwimuka na wo ukiyongera.

Ishimwe Pacifique, Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Rubavu wungirije ushinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage avuga bakomeje gusaba abatuye ahari Ibiza kwimuka.

Agira ati 'icya mbere ni ubukangurambaga, hari abantu batuye mu manegeka bari mu kaga ko gutakaza ubushobozi, nk’abatuye hafi y’umusozi wa Rubavu tubasaba kuba batawuhinga, banahinga bakagira ibyo bubahiriza nko gutera ibiti, guca imirwanyasuri barinda uriya musozi kugira ngo udakomeza guteza ibyago.'

Umusozi wa Rubavu kuva mu 2010 nibwo wimuweho imiryango 1200 yari iwutuyeho yimurirwa mu Murenge wa Rubavu na Cyanzarwe. Aho bari batuye hatewe imigano n’ibiti bitanga agahenge ku batuye Umujyi wa Gisenyi wari wugarijwe n’isuri yavaga ku musozi ikamanukira mu mujyi.

Nubwo abaturage bari bafite ubutaka ku musozi wa Rubavu babugumanye, basabwe kuhatera ibiti, ariko uko imyaka yagiye ihita bamwe bongeye kuhahinga, maze mu mvura yaguye mu mpera za Mutarama imanura ubutaka yangiriza abatuye umujyi wa Gisenyi.

Intege nke mu miturire mu mujyi wa Gisenyi na zo zatumye abaturage bamwe bava mu mujyi wa Gisenyi ku musozi wa Rubavu bajya kuwuturaho mu Murenge wa Rugerero aho bari kwibasirwa n’inkangu n’isuri biwukomokaho.

Umuyobowi w’Akarere wungirije ushinzwe imibereho y’abaturage, Ishimwe Pacifique, avuga ko basaba abaturage kwimuka ahari amanegeka.

Ati 'hari abegereye mu manegeka dusaba ko bahava, si ubwa mbere tubikoze, muri iki gihe cy’imvura ho abantu bagomba kumva ko ari ubuzima bwabo barimo gukiza, ariko nk’aba batuye ku buryo butemewe, tubasaba kwimuka bagatura ahemewe nk’uko igishushanyo mbonera kibiteganya. Uko ibiza byiyongera n’abatuye mu manegeka bariyongera kuko Rugerero ntiyari mu manegeka. '

Kuva mu mwaka wa 2017, mu Karere ka Rubavu habaruwe abantu 1450 batuye mu manegeka, aba bazwi ni bo bari bahanzwe amaso barindwa ko bakwibasirwa n’ibiza, ariko kubera imiturire ku musozi wa Rubavu igice cya Rugerero mu Kagari ka Gisa yasatiriye umusozi cyane, abahatuye na bo bigaragara ko bari mu manegeka.

Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Rubavu hakaba hari abo busaba kuhimuka mu gihe cy’imvura, bakaba bahagaruka nyuma, ubuyobozi bukaba butinya ko amazi n’inkangu bivuye ku musozi bishobora kubahitana.

Abo bombi bafashwe saa moya na 45 z’umugoroba zo ku wa Kane tariki 17 Gashyantare 2022, bafatirwa mu mudugudu wa Nyakagenge, Akagari ka Bibare mu Murenge wa Mimuli.

Umuvugizi wa Polisi mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba, SSP Hamdoun Twizeyimana, avuga ko ifatwa ryabo ryaturutse ku makuru bahawe n’abaturage, ko abo bombi bakora ubucuruzi bw’urumogi, bakoresheje Moto.

SSP Twizeyimana yasabye abaturage kureka ubucuruzi butemewe, bagashaka ibindi bakora byabateza imbere.

Ati “Turasaba abaturage kwirinda gukora ubucuruzi butemewe, bagashaka indi mirimo bakora yabateza imbere.”

Mukandinda na Nduwayo ubu bari mu maboko y’Urwego rw’igihugu rushinzwe Ubugenzacyaha (RIB), Sitasiyo ya Nyagatare, mu gihe hagikorwa iperereza.

Umukinnyi Iranzi Jean Claude avuga ko kuba yarirukanywe muri APR FC ari ibintu bibaho ndetse ko ubu nta n’ikibazo afitanye n’iyi kipe nubwo nta mukinnyi wifuza kwirukanwa ariko ngo siho ubuzima buba burangiriye.

Iranzi Jean Claude yari mu bakinnyi 16 birukanywe na APR FC muri 2019 kubera umusaruro utari mwiza, uyu mukinnyi nibwo yahise ajya muri Rayon Sports.

Mu kiganiro yagiranye n’ikinyamakuru ISIMBI, yavuze ko nta kibazo afitanye na APR FC kuko kwirukanwa ari ibintu bibaho.

Ati 'Njyewe ntabwo natandukanye na APR FC nabi kubera ko nta kibazo twagiranye, bansezereye nk’uko basezerera undi mukinnyi uwo ari we wese, njye nta kibazo na kimwe dufitanye.'

Yakomeje avuga nubwo nta mukinnyi wifuza kwirukanwa ariko na none iyo bibayeho ngo ntabwo ariho ubuzima buba burangiriye.

Ati 'Ntabwo ariko nabivuga kubera ko iyo uri mu ikipe ntabwo ari byiza ko bagusezerera, ntabwo ari byo wakwifuza nk’umukinnyi ariko mu gihe bibaye uba ugomba kubyakira kuko ntabwo ari ho ubuzima burangiriye, ushobora no kujya n’ahandi ukaba wakina.'

Iranzi Jean Claude yinjiye muri APR FC 2009 avuye muri Kiyovu Sports, batandukanye 2016 yerekeza ku mugabane w’u Burayi mu ikipe ya Topvar Topoľčany, 2017 akinira Zesco United yo muri Zambia, batandukanye muri 2018 agaruka muri APR FC batandukanye 2019 ari nabwo yajyaga muri Rayon Sports yaje kumutiza mu Misiri agaruka muri Rayon Sports umwaka ushize.