Polisi yo muri leta ya Florida, yatangaje ko yamaze guta muri yombi umugabo witwa Timothy Williams w'imyaka 56, ukurikiranyweho icyaha cyo gufata ku ngufu no kwica Wendy Jerome wari ufite imyaka 14 ubwo yicirwaga mu mujyi wa New York.
Category: Uncategorized
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Ntibisanzwe: Yiciye ikiganza agamije kubona amafaranga y'ubwishingizi #rwanda #RwOT
Urukiko rwo muri Slovenia rwamaze gukatira Julija Adlesic, umugore w'imyaka 22 wo muri icyo gihugu, igihano cy'imyaka ibiri y'igifungo, nyuma yo gusanga yarabeshye ibigo bitanga ubwishingizi ku mpanuka yakoze, akavuga ko yacitse ikiganza ari mu kazi kandi ari we wacyiciye ku bushake. -
Rwanda National Police Donates Bull To Nyamagabe Residents #rwanda #RwOT
Rwanda National Police (RNP) has donated a bull to the village of Sebukiniro in Rugwogwe Cell, Uwinkingi Sector of Nyamagabe District to help the local farmers increase hybrid cows, improve breeds and raise milk production.
The bull pledged by RNP to Sebukiniro village last month was officially handed over on Saturday, September 12, by the Southern Regional Police Commander (RPC) Chief Superintendent of Police (CSP) Innocent Rutagarama Kanyamihigo alongside the mayor of Nyamagabe Bonaventure Uwamahoro.
During the same event, four families were also given varied livestock including a cow, goats and sheep. The beneficiaries are those whose livestock were either killed or taken by assailants when they attacked the village in April last year. They include one Ntirandekura Ntakirende, who was shot and injured by the attackers, who also killed his cow.
Ntirandekura was given a cow with its calf. During the social event, 227 households were also given combined eight tonnes of foodstuff including rice, beans, cooking oil, maize flour and salt. Sebukiniro Village chief, Edouard Nzeyimana, said that families with cows in the village were moving about 8kms to get a bull.
'We have 84 cows in our village that were given to residents under Gir'inka (one cow per household programme) and 90 others owned by families, but all these were facing the same problem,' Nzeyimana said.
He added: 'Our village is somehow isolated by Nyungwe Forest-National Park and the only bull we had in the whole village was not a good breed, so residents turned to move long distances of over 8kms in search of good breeds to increase milk production, and had to pay not less than Rwf5,000 per cow.
The long distances are now over, our prayers have been answered; our Police has given us the hybrid bull and built its kraal. We thank President Paul Kagame for such good leadership where our security organs go beyond their mandate to also support community development.'
The mayor of Nyamagabe Bonaventure Uwamahoro thanked the residents of Sebukiniro for their 'strong spirit of patriotism, community policing and bravery' despite last year's attack. At the time of the attack, residents managed to apprehend one of the assailants.
'The attack did not break your spirit; it made you strong to fight for your country, and the government is always with you, that's why we are here today as always,' Mayor Uwamahoro said. The RPC, CSP Kanyamihigo embarked on the impact of human security and community development in community policing and fighting lawlessness.
'You have displayed a strong community policing spirit in fighting criminality, and we commend that. This bull and other livestock that you have been given today is an indication that there can not be security without the wellbeing of the people. Preserving security is a day-to-day and continuous process, and a generational inheritance,' CSP Kanyamihigo said.
Supporting community development in Nyamagabe. Human security and supporting community development is one of the aspects through which RNP engages and strengthens partnership with the people in fighting and preventing crimes. Thus, in that human security aspect, RNP lit 178 households with the solar power system in two villages of Cyabute and Marambo, both in Nyamagabe district.The lit houses in Nyamagabe are among the over 10,000 households located far from the national grid that RNP connected with solar energy across the country in the last three years. Also in Nyamagabe, Police constructed a health centre in Mugano Sector in 2017, and house for a disadvantaged woman, last year, in Gasharu Village, Nyabivumu Cell in Gasaka Sector. The house as well as the health centre were also lit with solar energy.
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Benz yatwaraga Perezida Habyarimana yakuwe i Kigali igurishwa agatubutse mu Budage #rwanda #RwOT
Perezida Juvenal Habyarimana, ni umwe mu bayobozi batunze imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Mercedes Benz 300 SEL yari igezweho mu myaka y’1990, we akaba yarayitunze igisohoka mu ruganda kuko yakozwe mu 1991. Imodoka y’uwari Umukuru w’Igihugu cy’u Rwanda n’ubwo yari yakozwe ifite izindi bimeze kimwe, yari ifite umwihariko nk’iyagenewe umunyacyubahiro, ndetse mu Budage byari bizwi binanditse ko iyo modoka izajya itwara Perezida w’igihugu u Budage bwategetse igihe gito butarasimburwa n’abakoloni b’Ababiligi.
Iyi modoka ye yari ifite imiryango ine, ndetse moteri yayo igakurura amapine y’imbere n’ay’inyuma icya rimwe. (Four wheel drive, 4WD). Ni imodoka yapimaga ibilo 1890 nta mushoferi urimo, ikagira ubushobozi bwo kugendera ku muvuduko wo hejuru w’ibilometero 225 ku isaha. Ubu bwoko bwabaga bufite uburebure bwa metero 5.2 n’ubugari bwa metero 1.8.
REBA VIDEO ISOBANURA NEZA IBY’IYI MODOKA HANO :
Iyi modoka yatwaraga Perezida w’u Rwanda ifite ibirango by’imodoka itwara Umukuru w’igihugu, yaje kugurwa mu cyamunara maze ihabwa ibirango by’imodoka isanzwe, yambikwa RAB 777 B. N’ubwo bishoboka ko iyi modoka yaciye mu maboko ya benshi, uyiheruka vuba ni uwitwa Rebero Anaclet, uyu akaba ari umugabo uyuye ahitwa Sahara mu murenge wa Kimihurura munsi y’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda.
Ikinyamakuru Ukwezi giheruka gusura uyu Rebero Anaclet, adutangariza ko agura imodoka atari abizi ko yahoze ari iya Perezida Habyarimana ariko aho yabimenyeye ngo byaramutangaje. Yayiguze amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni zirindwi, ariko iza gukora impanuka yangirika akuma kitwa Bosch bimusaba kugatumiza mu ruganda mu Budage ariko hashize igihe atarakabona, imodoka imara igihe iparitse ku muhanda aho muri Sahara.
Ikinyamakuru Ukwezi cyagiye gusura Rebera Anaclet cyaramenye amakuru y’uko iyi modoka itakibarizwa ku butaka bw’u Rwanda, kuko hari amakuru yatugezeho yashimangiraga ko umunyamahanga wamenye ibyayo yashatse uko yayigeza mu Budage bakamuha akayabo n’ubwo tukamenye neza ingano yayo.
Rebero Anaclet bamubeshye ko imodoka ye bagiye bagiye kuyisenyera mu yindi birangira bayigurishije agatubutse mu Budage
Rebero Anaclet nawe yaduhamirije aya makuru, avuga ko imodoka ye yayiguze n’umugabo w’umukire wo muri Sudan amubwira ko ashaka kuyibagira mu yindi nkayo afite (Gukuramo ibyuma akeneye akabishyira ku ye) ariko ngo nyuma yaje kumenya ko yamubeshyaga kuko yayurije indege akayijyana ku ruganda mu Budage.
Ubusanzwe inganda nyinshi zikora imodoka hirya no hino ku isi, ziha agaciro cyane imodoka zo ha mbere ziba zarashaje ariko zikigaragaza umurage n’umwihariko wazo ku gihe cyazo. By’umwihariko iyo modoka yo, yari imari ishyushye kuko yaguzwe igenewe Perezida w’u Rwanda, uwaduhaye amakuru akaba yarashimangiye ko uwajyanye iyo modoka mu Budage yaba yarahawe amafaranga menshi ashobora no kugera kuri miliyoni mirongo itanu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda.
REBA VIDEO ISOBANURA NEZA IBY’IYI MODOKA HANO :
PHOTOS : IGIHE
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Basketball igiye kubimburira indi mikino mu Rwanda gufungurwa #rwanda #RwOT
Nyuma y’amezi arenga 6 mu Rwanda imikino yarahagaze kubera CIVID-19, ishyirahamwe ry’umukino wa Basketball 'FERWABA’ ryamaze kwemeza ko shampiyona igiye kugaruka aho imyitozo itangira muri uku kwezi, shampiyona ikazakomeza mu kwezi gutaha abakinnyi baba hamwe.
Ibi ni bimwe mu byavuye mu nama y’inteko rusange idasanzwe ya FERWABA yabaye kuri uyu wa Gatandatu yahuje abanyamuryango b’iri shyirahamwe hifashishijwe uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga mu rwego rwo kwirinda COVID-19.
Muri iyi nteko rusange bemeje ko shampiyona izasubukurwa tariki ya 18 Ukwakira 2020 ni mu gihe imyitozo izatangira tariki ya 26 Nzeri 2020.
Hemejwe ko Shampiyona ya 2019/20 ihagararira aho yari igeze noneho uburyo amakipe akurikirana bikagenwa hagendewe ku manota ikipe yari ifite, akagabanywa n’imikino yari imaze gukina.
Hemejwe ko kandi amakipe umunani ya mbere mu bagabo azagabanywa mu matsinda abiri; amakipe abiri ya mbere azatandukanywa, andi hazabanza kuba tombora mu gihe mu bagore ho, amakipe ane ya mbere azahita akina ½.
Uyu mwaka nta play-offs zizakinwa, ahubwo hazaba imikino ya ½ n’iya nyuma muri buri cyiciro, hakinwa umukino umwe gusa.
Mu bagabo muri buri tsinda amakipe azahura hagati yayo maze 2 ya mbere agere muri ½ yishakemo agera ku mukino wa nyuma. Mu bagore aya makipe uko ari 4 azahura hagati yayo maze uko akurikirana ni byo bizagena uko ahura muri ¼, iya mbere ihure n’iya 4, iya 2 ihure n’iya 3.
Ku wa 16 Ukwakira, abakinnyi bose, abandi bo muri buri kipe n’abasifuzi, bose bazajya hamwe mu mwiherero bapimwe icyorezo cya Coronavirus.
Hagati ya tariki ya 18 n’iya 20 Ukwakira 2020 nibwo hazaba imikino y’amatsinda mu gihe ku wa 22 Ukwakira hazakinwa imikino ya ½ naho umukino wa nyuma ube ku wa 24 Ukwakira.
Amakipe 8 ya mbere mu bagabo
1. REG BBC
2. APR BBC
3. Patriots
4. Espoir BBC
5. RP IPRC Kigali
6. RP IPRC Huye
7. UGB
8. RP IPRC MusanzeAmakipe 4 ya mbere mu bagore
1. RP IPRC Huye
2. THE Hoops
3. Ubumwe BBC
4. APR BBC
Shampiyona ya Basketball igiye kugaruka -
Battle Begins: Uganda Police Issues Criminal Summons To RNC Terror Agents #rwanda #RwOT
Sula Nuwamanya, Prossy Boonabana and Thomas Sankara, all members of Rwanda National Congress-a notorious terrorist organization have been summoned by Uganda's Criminal Investigations Department (CID).
'You are required to report to Central Police Station Kampala on September 14,' reads part of the summons seen by Taarifa.
According to the criminal summons, the case file is registered as CASE REF: CRB 648/2020. 'This office is investigating alleged theft of office documents,' the summons indicates as signed on September 9 by the Divisional CID Officer Kampala.
In March specifically on 27th day, Prossy Boonabana while escorted with a Police commando is said to have stormed an office of a Ugandan business Henry Mugisha put him at gun point and ransacked the drawers and took all financial documents and cash worth U$2500.
According to Kigenyi-Opira & Co advocates representing Mugisha Henry, while submitting to court in July 10, an intention to sue Boonabana, Nuwamanya and Chebet Godfrey (the body guard assigned to Boonabana) they indicated the genesis of this theft matter.
'It is within your knowledge that all of you have been business partners with our client trading under the name and style of Lloyd Company Ltd' wherein shareholders and directors as well,' Mugisha's lawyers said in their 'Demand Notice Cum Notice of Intention to sue'.
'Boonabana and Nuwamanya on the 23rd March 2020 while in the company meeting, our client demanded accountability from you for money amounting to U$35,000. The records bearing the signature of Boonabana were shown to you and you presented fake accountability which sparked a disagreement between you and our client,' said Kigenyi-Opira & Co advocates.
Taarifa discovered that after this rough meeting, Nuwamanya, Boonabana and the body guard armed with an AK47 returned to this office and placed Mugisha at gun point and took company books of account and stole money and left Mugisha in a very traumatised. But he later reported the matter to Central Police Station Kampala vide SD REF 23/27/03/20.
According to deeper details, upon learning that what they did was illegal, Nuwamanya, Boonabana and her body guard a police officer number 38541 Chebet Godfrey started threatening Mugisha that if he does not abandon his claims, for accountability, they were going to report him to security authorities that he is a Rwandan spy engaging himself in espionage and spying activities against Uganda.
The threats did not stop, the trio hatched another plan with security operatives- they kidnapped Mugisha and detained him with an objective to deport him to Rwanda but it was impossible since security agents searched his home and found he was not in possession of any Rwandan documents as framed by his tormentors. Mugisha secured his release after 9 days in dreadful detention conditions- he was only saved by the fact that he is Uganda and not a Rwandan as fabricated by the trio.
In the twist of events, Mugisha has set a precedence where a person formerly accused and detained on such serious allegations actually drags his tormentors to court and manages to maneuver through the same process that had swallowed him.
According to Mugisha's lawyers, 'the malicious accusations which led to his illegal arrest and detention have occasioned him actual loss for which we are instructed to demand as follows;Â pay our client U$45,000 as income he lost for the days he was illegally deprived and detained for 36 days he spent without a trade tool (laptop).'
Another demand includes; U$270000 as general damages for injury made to his reputation, phycological redress to trauma arising from wrongful, false, illegal and stressful imprisonment.
Mugisha also demands a public apology through all media platforms and legal fees worth U$10000.
For the past six months, Taarifa has been investigating the Kampala based RNC terror cell which has been responsible for the massive torment, extortion and suffering of Rwandans in Uganda- most of whom are framed as spies of Rwanda while others are threatened with arrest in case they do not finance the terror cell.
Boonabana and her co accused are also battling other civil cases. Taarifa Will continue bringing you all the details of this developing story.
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Jean Lambert Gatare yasobanuye iby’inkuru yakoze kuri Rusesabagina bikitwa ivanguramoko – VIDEO #rwanda #RwOT
Nyuma y’inkuru Jean Lambert Gatare yakoze, abantu batandukanye ku mbuga nkoranyambaga bagiye bamutuka abandi bakamugaya bavuga ko arimo kubiba amacakubiri ashingiye ku moko, nyamara uyu munyamakuru ahubwo ashimangira ko arwanya ivangura yivuye inyuma kuko azi aho ryamugejeje kimwe n’abandi banyarwanda bagenzi be benshi. Yabwiye ikinyamakuru Ukwezi ko bamwibeshyeho cyane.
REBA VIDEO Y’IKIGANIRO TWAGIRANYE HANO :
Mu nkuru yatambutse mu cyumweru gishize, Jean Lambert Gatare yabwiraga umuhungu wa Paul Rusesabagina ati : “Reka rero nkubwire Rusesabagina muto, dore uracyakura uramenye ntuzabe nka Rusesabagina gito, urugero rwa so rukweretse ko ubuhemu budahera ahubwo burangira nabi. Irindi kugwingira mu mutwe rero no kugwira inda nka so, ugendere kure umugambi wo kumena amaraso ya bene Kanyarwanda kuko burya arasama. Uhumure kandi ntawuzakugayira kwanga umubyeyi gito. Nako numvise na nyoko Thanienne yaradutse mu bitutsi, wagorwa wagorwa wa mwana we”
Muri iyo nkuru kandi abantu batinze ku hantu Jean Lambert Gatare yavuze ko umugore wa Paul Rusesabagina avuka mu bantu, bamwe bakavuga ko yaba yarashakaga kuvuga ko umugore we avuka mu bwoko runaka, ibintu Jean Lambert ahakana yivuye inyuma.
Yagize ati : Niba naravuze ngo kanaka avuka mu bantu, ubumuntu ntabwo bugirwa n’ubwoko runaka… Ubuse muri uyu muryango nyarwanda twakwirengagiza ko hari abantu biyambuye ubumuntu ? Ntibahari se ? Ubuse iyo tuvuze ko kanaka ari imfura, byanze bikunze tuba tuvuze ko ari umututsi cyangwa ari umuhutu ?…Nashakaga kuvuga ko umugore wa Rusesabagina, iwabo ndabazi, ndahazi aho avuka, yewe na Rusesabagina aho avuka ndahazi, kuvuga rero ko umugore wa Rusesabagina avuka mu bantu, ni uko nzi neza ko bagezweho n’ingaruka n’amateka yabaye mu Rwanda. Ni abantu udashobora gusanga barijanditse mu mahano yabaye mu gihugu cyacu, ni abantu basazanye ubumuntu, ni icyo nashakaga kuvuga.”
Jean Lambert Gatare kandi muri iki kiganiro twagiranye yasobanuye uko yakiriye ibitutsi bya bamwe mu banenze imvugo yakoresheje, anasobanura uko yumva abantu bakwiye kujya bumva ibintu. Yanavuze kandi uburyo we n’ikinyamakuru akorera bafite umurongo wo guhangana n’abantu bafite imyitwarire irimo gupfobya n’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.
REBA VIDEO Y’IKIGANIRO TWAGIRANYE HANO :
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Urwenya : Seka utembagare hamwe na Joriji Baneti #rwanda #RwOT
2. Umujura yinjiye mu nzu ninjoro yiba ibintu bitandukanye, amaze kubitunda, afungura umuryango yumva ijwi inyuma rya Joriji rivuga gahoro cyane ngo : “Wambabariye ugatwara n’iyi bulletin (indangamanota)” ababyeyi banjye ntibazamenye ko nabaye uwanyuma koko”.
3. Umugabo witwa Joriji yasambanyaga umukozi we wo mu rugo, noneho rimwe baryamanye araryoherwa cyane abwira wa mukozi ati “Sha uzi ko uryoshye kurusha nyokobuja !?”
Umukozi nawe n’amasonisoni yiryagagura, abwira Joriji ati : “Nibyo boss kuko n’umuzamu wawe ajya abimbwira ko ndyoshye kurusha mabuja.”
4. Joriji n’umukunzi we biteguraga kurushinga, ni uko basohokera ahantu barya agasake nyuma Joriji ati ko nubundi twamaze kwemeranywa kubana wampaye ko uwo uzaheka utamwicisha urume !?
Umukobwa ati nta kibazo, bajya gukodesha icyumba basanga byose byafashwe hasigaye 10 na 11 gusa. Joriji aba afashe 10, nuko umukobwa ati ese baguhaye ikihe cyumba ? Joriji nawe ati bampaye mu cyumba cya No 10 ! Umukobwa ati oya oya oya rwose hariya muri 10 kimwe no muri 11 habamo ibitanda bibi cyane kandi ntabwo hari umwuka mwiza ntitwabasha gukora ibyacu neza, ahantu nkunda kubona ari sawa cyane hisanzuye ni mu byumba bya 7,3,8,6,2 n’ahandi….cyangwa muri 5, 1 na 4 kuko byo bifite n’ibitanda byiza bidasakuza. Ibaze aho uwo mukobwa yamenyeye ibyo bitanda…
5. Joriji n’umugore we bari bagurishije ikawa, ni uko abajura barabatera ninjoro bati “nimuduhe ayo mufite yose cyangwa tubatere amaraso arimo SIDA”. Joriji ati “nimumpe iminota ibiri njye hanze mbitekerezeho”.
Ni uko yikoza hanze, agarutse arababwira ati “nimuntere ayo maraso nta mafaranga mwabona.” Barayamutera barigendera. Umugore asigara arira amubaza impamvu atabahaye amafaranga akemera ko bamutera amaraso arimo SIDA, Joriji ati “humura nari nambaye agakingirizo SIDA ntiyamfata muganga yanyibwiriye ko ukambaye ntaho yamenera”
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Indyo umugore utwite akwiye kurya kugira ngo umwana uri mu nda agire ubuzima bwiza #rwanda #RwOT
Umugore utwite ahorana imbaraga nke kuko ibyo arya bitunga umubiri we n’uw’umwana umuri munda, ni ngombwa ko umugore utwite yita ku mirire ye kugira ngo ahaze umwana mu mavitamini akeneye amufasha kubaho neza kuva ku munsi wa mbere agisamwa kugeza avutse.
Mu mafunguro umubyeyi agomba kwibandaho hagomba kuba higanjemo ibirinda indwara kugira ngo hatagira ikibazo na kimwe cy’uburwayi ashobora guhura nacyo kuko iyo arwaye ubuzima bw’umwana we uri mu nda burahangirikira akaba ashobora no kuvukana ibibazo by’ubuzima cyangwa akavuka atuzuye.
Umugore utwite agomba kurya amafunguro arimo intungamubiri zihagije kandi akabikora buri munsi. Kugira ngo umwana akure neza igihe akiri mu nda, umubyeyi agomba kurya amafunguro akungahaye kuri Vitamin B12 kugirango imiyoboro y’amaraso (red blood cells) ibashe kwirema, akabona amafunguro arimo Vitamin C, Vitamin D kugirango habeho gukorwa kw’amagufwa ndetse n’amafunguro abonekamo zinc kugira ngo ubwonko bw’umwana bukure.
Umugore utwite agomba kurya amafunguro akize ku ntungamubiri (PROTINI)
Twifashishije ubushakashatsi bwakorewe muri Kminuza ya Harvad muri Amerika, mu gice cya Havard Medical School, umugore utwite agomba kurya:
1. Ifi
Umugore utwite asabwa kurya ifi mu gihe yifuza kubyara umwana udafite ikibazo kuko igira uruhari rukomeye mu gukomeza ubwonko n’imitejerereze by’umwana uri mu nda.
Umwarimu muri kaminuza ya The University of Medicine, Professor Lisa Eliot ndetse n’Umuhanga mu bya Siyansi, Rosalind Franklin bagaragaje ko umubyeyi utwite agomba kubona ifi nk’ifunguro ry’ibanze cyane cyane mu mezi atandatu ya mbere agisama kuko bituma ubwonko bw’umwana bukura vuba.
Professor Eliot akomeza agira inama abagore badakunda amafi ko byaba byiza bagannye abaganga bakababaza kubyo kurya basimbuza bishobora kugira umumaro umwe n’uw’ifi.
Mu gihe ubushobozi bwawe butakwemerera kubona ifi, ushobora gukoresha andi mafunguro akize ku ntungamubiri nk’umufa w’ibishyimbo, imboga (dodo), ubunyobwa,â¦â¦
Andi mafunguro afite intungamubiri wafata mu gihe utwite ni :
Amata
Inyama
AmagiBikaba byiza iyo ufashe ibi byose ariko biherekezwa n’imbuto z’ubwoko butandukanye.
Impamvu nyamukuru umugore utwite agomba kurya imbuto ni uko zigira uruhari runini mu kurinda imyakura kuba yakwangirika.
Imbuto ni kimwe mu bintu umugire utwite akwiye kwitaho -
The Mysterious Arrest Of Paul Rusesabagina #rwanda #RwOT
The arrest of Paul Rusesabagina, the Hotel Rwanda film 'icon', has attracted the attention of international media. In all the stories, the popular and often recycled narrative is that Paul Rusesabagina, a baptised hero, and humanitarian activist, was abducted from Dubai and taken to Kigali by agents of a dangerous totalitarian leader.
Even if some acknowledge that he is the co-founder and the chairman of the Rwandan Movement for Democratic Change (MRCD) and its militia wing, Front for National Liberation (FLN) and that this militia group has on different occasions attacked and killed innocent people inside Rwanda, they still have mercy to call for the intervention of international community to save 'this good man' from an imminent 'unfair' trial. For instance, Human Rights Watch (HRW) acknowledges that 'Rusesabagina pledged an 'unreserved support' to the FLN, the armed wing of the MRCD', and that 'since 2018, the FLN has claimed responsibility for several attacks around Nyungwe forest, Southern Province, near the border with Burundi.'
However, it goes ahead to argue that 'the fact that Rwandan authorities circumvented the legal process of extradition in Rusesabagina's case, seriously undermines their claims as to the legitimacy and good faith of their efforts to prosecute him.' Several local commentators have attributed this bizarre and clearly contradictory analysis to his very well-coordinated PR machine around Paul Rusesabagina Foundation. This is the basis of this piece.
I am interested in legal questions more than whether he is a hero. I am not interested in his role in the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi, or whether he is indeed a humanitarian activist. The legal question I am interested in is whether the manner in which he was arrested (abducted or lured into arrest) is something that violated his pre-trial rights to an extent that would persuade an independent Court to vacate his case. I will ignore though the claim of 'enforced disappearance' or 'torture' because I think those are claims intended to attract unnecessary attention using an unknown expansive legal interpretation.
According to the Rome Statute, enforced disappearance occurs when the arresting state refuses to 'acknowledge the whereabouts of the person' and for 'a prolonged period of time,' and for the case of torture, given the status of the person in question, Rwanda knows that it is being watched, and I strongly believe that it is in its interests to keep him safe. In the process of arresting a suspect, some rights are fundamental and these include the suspect's right to remain silent, the right to be informed that he or she is being arrested and the reasons for the arrest, the right to counsel and if she or he cannot afford one, the right to legal aid.
The right to counsel and the right to remain silent are rights a suspect is entitled to invoke during interrogation and the investigator(s) will be obliged to stop the questioning, but these are rights a suspect also has the right to waive as well. Article 9 (1) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights states that: 'Everyone has the right to liberty and security of person. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest or detention. No one shall be deprived of his liberty except on such grounds and in accordance with such procedure as are established by law.' Therefore, what we need to discuss is whether Rusesabagina's arrest was done according to a procedure established by law, and if not, are the (alleged) violations so serious to vitiate the integrity of a criminal process (rightful trial).
The details concerning the arrest of Rusesabagina still remain a big mystery. However, given the available information so far, it looks like he was lured into a trap of arrest as opposed to abduction (kidnapping). This distinction is very important to make because it is more tolerable to lure a suspect into arrest than abducting him or her. This is so because luring a suspect does not involve violence, and more importantly, it does not violate the sovereignty of the hosting state. Of course, some scholars still wonder whether we should consider an arrest to have occurred at the time that person was deceived, or whether it is when the actual physical arrest happened.
Note that the existing jurisprudence supports the view that arrest takes place when there is an actual restriction of someone's liberty, and in this case, it is not when Rusesabagina was in Dubai, but it is when the handcuffs were put on him at Kigali International Airport. It appears that, as Paulussen notes (in his 2010 Male Captus Bene Detentusâ¦), 'as long as the deceived person boards the plane (â¦) of his own free will and not under duress, (â¦) comes voluntarily to a jurisdiction where the arrest can be executed, (â¦) there is nothing wrong with this technique (â¦).' In brief, whereas abduction involves the use of violence and violates state sovereignty, luring is not, and thus somewhat tolerable.
For purposes of argument, let us take a moment to assume that he might have been abducted (which is unlikely given the fact the CNN quoted an anonymous source in Dubai indicated that Rusesabagina boarded a private jet on his own will), the existing jurisprudence from different national and international courts regarding the prosecution of suspects (who are victims) of wrongful arrests is not uniform. The court's decision will always depend on balancing the alleged violations that occurred during the arrest â” whether such violations are so flagrant to vitiate a rightful trial in a due process â” and the serious nature of crimes she or he is suspected of.
It is a common doctrine of law, especially in matters of public security, that a person might be wrongly arrested but still be accorded proper detention and a rightful trial (male captus bene detentus). Paulussen again notes, 'the use of irregular means was and is still considered an option in apprehending suspects, especially when the interests are (considered to be) strong.' The list of suspects who have been tried after wrongful arrests is long. The abduction of Adolf Eichmann in 1960 from Argentina and his effective trial in Israel, the cases of Slavko Dokmanovic and Dragan Nikolić before the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, the case of Jean Bosco Barayagwiza before the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, the case of Abdullah Öcalan v. Turkey before the European Court of Human Rights, the case of Alvarez-Machain v. U.S., or Fawaz Yunis v. U.S., and the famous application of the Ker-frisbie doctrine, where U.S. courts are permitted to prosecute a suspect even when the arrest did not follow an established due process of extradition.
In the case of Barayagwiza, even if his case was not abduction, but his pre-trial rights had been violated including unlawful detention in the Republic of Cameroon. Amnesty International reacting on the ICTR Appeals Chamber's decision, for the stay of the proceeding and his release, stated that 'Amnesty International regrets that there have been violations of the procedural rights of fair trial of Jean-Bosco Barayagwiza (â¦) but nonetheless argued the Prosecution to file for 'a request for a review of the decision' which effectively resulted in the decision of March 31, 2000, reconsidering the earlier decision and ordered for a reduced sentence if he is found guilty and financial compensation if found innocent.
The trail of a person who has been brought before the court under a wrongful arrest is often justified under the protection of the interests of justice, and is more accepted when the prosecuting state had either applied other means (lawful) and failed, or when other means would not have resulted in a surrender of the suspect â” the principle of Nunquam decurritur ad extraordinarium sed ubi deficit ordinarium (we should never resort to what is extraordinary, not until what is ordinary fails). This could be due to the fact that the hosting state is reluctant in executing the arrest warrant. For this case, it is fair to argue that charges against Rusesabagina are very serious (terrorism, murder, arson, etc.) making his trial justifiable under the interests of justice, and Rwanda had issued an arrest warrant against him, but given his popularity (visible in the current western media attention), it is predictable that Rwanda would have faced an uphill battle to obtain his extradition.
Therefore, it does make sense to suggest that when it is established that there was indeed some kind of violations of his pre-trial rights, that another remedy such as the reduction of the sentence be found, or financial compensation (if found innocent) as provided for under ICCPR (in its Article 9(5)) that: 'Anyone who has been the victim of unlawful arrest or detention shall have an enforceable right to compensation.' These are some of the legal issues we need to be discussing more, as we wait for his day in court, the rest is a distraction.
Dr. Alphonse Muleefu is a Senior Lecturer at the School of Law and Acting Principal of the College of Arts and Social Sciences (CASS) both of the University of Rwanda and is a member of the Rwanda Bar Association.
