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Umunyeshuri wo muri Nigeria, Hachimou Abdou, byabaye ngombwa ko afata ubwato ava ku masomo ubwo amazi y'umugezi yatembaga muri Kaminuza mu murwa mukuru Niamey, umwe mu bantu bagera ku 760.000 bahuye n'umwuzure ukabije mu byumweru bishize mu bice bya Afurika y'iburengerazuba no hagati.

Imyizure ikunze kugaragara mu gihe cy'imvura, ariko mu myaka yashize imihindagurikire y'ikirere, iyangirika ry'ubutaka hamwe na gahunda mbi z'imijyi byatumye habaho ibiza kenshi kubera ko imijyi ikura vuba ituma habaho imvura nyinshi.

Burkina Faso, Cameroun, Tchad, Ghana, Niger, Mali, Nigeria, Repubulika ya Kongo na Senegale biri mu byibasiwe cyane muri uyu mwaka, hapfa abantu nibura 111, nk'uko imibare iheruka gutangwa n'ibiro by'Umuryango w'Abibumbye bishinzwe guhuza ibikorwa by'ubutabazi ( OCHA) ubigaragaraza.

Amazi ntaragabanuka mu bice bya Niamey, kuva imvura idasanzwe yagwa muri Kanama, yatumye imigezi irenga ku nkombe zayo, isenya amazu agera ku 32.000 na hegitari 5.768 z'ubutaka muri Nigeriya.

Abdou yagize ati: 'Ngomba kugera muri kaminuza mfashe ubwato cyangwa nkagenda mu mazi'.
Umyuzure hirya no hino muri Nigeriya kugeza ubu imaze kwibasira abantu bagera ku 333.000. Abantu barenga 188.000 bibasiwe nayo muri Tchad , OCHA iburira ko ibura ry'ibiribwa rishobora guterwa n'ubutaka bwangijwe n'imyuzure.

Umuyobozi wa OCHA muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba no hagati, Julie Belanger, yatangaje ko hateganijwe kugwa imvura nyinshi, cyane cyane muri Afurika yo hagati, ibintu avuga ko biteye ubwoba.

Ubushobozi bw'abaturage bwo guhangana n'ibiza, ibura ry'ibiribwa no kwimurwa kwinshi mu turere tumwe na tumwe. Abantu barenga miliyoni 25 bakeneye ubufasha bw'ikiremwamuntu mu gace ka Sahel karimo ihohoterwa, karimo Niger, Tchad na Mali.

Ati: 'Benshi muri abo baturage baba mu turere dukunze kwibasirwa n'umwuzure.'Belanger yagize ati:' Indwara zishobora gukwirakwira vuba imyuzure imaze gutuma amazi meza abura n'isuku iba nke.
Source: Reuters

Inkuru yanditswe na Venuste Habineza

Ibendera ni agace k'umwenda (akenshi kameze nk'urukiramende cyangwa impande enye) rufite igishushanyo n'amabara atandukanye. Rikoreshwa nk'ikimenyetso. Ijambo ibendera naryo rikoreshwa mu kwerekana igishushanyo mbonera cyakoreshejwe, kandi amabendera yahindutse igikoresho rusange cyo gutangaza ibimenyetso no kumenyekanisha, cyane cyane mubidukikije aho itumanaho ritoroshye (nk'ibidukikije byo mu nyanja, aho semaphore ikoreshwa). Ubushakashatsi bwibendera buzwi nka 'vexillology' bisobanura 'ibendera' cyangwa 'banneri'.

Ibendera ry'igihugu ni ibimenyetso byo gukunda igihugu hamwe n'ibisobanuro bitandukanye bikunze kuba birimo amashyirahamwe akomeye ya gisirikare akunze gukoreshwa kubw'intego. Ibendera rikoreshwa kandi mu butumwa, kwamamaza, cyangwa mu bikorwa byo gushushanya.
Imitwe imwe ya gisirikare yitwa 'ibendera' nyuma yo gukoresha amabendera. Ibendera rihwanye na burigade mu bihugu by'Abarabu.

Inkomoko y'ibendera ntizwi neza. Mu bihe bya kera, ibimenyetso byo mu murima cyangwa ibipimo byakoreshwaga mu ntambara byashoboraga gushyirwa mu byiciro. Ibyo byatangiriye mu Misiri ya kera cyangwa Ashuri. Ingero zirimo urugero rw'intambara ya Sassanid Derafsh Kaviani, hamwe n'ibipimo by'ingabo z'Abaroma nka kagoma ya Legio ya X ya Augustus Sezari, cyangwa igipimo cy'ikiyoka cy'Abasamariya.

Ibendera nkuko bizwi muri iki gihe, rikozwe mu mwenda ugereranya ikintu runaka, byavumbuwe ku mugabane w'Ubuhinde cyangwa ku ngoma ya Zhou yo mu Bushinwa (1046-256 BC). Ibendera ry'Ubushinwa ryerekanaga inyamaswa zifite amabara n'amabendera ya cyami byagombaga gufatwa nk'icyubahiro nk'icyo cyitiriwe umutegetsi.

Ibendera ry'Ubuhinde akenshi wasangaga ari inyabutatu kandi irimbishijwe imigereka nk'umurizo wa yak ndetse n'umutaka wa leta. Iyi mikoreshereze yakwirakwiriye no mu majyepfo ya Aziya, kandi yoherezwa mu Burayi binyuze mu bihugu by'abayisilamu aho amabendera y'amabara agaragara yakoreshwaga kubera inyandiko za kisilamu.

Mu Burayi, amabendera yaje gukoreshwa cyane cyane nk'igikoresho cyo gutangaza amakuru ku rugamba, bituma byoroha kumenya umutware w'intwari kuruta kuva mu gikoresho cyamamaza.
Guhera mu ntangiriro y'ikinyejana cya 17, byari bimenyerewe ko bigenwa n'amategeko kugirango amato atware ibendera ryerekana ubwenegihugu bw'igihugu. Amabendera nayo yabaye uburyo bwitumanaho bwatoranijwe mu kinyanja, bivamo sisitemu zitandukanye zerekana ibimenyetso.

Gukoresha amabendera hanze y'igisirikare cyangwa mu mazi bitangirana gusa no kuzamuka kw'imyumvire yo gukunda igihugu mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 18, nubwo amabendera amwe n'amwe yatangiye kera. Ibendera ry'ibihugu nka Otirishiya, Danemark cyangwa Turukiya byagaragaye hagati y'imigani mu gihe ibindi byinshi, birimo ibya Polonye n'Ubusuwisi, byakuze mu bimenyetso biranga abanyamakuru.

Ikinyejana cya 17 havutse amabendera y'ibihugu menshi binyuze mu rugamba rwo guharanira impinduramatwara. Kimwe muri ibyo byari ibendera ry'Ubuholandi, ryagaragaye mu myaka 80 y'Abadage bigometse mu 1568 barwanya ubutegetsi bwa Esipanye.
Impinduka za politiki n'ivugurura ry'imibereho, zifatanije n'ubwiyongere bw'ubwenegihugu mu baturage basanzwe, byatumye havuka ibihugu bishya n'ibendera ku isi hose mu kinyejana cya 19 na 20.

Inkuru yanditswe na Venuste Habineza

Nyandwi Alice, umubyeyi wo mu karere ka Gisagara, Umurenge wa Gikonko, Intara y'Amajyepfo avuga ko kuri ubu abayeho nabi nyuma yo kurihira umugabo we Kaminuza yayirangiza akavuga ko bataberanye batakiri ku rwego rumwe.

Alice yashakanye na Nyamabumba Venant mu mwaka w'I 1994 nkuko impapuro z'irangamimerere zibigaragaza bakaba barabyaranye abana umunani(8) ariko umwe aza kwitaba Imana, uyu Mugore avuga ko nyuma yo kubana na Venant bagasezerana ivanga mutungo byaje kuba bibi cyane mu mibanire yabo nyuma y'uko avuye kwiga kaminuza bikaza kurangira amubwiye ko bataberanye, bagomba kugabana imitungo yabo.

Nyandwi Alice, avuga ko umugabo we bashakanye yarize Amashuri atandatu abanza, usibye igare yashakanye uwo Mugore ngo ntakindi kintu yarafite doreko avuga ko bashakaniye mu gihugu cy'Uburundi.

Nyuma yo kugaruka mu Rwanda Nyamabumba Venant yiyeguriye itorero biza kurangira agiriwe icyizere cyo kujya kwigira ubu Pasiteri, nyuma yo kuvayo yagaragaje ingeso mbi bituma itorero rimuhagarika afata umwanzuro wo kujya kwiga Kaminuza muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, aho yagiye Umugore we ariwe umurihira amashuri.

Nkuko bitangazwa na Nyandwi Alice, avuga ko nyuma yo kugaruka avuye kwiga Umugabo we yamubwiye ko bataberanye ndetse badakwiye no kubana nk'umugabo n'umugore amubwira ko bagomba kugabana imitungo yose bakaka gatanya.

Ikibazo cyaje gukomera ubwo uyu Mugabo yafataga umwanzuro wo kujya mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba aho yaje gushaka undi mugore wa kabiri mu buryo butanyuze mu mategeko, gusa Umugore akomeza kwita ku bana batandatu yarasigaranye kuko umukuru muribo yari yaramaze gushaka Umugore.

Alice yaganiriye n' INTYOZA dukesha iyi nkuru, maze  avuga ko nubwo yikokoye akarihira Umugabo we amashuri kugeza muri Kaminuza aho yarangije muby'ubuganga nta Mwana wabo wigeze arangiza n'ayisumbuye kuko uwize amashuri menshi yagarukiye mu wa gatatu w'amashuri y'Isumbuye.

 

Ikibazo cyabo nyuma yo gufata indi ntera, Umugabo yahisemo kwitabaza inkiko ngo babahe gatanya ariko biza kurangira Umugore avuze ko atakwemera gatanya mu gihe amafaranga Umugabo yigiyeho ari ayo yagujije Banki mu izina rye kugirango Umugabo yige.

Yagize Ati: 'Reba yanze kwishyura umwenda umaze kugera kuri milliyoni icyenda na maganane na mirongo itandatu na birindwi n'amafaranga atatu (9,460,003Frws) kandi arashaka ubutane ngo nishyure njyenyine, arashaka ko tugabanamo kabiri ngo ibyange bibe aribyo bitangwa kandi umwenda wafashwe mwishyurira Kaminuza'.

Usibye kuba uyu Mugabo yarataye uwo bashakanye ngo biragoye kubona umwana we ashobora kugira icyo akura mu mirima yabo kuko iyo hagize nubigerageza yenda kumwica aho yafashe umwana we avuye gutema igitoki akimwikoreza ku mutwe amuzengurutsa muga santere akikoreye.

Umunyabanga Nshingwabikorwa w'Umurenge wa Gikonko Murenzi Augustin, avuga ko ikibazo cy'uyu Muryango akizi ndetse Ubuyobozi bwashatse kumvikanisha impande zombi ariko bikananira.

Yagize Ati:'Nibyo koko ikibazo cyabo bombi ndakizi ariko habayemo kudahuza ku mpande zombi aho Umugore ashinja Umugabo ku mwanga nyuma yo kumurihira ishuri avuga ko bataberanye, ariko Umugabo nawe akamushinja ko ari umunyamahane amuhoza ku nkenke'.

Usibye kuba ibibazo byabo byarajyanwe no mu nteko z'Abaturage, uyu muyobozi akomeza avuga ko ikibazo cyabo cyageze no mu nkiko bashobora kuba baranabatandukanije ariko imyanzuro y'urubanza itarasahoka.

Umugabo yahise afata icyemezo cyo gutandukana n'umugore nyuma yo gutahura ko itiyo itwara umwanda wo mu bwiherero bw'iwe mu rugo yazibye kubera udukingirizo dusaga 80 kuko hari n'utwo bavuga ko batabashije kubona twose twakoreshejwe tukajugunywamo.

Ni mu gihugu cya Nijeriya , amakuru yamenyekanye kubera umwana w'umusore watakambiraga nyirarume ngo ye gusenda uyu mugore nyuma yo gufatwa n'uburakari ubwo umukozi ukora mu by'amazi atahuye ko itiyo itwara umwanda yazibye, agakuramo udukingirizo dusaga 80 twakoreshejwe tukaba ari two twatumaga ubwiherero bwe bwo munzu budakora.

Uyu musore yatangarije ikinyamakuru Nairaland, ko urugo rwa nyirarume rwari rumaze imyaka ibiri, ruri busenyuke kubera ko yababaye cyane.

Akavuga ko nyirarume yatunguwe bikamubabaza cyane kuko kenshi aba yagiye mu ngendo kandi inshuro zose we nta n'imwe yigeze akoresha gakingirizo ku mugore we.

Ibi bijya kuba Aba bombi bizihizaga isabukuru y'imyaka ibiri bashanye kandi bari bafitanye umwana umwe w'umukobwa.