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Ubu umwana wavutse la mu 1994, arakuze, uwo yibarutse afite nk’imyaka irindwi niba yarashatse acyuzuza imyaka yo gushyingirwa yemewe n’amategeko. Umwana we arinze angana atyo, u Rwanda n’u Bufaransa bigishyiditse, bitarajya imbizi, ngo byumvikane neza ahanini kubera uburyo ubuyobozi bwo muri Élysée bwatsembye bukanga gushyira umucyo ku ruhare rwabwo muri Jenoside.

U Bufaransa bwari nk’umubyeyi wa batisimu wa Perezida Habyarimana n’ubutegetsi bwe cyangwa Père Spirtuel ku bize mu Iseminari. Wa mubyeyi ureberera umwana we mu buryo bw’umwuka, ntatane ngo yishore mu moshya n’ibishuko by’Isi. Ni byo byatumye Habyarimana arinda ashiramo umwuka bukimunambyeho nubwo bwari bwaraburiwe uruhumbirajana.

Perezida Macron aherutse gutera intambwe imwe ikomeye kandi igoye, akorera uruzinduko mu Rwanda aho yavugiye ijambo ry’amateka, akemera uruhare rw’igihugu cye muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Hari abatarasobanukiwe impamvu yarwanye n’amagambo, akayabara rimwe ku rindi, mu gifaransa cyuje ubusizi akirinda kwerura ngo asabe imbabazi. Gen Jean Varret wari mu Rwanda hagati ya 1990-1993 yabwiye IGIHE ko Macron “arabizi neza ko adakunzwe mu Bufaransa”.

Ibyo byo ubwabyo byagombaga gutuma kwemera nta shiti, akanasaba imbabazi yeruye, bimwongerera abanzi kurushaho na cyane ko umwaka utaha hari amatora y’Umukuru w’Igihugu yari kuba ashyize amahirwe make ye mu manga.

Kuba u Bufaransa hari intambwe bumaze gutera itari yarigeze ibaho mu myaka 27 ishize, ni ikintu kigaragarira amaso y’umuntu wese ukurikirana ikibazo. Gusa haracyari urugendo rurerure kugira ngo umucyo n’ukuri kw’amateka bijye ahagaragara.

Perezida Kagame nawe yaciye amarenga agaragaza ko nubwo intambwe imaze guterwa n’u Bufaransa ishimishije, ariko hakiri byinshi byo gukora.

Mu kiganiro yagiranye na TV5 Monde yagize ati “Sinanyuzwe 100%. Nta muntu unyurwa 100%; ubuzima niko bumera, tugomba gukomeza kubaho twifashishije ibyo dufite, ibyo twabonye. Haracyari ibyo gukora, nta ‘formule’ ihari kugira ngo tubone ibisubizo.”

Umunyarwanda niwe wabivuze neza ati “ubuze uko agira agwa neza” aranongera agaragaza ko umuntu ashobora kubaho by’amaburakindi. Hari ukuri u Bufaransa bubitse, gukwiriye gushyirwa ahagaragara ngo Abanyarwanda bave muri ayo maburakindi bamazemo imyaka 27. Twagukubiye mu ngingo enye zikomeye.

1. “Boîte Noire” y’indege ya Habyarimana iri he?

Agasanduku k’umukara [boîte noire], nicyo kimenyetso ntakuka kibika amakuru yose y’indege, uko urugendo rwayo rwagenze, ibiganiro umupilote yagiranye n’abari ku butaka bayigenzura, ibibazo yahuye nayo, bya kidobya bishobora kuyihungabanya n’ibindi.

Ni akantu gato kaba gafite ibara ry’umutuku na orange. Imyaka ibaye 27 ikinyoma cyarakwiriye Isi yose ko indege ya Habyarimana yahanuwe n’ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi, gusa habuze igihamya kibyemeza. Ni ikinyoma “cyakwijwe n’u Bufaransa”.

Falcon 50 ya Habyarimana yahanuwe ubwo yari iri hafi kugwa i Kanombe, ibice bimwe byayo byaguye mu rugo rwe. Agasanduku k’umukara kayo kabitse amakuru yose, kuko abahanga bagaragaza ko bishoboka ko abapilote babonye aho ibisasu byayihanuye byaturutse ndetse bagashaka no kubikwepa.

Amaperereza menshi yakunze kugaragaza ko ibisasu byaturutse muri “Camp de Kanombe” ahagenzurwaga n’Abasirikare ba Habyarimana batakozwaga iby’amasezerano ya Arusha, hanabaga bataillon y’aba-para-commando.

Ni inde watwaye aka gasanduku?

Iyo usomye inyandiko zose zivuga kuri aka gasanduku, kimwe mu bintu ubona ni ukubusanya imvugo ku ruhande rw’u Bufaransa. Bwa mbere, ko iyi ndege itari ifite aka gasanduku, ko yari ifite tubiri, ko nta musirikare w’u Bufaransa wahageze ikimara kugwa, ko bahageze bakagatwara, ko bahageze ntibagatware n’ibindi nk’ibyo.

Ku ikubitiro, Grégoire de Saint-Quentin wari ukuriye Bataillon y’Aba-Para-Commando b’Abafaransa bari mu Rwanda, niwe wageze mu rugo rwa Habyarimana aho indege ye yaguye.

Inyandiko yakozwe na Jacques Morel mu 2017 y’ubucukumbuzi ku ihanurwa ry’iyi ndege, ivuga ko Grégoire de Saint-Quentin yahageze hashize amasaha 22. Ku rundi ruhande, hari inyandiko zo muri Minisiteri y’Ingabo mu Bufaransa zerekana ko Grégoire yahageze mu minota 15 ari kumwe na ba Su-ofisiye babiri ndetse we ubwe akahaguma ijoro ryose bari gutwara imirambo, baza kugaruka mu gitondo ahagana saa mbili.

Hari ifoto ifitwe n’ubutabera bw’u Bubiligi igaragaza Saint-Quentin ari imbere ya moteri y’iyi ndege. Mu ijoro ryo ku wa 6 Mata rishyira ku wa 7 Mata, Saint-Quentin yabwiye umuganga w’Umubiligi witwa Massimo Pasuch ko baza gutegereza bukeye kugira ngo batware aka gasanduku.

Hari abatangabuhamya benshi bemeje ko aka gasanduku katwawe n’abasirikare b’u Bufaransa. Abarinzi b’urugo rwa Habyarimana bahamije ko indege ikimara kugwa, Abasirikare b’u Bufaransa bihutiye kujya gutwara aka gasanduku.

Sergent Major Barananiwe Jean-Marie Vianney, wari ukuriye abarinzi b’urugo rwa Habyarimana ku mugoroba wo ku wa 6 Mata 1994, yagize ati “Abafaransa baje gushaka boîte noire tariki 7 cyangwa 8 Mata 1994, ntabwo nibuka neza umunsi cyangwa se niba barayibonye.”

Grégoire Zigirumugabe, wari mu barinzi ba Perezida Habyarimana yavuze ko Abafaransa “babonye icyo gikoresho cyitwa Boîte noire ku itariki 7 Mata”.

Aloys Tegera, wari umurinzi wa Habyarimana, Jean Baptiste Nzayisenga na Léonard Ntibategera, bari aba-para-commando, nabo bemeje ko babonye Abafaransa bashaka boîte noire, banashwanyaguza ibice by’indege. Léonard Ntibategera we yavuze ko Abafaransa batwaye aka gasanduku.

Agathe Habyarimana, umugore wa Juvénal Habyarimana n’abana be mu kiganiro bagiranye n’abanyamakuru ku wa 21 Mata 1994 bari i Paris, bahamije ko boîte noire yatwawe n’abasirikare b’Abafaransa.

Colonel Bernard Cussac wari ushinzwe ibikorwa bya gisirikare muri Ambasade y’u Bufaransa mu Rwanda, nawe yahamije ko babonye agasanduku k’umukara k’iyi ndege.

Gen Paul Rwarakabije, wari lieutenant-colonel mu Ngabo za FAR mu 1994, nawe yahamije ko aka gasanduku katwawe na Grégoire de Saint Quentin ndetse ko n’ibindi bikoresho by’iyi ndege byari bikenewe byatwawe na Lieutenant-Colonel Rwabalinda akabijyana i Paris akabishyikiriza Gen Huchon wari ushinzwe imikoranire mu bya gisirikare.

Muri raporo y’umucamanza Jean-Louis Bruguière yemeza ko Ephrem Rwabalinda na Jean-Pierre Huchon bahuye.

Ibaruwa yo ku wa 15 Mata 1994 yanditswe na Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’u Rwanda muri Guverinoma y’Abatabazi igenewe Abadipolomate b’u Rwanda, ihamya ko ako gasanduku kabonetse, kagatwarwa n’Abafaransa.

Agace gato k’iyo baruwa kavuga ko ibizava mu igenzura ry’ako gasanduku “bizakorwaho iperereza” ariko ko byaba ari amahano “gufata umwanzuro ntakuka k’uwahanuye indege yahitanye ubuzima bwa Perezida Habyarimana”.

Ku wa 27 Kamena 1994, Minisitiri w’u Bufaransa ushinzwe gutwara abantu n’ibintu, Bernard Bosson, yabwiye Minisitiri w’Intebe wungirije w’u Bubiligi, Di Rupo, ko “abayobozi b’u Bufaransa bafite boîte noire y’indege ya Perezida w’u Rwanda yahanuwe” ndetse ko bayibitse mu bubiko bw’Ikigo Mpuzamahanga gishinzwe iby’Indege, ICAO.

U Bufaransa bwahimbye ikinyoma ku manywa y’ihangu

Ku wa 28 Kamena 1994, Paul Barril wahoze mu Ngabo z’u Bufaransa, yeretse abanyamakuru igikoresho byitwa ko ari boîte noire yari yagiye gushaka i Kigali. Icyo yerekenya ni agakoresho k’ikoranabuhanga, gacomekwaho iminara.

Muri Werurwe 2004, Le Monde yatangaje ko Loni ariyo yahishe aka gasanduku i New York. Ni mu gihe ingabo zayo, MINUAR, zitigeze zohereza ikintu na kimwe muri Amerika gifitanye isano n’iyo ndege.

Muri make, birasa n’aho kuva mu 1994, hari icengezamatwara rikomeye ryakozwe n’u Bufaransa mu itangazamakuru mu kuyobya uburari ku irengero ry’aka gasanduku.

Ikiri ukuri ni uko Falcon 50 yari ifite boîte noire, aho yaguye nta basirikare ba MINUAR bigeze bemererwa kuhagera, byanatumye ako kanya nta perereza mpuzamahanga ritangira. Abari bemerewe kugera aho iyi ndege yaguye nibo bazi aho agasanduku kayo kari.

Abo ni Abarinzi ba Habyarimana, abagize bataillon y’Aba-Para-Commando n’abasirikare b’u Bufaransa. Gusa bitewe n’ijambo u Bufaransa bwari bufite mu Rwanda, amahirwe menshi ni uko aribwo bwayitwaye, muri make Barril wari inkoramutima ya Habyarimana n’umuryango we azi ukuri.

Iyi ngingo birakwiye ko u Bufaransa buyishyiraho umucyo ntacyo busize inyuma.

Kugeza ubu, nta muntu n’umwe uzi irengero ry’agasanduku k’indege ya Habyarimana nubwo inyandiko nyinshi zisobanura ko katwawe n’Abafaransa

2. Amayobera ku rupfu rwa Didot,umugore we na Maïer, Abasirikare b’abafaransa babiri bishwe mu buryo buteye kwibaza!

Ntabwo turagera ku gihe cyo kubyina intsinzi ku mubano w’u Rwanda n’u Bufaransa, mu gihe cyose ukuri kose kutarajya hanze. Kugeza uyu munsi, nta muntu uzi impamvu u Bufaransa bwaruciye bukarumira ku baturage barwo biciwe mu Rwanda n’ibindi byakurikiye gupfa kwabo.

Alain Didot wari Umu-gendarme, umugore we witwa Gilda n’undi mu-genderme witwa René Maier, bishwe ku wa 8 Mata 1994. Si malariya yabishe cyangwa se igituntu, bishwe barashwe.

Imibiri yabo ikimara kuboneka, u Bufaransa bwahise bukora ibishoboka kugira ngo ivanwe mu Rwanda, inyuzwa muri Centrafrique ijyanwa i Paris.

Igitangaje ni uko ibyangombwa bigaragaza ibijyanye n’urupfu rwabo byari ibihimbano. Ni inde wabihimbye? Ni Abafaransa? Kuki byahimbwe? Nta muntu ubizi, nta n’uwigeze ashaka kubimenya.

René Maier na Alain Didot bari Abasirikare b’u Bufaransa bashinzwe gukurikirana ibiganiro bivugirwa kuri Radio z’Ingabo z’u Rwanda mu guhanahana amakuru n’Ingabo z’u Bufaransa.

Alain Didot yari yaravutse ku wa 9 Ukuboza 1948 muri Komine ya Jœuf. Yatangiye igisirikare akora ubukanishi mu ndege by’umwihariko yita kuri radiyo zazo, aza no kuba inzobere muri byo. Mu 1992, yaje mu Rwanda mu butumwa bwari bwiswe ubw’ubufasha mu bya Gisirikare na Tekinike (Mission d’Assistance Militaire et Technique).

Twibukiranye ko umukanishi nka we, aba ari umuntu ushinzwe kugenzura radiyo, ashinzwe kureba neza niba itumanaho hagati y’abasirikare rimeze neza ku buryo hato hatagira umuntu ubumviriza. Ibyo ni byo yakoraga u Rwanda.

Gilda Didot yari umugore we, nta kazi yari afite mu Rwanda usibye guherekeza umugabo we.

René Maier wavukiye i Strasbourg ku wa 20 Gashyantare 1947 we yinjiye muri Gendarmerie y’u Bufaransa mu 1969. Yari afite umwihariko wo kugenza ibyaha nk’umupolisi ukora mu rwego rw’ubutabera. Icyo yari ashinzwe mu Rwanda ni ukugenzura ko imirimo ya Misiyo y’Abafaransa ikorwa mu buryo bukwiriye, nta mbogamizi. Yageze mu Rwanda mu Iki ryo mu 1993.

René na Didot bari bafite inshingano zitandukanye, nta n’ubwo bagombaga gukorera hamwe cyangwa ngo babane.

Amasezerano yari yarasinywe n’u Rwanda n’u Bufaransa mu 1975 avuga ko Abafaransa bagiye gutanga ubufasha bwa tekiniki mu bya gisirikare, mu gihe bari mu Rwanda bazajya bacumbikirwa na Guverinoma y’u Rwanda. Aba bakigera mu Rwanda n’imiryango yabo, bakiriwe neza, bitabwaho nta kibazo.

Kuva bapfa hibazwa byinshi. Ese ni iki baba barumvise mu biganiro bya bagenzi babo n’iby’Ingabo za Habyarimana ku mugoroba wo ku wa 6 Mata ubwo indege ye yahanurwaga? Birashoboka ko hari akagambane n’imikoranire ikomeye yari iri hagati y’izi mpande zombi baba baravumbuye, kubera kutizerwa cyangwa indi mpamvu itazwi bakicwa.

Hari raporo yasohotse mu 2012 ivuga ku rupfu rwabo, ishinja ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi uruhare mu rupfu rwabo, gusa habe n’ikimenyetso cy’umuti yigeze yerekana gishimangira uko baba barishwe.

Biragoye kwiyumvisha ukuntu Abasirikare b’u Bufaransa baba bariciwe mu Rwanda, maze bugaceceka, bukaba nta kintu bwigeze buvuga kuri iyi dosiye cyangwa ngo bukurikirane urupfu rwabo. Ikindi ni impamvu bwafashe umwanzuro wo guhimba inyandiko zivuga ku rupfu rwabo.

Urupfu rw’Abafaransa bari mu Rwanda ruracyari amayobera

Habaye ikibazo cy’ubukode ku nzu babagamo

Didot n’umugore we nta mwana bagiraga, bageze mu Rwanda baba mu nzu y’uwo bari basimbuye. Ni inzu yari iherereye muri Nyarugenge. Gusa nyirayo, yari yararambiwe kuba abantu baba mu nzu ye batishyura kuko Guverinoma y’u Rwanda itishyuraga ubukode uko bikwiye ahitamo kuyisubiza.

Bavuye Nyarugenge, bajya gutura Kacyiru, bivugwa ko aho babaga icyo gihe ari hafi y’ahitwa Kamatamu na Kamukina, ni ho ubuyobozi bw’u Rwanda icyo gihe bwabashakiye inzu. Bahageze ahagana mu 1993.

René wari waraminuje muri Geographie, we yaje mu Rwanda nta muryango bazanye. Yari atuye Kacyiru nawe, ahantu hafi y’aho Didot yari acumbitse.

Ku mugoroba wo ku wa 6 Mata 1994, bombi bakundaga guhura n’abandi Bafaransa babaga mu Rwanda bagasangira ku mugoroba.

Uwo munsi bari mu rugo rwa Komanda Michel Fabries, hamwe n’umuganga witwa Didier Matera na Poullain wari ukuriye Caisse Française de Développement.

Bacyumva iby’ihanurwa ry’indege ya Habyarimana, buri wese yahise afata inshingano ze, kuko bumvaga uburemere bw’ibibaye. Didot yari afite ibikoresho bigenzura amajwi hagati y’Ingabo z’u Bufaransa n’u Rwanda mu rugo rwe.

Ahagana saa munani ku wa 7 Mata, Didot yafashe umwanzuro wo kuva mu rugo rwa Fabries, afata ibintu bye ajyana n’umugore we Gilda nubwo Christiane wari warashakanye na Fabries yamwingigaga amusaba gusigara.

Mu rugo rwabo, hari hahungiye imiryango bari baturanye yiganjemo abana. Gilda ngo yavuze ko niba mu rugo rwe hari abantu, akwiriye kujya kubakira.

Lieutenant-Colonel Damy wari ukuriye aba-genderme b’Abafaransa, yasabye Didot n’umugore we kuva mu rugo, abandi barabatsembera. Bababwira ko badashobora kuva muri urwo rugo kuko hari abantu bari bakomeje kuhahungira.

Nyuma ku wa 8 Mata nibwo baje gusangwa muri urwo rugo bapfuye. Nta perereza ryigeze rikorwa ku rupfu rwabo.

3. Imiterere y’umubano abayobozi bo muri “Résaux Zero” bagiranaga n’abafaransa uteye kwibaza

“Réseau zéro” ni agatsiko karimo abantu bakomeye bafatwa nk’abari ku ruhembe rw’amabi yagwiriye u Rwanda. Ku isonga harimo “Mr Z”, Protais Zigiranyirazo uvukana n’umugore wa Habyarimana.

Ku myaka 35 gusa y’amavuko, yagizwe Perefe wa Kibuye, hashize umwaka umwe agirwa uwa Ruhengeri.

“Mr. Z” nyuma yaje kuba umwe mu bantu bakomeye n’umunyamuryango wa Akazu kari ku isonga ku butegetsi bwa Habyarimana.

Undi wari muri aka gatsiko ni Col. Deogratias Nsabimana wabaye Umugaba Mukuru wa FAR asimbuye Col Serubuga. Ni we u Bufaransa bwashyikirije imbunda zahimbwe “dimba hasi” zakoreshejwe mu rugamba rwo kurwanya FPR Inkotanyi.

Undi muntu wari uri muri iri tsinda ni Elie Sagatwa wabanje kuba Umuyobozi wa Akazu nyuma akagirwa n’Umurinzi wa Habyarimana. Nawe yari umuntu wo mu muryango w’umugore wa Habyarimana.

Aka gatsiko kari gafite ukuboko mu ngeri zose z’igihugu, uhereye mu buyobozi, ubutasi n’ahandi ku buryo uwavuga ko mu yindi sura ariko kari kayoboye igihugu ntiyaba abeshye. Kari gafite ukuboko kuri Kiliziya no ku itangazamakuru binyuze muri RTLM.

Nka Nsabimana yari umuntu wakoranaga n’Igisirikare cy’u Bufaransa, ibitero byose yateguraga yarabumenyeshaga ndetse bwari buzi imipango ye irimo gutoza Interahamwe, imyitozo igatangirwa mu bigo bya gisirikare.

Ni we wasabye ko u Bufaransa butoza Ingabo za FAR gukoresha imbunda za Howitzer, imyitozo ibera i Byumba.

Muri iyi myaka yose ishize, ntabwo u Bufaransa bwigeze bugaragaza ubufasha bwahaga “Réseau zéro” ndetse bivugwa ko inyandiko nyinshi z’imikoranire zitigeze zishyirwa ahagaragara.

4. Abagore bafashwe ku ngufu n’Ingabo z’Abafaransa mu Bisesero bazarengerwa na nde?

Umuntu wafashwe ku ngufu, n’iyo wamukorera iki ntashobora kubyibagirwa na rimwe. Ni igikomere cy’iteka ryose, gitimbyamo imisonga uko yibuka ibyamubayeho cyane iyo uwabimukoreye yiturije ageretse akaguru ku kandi.

Ubwo ni bwo bubabare abagore bafashwe ku ngufu n’Abasirikare b’Abafaransa bari mu Rwanda bamazemo imyaka 27 yose. N’uyu munsi baracyaribwa.

Abasirikare b’Abafaransa bari muri Opération Turquoise bageze i Cyangugu bigabamo amatsinda, umubare munini usigara i Kamembe ku kibuga cy’Indege, abandi bajya i Nyarushishi, mu Bugarama, i Ntendezi no mu Kirambo. Bageze i Nyarushishi batambagijwe inkambi yose, bagenda bafata amafoto.

Muri icyo gihe bagendaga bareba abari mu mahema. Nyuma y’iminsi itatu, bari bamaze kumenya ahaherereye abagore n’abakobwa, maze batangira kujya babatwara bakajya kubasambanya ku ngufu, mu gihe bari bashinzwe kubarinda.

Igitabo cyitwa “Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu” cya CNLG, kigaragaramo ubuhamya bw’ababonye ayo mahano.

Kambogo Constance yagize ati “Abafaransa bafataga abakobwa ku manywa y’ihangu bakabasambanya. Bazaga mu nkambi, bakazenguruka, bakagenda basohora abakobwa muri za burende, maze bagatoranya abo bashaka, babeshya ko ari abo kujya kubakorera isuku.”

Hakunze kuvugwa uburyo ingabo z’u Bufaransa zari mu Rwanda zagize uruhare mu gufata ku ngufu abakobwa b’Abatutsikazi

Babana n’ihungabana

Mu basambanyijwe ku ngufu i Nyarushishi harimo Claudine wari ufite hagati y’imyaka 14 na 15. Byamuviriyemo guhungabana kugeza ubwo abaye nk’umusazi.

Hasambanyijwe kandi Mukayiranga Mado, Mukayeze Pascasie, Mukayitesi Jacqueline, Umulisa, abana b’abakobwa bari bavuye muri EAV Ntendezi n’abandi.

Iki gitabo gikomeza kigira kiti “Bakorerwaga kandi ibikorwa by’ubunyamaswa birimo kubashyiramo urusenda, kubasambanya mu kanwa, mu kibuno, bakabafata amafoto babambitse ubusa, n’ibindi. A barangije, bahitaga babahererekanya biyamira ko ari beza, ko batandukanye n’abakobwa n’abagore b’iwabo. Nyuma yo kubasambanya ku ngufu, bababeshyeshyaga kubaha ibiryo (rations de combat cyangwa biscuit).”

Uretse mu Nkambi ya Nyarushishi, bigaragazwa ko Abafaransa basambanyije ku ngufu abagore n’abakobwa ku Kibuga cy’Indege cya Kamembe, kuri Stade Kamarampaka n’ahandi.

Habimana Jean Bosco wari Interahamwe kandi agakorana bya bugufi n’abasirikare b’Abafaransa dore ko bari baramuhaye n’imbunda, yatanze ubuhamya bw’uburyo Abafaransa bari muri Stade bamusabye kubashakira abakobwa bo gusambanya, cyane cyane Abatutsi, bavuga ko aribo batabateza ikibazo mu gihe byamenyekana.

Ubwa mbere ngo yabazaniye abakobwa babiri, uwa mbere yitwaga Béata yari afite imyaka nka 15. Habimana avuga ko yamukuye i Mururu, kandi yari amaze kumenya neza ko ari Umututsi. Bamaze kumusambanya ngo Abafaransa basabye ko Interahamwe zitamwica.

Uwa kabiri yitwaga Mukasine Florence wari afite imyaka nka 14. Habimana avuga ko we yamukuye muri Segiteri ya Winteko, muri Serire Bugayi, aho yari yihishe nyuma yo kwicirwa umuryango.

Kuri paji ya 361 hagira hati “Ageze muri Stade Kamarampaka yarasambayijwe bikomeye, ku buryo bamurekuye atakibasha gutambuka. Nawe bamaze kumusambanya basabye ko Interahamwe zitamwica.”

Béata na Mukasine bari barahungiye mu nkambi ya Nyarushishi, bafatwa basohotse bagiye gushakisha ibyo kurya aho bakomoka, kubera ko abaturanyi babo bari baratangiye guhungira muri Congo, bakumva ko bashobora kugerayo, bagafata ibyo kurya bakagaruka mu nkambi.

Colonel Jacques Hogard wari Umuyobozi wa Turquoise i Cyangugu yakunze gushyirwa mu majwi ku bwo kuba yararetse abo yayoboraga bagasambanya abagore ku ngufu banabakorera ihohoterwa ritandukanye rishingiye ku gitsina.

Ni cyo kimwe na Colonel Sartre Patrice wabaye Umuyobozi wa Turquoise Gikongoro.

Nyuma y’imyaka 27 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi na nyuma y’icyumweru kimwe Macron avuye i Kigali, we n’u Bufaransa baracyafite urugendo rutoroshye rw’ibyo bagomba gusobanura mu kugaragaza ukuri kw’amateka.

Bitewe n’amateka u Rwanda rwanyuzemo, kugeza ubu rubitse inyandiko nke cyane kuko mu Ishyinguranyandiko z’Igihugu habitswe inyandiko 480 zifite paji miliyoni esheshatu gusa. Ni inyandiko za kera zirimo izo mu 1917.

Impamvu u Rwanda rufite inyandiko nke zifitanye isano n’amateka yarwo, kuko rwahoranye umuco wo guhererekanya amateka mu mvugo, rwanatangira kwandika, ntirwite ku nyandiko cyane ku buryo hari byinshi byanditswe ariko byazimiye kuko bitabitswe neza.

Aho Abanyarwanda batangiriye kwandika, urugendo rwo kubika inyandiko mu buryo bwiza rwakomwe mu nkokora na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yasize inyandiko nyinshi zangijwe, izindi zikibwa, byose bikagira ingaruka zikomeye ku ibikwa ry’amakuru azakenerwa n’ibisekuru bizakurikiraho.

Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, ikibazo cy’inyandiko zibikitse nabi cyakomeje kugaragara, rimwe zikabura, ubundi zikaboneka zicagase, bigateza impaka ndetse n’ibihombo by’uburyo bunyuranye.

Mu 2008, Leta yafashe icyemezo cyo gukora isuzuma ryagaragaje ko hari ikibazo gikomeye cyo kubika amakuru mu nyandiko zabaga zakoreshejwe, kuko ubundi inyandiko z’ibikorwa byose bibera mu nzego za Leta, amagambo mbirwaruhame n’ibindi bishobora kuzakenerwa n’abaturage mu myaka iri imbere, ziba zigomba kubikwa neza.

Mu 2012, Leta yemeje Politiki igenga amakuru abitswe n’inyandiko zishyinguye, yari igamije gushyiraho umurongo w’uburyo inyandiko za Leta zigomba kujya zibikwa.

Iyi politiki yakoreshejwe mu kubika inyandiko z’Inkiko Gacaca, zibitswe mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga ndetse no mu buryo busanzwe.

Kugeza ubu ibigo bya Leta na Minisiteri bibitse amakuru yabyo ku kigero cya 80%, ndetse uturere turenga 20 tubitse amakuru yatwo mu buryo bugezweho.

Imirimo yo kugarura inyandiko z’u Rwanda ziri mu mahanga irarimbanyije

Muri uru rugamba rwo kubika amateka yaranze u Rwanda ku buryo azakoreshwa n’ibisekuru bizakuriraho, Leta iri mu mishyikirano n’u Bubiligi kugira ngo inyandiko z’u Rwanda icyo gihugu gifite zizanwe kubikwa mu Rwanda, kandi u Bubiligi bubifitemo ubushake.

Umukozi Ushinzwe Igenzura no Kumenyekanisha Inyandiko mu Nteko y’umuco, Uwineza Marie Claude, yavuze ko imirimo yo kuzana izi nyandiko igeze kure, ariko zikazazanwa mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga.

Uyu muyobozi yasobanuye ko inyandiko z’u Rwanda zagiye mu mahanga kubera amateka y’igihugu arimo ubukoloni, aho abakoronije u Rwanda bajyanye inyandiko z’u Rwanda mu bindi bihugu bari barakoronije ndetse no mu byo bakomokamo.

Yagize ati “Ziri ahantu henshi hatandukanye, hari iziri mu Bubiligi zagiye mu bihe bya Gikoloni, hari iziri mu Budage, hari iziri i Vatican, iziri mu Muryango w’Abibumbye, iziri i Burundi, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, Tanzania n’ahandi.”

Uwineza yabwiye RBA ko imishyikirano yo kuzana inyandiko mu Rwanda igeze kure, ati “Twatangiye imishyikirano kugira ngo inyandiko zitarurwe kandi bagaragaje ubushake bwo kuziduha. Turi gukorana ku mushinga w’imyaka itanu wo gutunganya inyandiko zibumbatiye amateka y’u Rwanda ziriyo, bigeze kure.”

Izi nyandiko zizabikwa mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga, ari nabwo buryo zizoherezwa mu Rwanda.

Umukozi Ushinzwe Kubika no Kubungabunga Inyandiko mu Nteko y’Umuco, Twagirayezu Yves, yasobanuye ko kubika inyandiko z’amateka y’u Rwanda neza, bizanafasha mu bikorwa by’ubushakashatsi ku mateka arimo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, bityo abayagoreka bagasubizwa mu buryo bufite ireme bw’ubushakashatsi.

Yagize ati “Si ukuzibika gusa ahubwo ni ukuzikoresha ariko nanone zigakoreshwa mu bushakashatsi, bahereye ku byanditse bakiga bakamenya ibyabayeho mu Rwanda… ibyo bizafasha mu guhangana n’abagoreka amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.”

Kugeza ubu, mu nyandiko zibitswe n’Inteko y’Umuco, 95% byazo bibitswe mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga, ibizatuma kuzigeraho byoroha ndetse n’umutekano wazo ukizerwa.

U Rwanda rumaze iminsi mu cyumweru cyahariwe kwita ku nyandiko, cyatangiye ku itariki ya 7 – 11 Kamena 2021.

Mu kwizihiza icyo cyumweru, insanganyamatsiko yaragiraga iti “Akamaro k’inyandiko guhesha agaciro abanyamwuga bacunga inyandiko” ndetse u Rwanda rwanizihije Umunsi Mpuzamahanga w’Ishyinguranyandiko wabaye kuwa 9 Kamena 2021, rukaba rwaratangiye kwizihiza uwo munsi mu 2018.

U Rwanda ruritegura kwakira inyandiko ziturutse mu Bubiligi zajyanyweyo mu bihe by’ubukoloni

Nubwo aka gace gatuwe n’abafatwa nk’abasirimu n’ubuzima bwaho bukaba bworoshye, kakunze kurangwamo inzu zubatse mu tujagari, ubujura bwa hato na hato biri mu byatumaga hari abahagenda bikandagira.

Ubusanzwe igishushanyo mbonera cy’Umujyi wa Kigali, giteganya ko mu cyerekezo cy’igihugu hazimakazwa imyubakire izirana n’utujagari. Ni byo byanatumye Biryogo itekerezwaho mu Mushinga wiswe “Agatare”, ugamije kuvugurura imiturire muri aka gace ko mu Murenge wa Nyarugenge mu Karere ka Nyarugenge.

Muri uyu mushinga hubatswe ibikorwa remezo birimo imihanda, inzira z’abanyamaguru ku buryo ubujura n’urugomo byakorwaga bigenda biba amateka.

Kuri ubu Umushinga w’Agatare ugeze kuri 77.461% wubakwa. Washowemo 7.558.079.727 Frw yo kubaka imihanda icaniwe ireshya na 6.652 Km, ruhurura za 2.512 Km, inzira z’abanyamaguru ziriho amatara zireshya na 6.266 Km ndetse n’ikigega cy’amazi cya metero kibe 220 cyubakiwe Lycée de Kigali.

Ibi bikorwa remezo byegerejwe abaturage mu kubafasha kunoza imiturire, guhesha agaciro ubutaka, kurinda ibiza abatuye mu kajagari badafite uburyo bwo gufata amazi, kwimakaza umutekano no kunoza imigenderanire n’ubuhahirane.

Uyu mushinga ugamije gufasha abaturage kuvugurura inyubako ndetse n’abashaka kugurisha n’umushoramari ubikeneye bakore amahitamo yabo.

Mujawayezu Dorothée usengera mu Itorero ry’Abadiventisiti b’Umunsi wa Karindwi mu Rugunga, akaba ari naho akorera yabwiye IGIHE ko yanyuzwe n’umuhanda wubatswe kuko basigaye bakora gahunda zabo batikandagira.

Ati “Hano ibisambo byahamburiraga abantu amatelefoni n’amasakoshi. Wumvaga abantu bazaga bataka, nyuma yo kwibwa. Abatekamutwe bari benshi, barimo n’ababeshya ko bagiye gushinga ishuri. Nyuma y’uko iterambere rihageze, nta bikihaba.’’

Umushinga w’Agatare ntugamije kwimura abaturage ahubwo ni ukubafasha kugerwaho n’ibikorwa remezo by’ingenzi bibafasha mu buzima.

Yakomeje ati “Hari abamaze guhabwa ibyangombwa byo kuvugurura. Bamwe baravuguruye, abandi babwiwe ko batazimurwa ahubwo bazakomeza gutura aho. Ni iterambere kandi bifasha abantu kuko kuva ahantu wari umenyereye uhamaze imyaka nka 20 biragutonda, iyo uhagumye biragufasha.’’

Uyu mubyeyi umaze imyaka 18 atuye mu Rugunga, yavuze ko abantu benshi babonye imirimo bibafasha mu mibereho yabo, bibakura mu bukene.

Nibura mu iyubakwa ry’iyi mihanda, Lea Associates ikurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’uyu mushinga ivuga ko abagera kuri 800 babona akazi ku munsi.

Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge wa Nyarugenge, Mukandahiro Hidayat, yavuze ko umushinga w’Agatare wahinduye amateka ya Biryogo.

Yagize ati “Aka gace ka Biryogo kari gatuwe kuva ku bw’abakoloni; hari imihanda idakoze neza, ku buryo abanyamujyi baho bari banyotewe iri terambere. Kubona imihanda, birazamura ya myumvire y’abaturage, bifuzaga kubona imihanda y’imikara imbere y’inzu zabo.’’

Yasobanuye ko abaturage batangiye kumva ko bagomba kuvugurura inyubako zabo n’abadafite ubushobozi bagirwa inama.

Ati “Hari ubukangurambaga twatangiye gukora ndetse abashakaga ibyangombwa babihabwaga mu buryo bwihuse, abadafite ubushobozi na bo tubakangurira kugana amabanki. Ubu nta muntu utuye mu Biryogo, wahimuka kuko bazi neza amahirwe ahari.’’

Mukandahiro yavuze ko mbere ya COVID-19 hari abashoramari bari bafite umushinga wo kubaka inzu zigeretse zakorerwamo ubucuruzi bugezweho, zikanaturwamo.

Ibiganiro birakomeje ndetse hari icyizere ko mu gihe gito iyo mishinga ishobora gutangira gukorera muri aka gace.

Imihanda yubatswe mu mushinga w’Agatare ahazwi nko mu Biryogo ifite agaciro ka 5.090.794.300 Frw

I Nyamirambo ku Mumena naho hatekerejweho

Mu mushinga w’Agatare hubatswe imihanda itandukanye irimo n’unyura mu Mudugudu wa Kiberinka, mu Kagari ka Mumena mu Murenge wa Nyamirambo.

Abatuye muri Kiberinka bishimira iterambere ryabegerejwe ndetse bamwe batangiye kuribyaza umusaruro.

Mutangampundu Yvonne yavuze ko umuhanda begerejwe by’umwihariko yari amaze igihe awutegereje kuko yageze muri aka gace mu 2000.

Ati “Hari umuhanda mubi, imodoka nayo ntiyahageraga neza kuko mu mvura habaga igitaka, ku zuba hakaba ivumbi.’’

Uyu mubyeyi w’abana bane, akora ubudozi ndetse ateganya kubwagura no kwegera umuhanda hafi y’abakiliya be.

Nyuma yo gutangira kubaka umuhanda, hari igorofa ryatangiye kuhazamurwa, rizuzura mu myaka ibiri.

Singuranayo Bernard ushinzwe Imirimo y’iyi nyubako yo guturamo, yavuze ko umuhanda ari ishoramari rirambye kandi rishobora kwinjiriza igihugu.

Ati “Mbere ntihagendwaga, nta bwiza bwari buhari. Umupangayi iyo umweretse ko inzu iri kuri kaburimbo biba byiza cyane. Gutura ku muhanda ni amahirwe, utuma niba hari urwaye byoroha kumugeza kwa muganga, ingendo ziroroha.’’

Mu mushinga wo kuvugurura utujagari, muri Biryogo hatunganyijwe ahantu hari ku buso bwa hegitari 12.46, Kiyovu ifite hegitari 20.1 mu gihe Rwampara ari ku buso bwa 26.42.

Biteganyijwe ko muri Nyakanga 2021 hazatangira icyiciro cya kabiri cy’umushinga wo kuvugurura utujagari muri Kigali; washowemo miliyoni 40.2. Hazibandwa ku bice bya Gatenga, Nyabisindu, Nyagatovu no ku nkengero za ruhurura ya Mpazi ku Gitega.

Mu Biryogo harahindutse

Umuhanda uva ku Bisima ugana mu Rugunga ahazwi nko ku Kadege, waratunganyijwe ndetse watangiye gukoreshwa

Uyu muhanda wubatse neza hafi y’ahahoze isoko rya Biryogo ryasenywe ahagana mu 2018. Haracyakorwa imirimo ya nyuma ariko ibikorwa by’ibanze byarasojwe

Iyi ni imwe mu nyubako iri kuzamurwa hafi y’umuhanda wubatswe mu Agatare mu mushinga watewe inkunga na Banki y’Isi

Nyuma y’iyubakwa ry’imihanda n’ibindi bikorwa remezo bijyana na yo, agaciro k’umutungo uri muri aka gace kariyongereye

Iyi mihanda yubatswe binyuze mu mushinga uterwa inkunga na Banki y’Isi ku bufatanye na Leta y’u Rwanda, washowemo miliyoni 10$, akabakaba miliyari 9 Frw

Muri uyu mushinga, hanubatswe ikigega kuri Lycée de Kigali gisimbura icyari kihasanzwe. Gifite ubushobozi bwa metero kibe 220

Hambere iyi mihanda yari iy’ibitaka ndetse kuhanyura byari bigoye ku banyamaguru n’abafite ibinyabiziga byabo

Umushinga wo kubaka imihanda ugamije kunoza imiturire no guca utujagari tuhaboneka bitewe n’imyubakire yatwo

Ahagejejwe imihanda, hamaze no gucanirwa ku buryo abagenzi bahanyura nta nkomyi no mu masaha y’ijoro

Ibinyabiziga bisigaye bigenda byisanzuye nyuma y’umuhanda mushya wubatswe uhuza agace ko ku Bisima na Rugunga

Uyu muhanda wubatse neza hagati y’ahari Umusigiti w’Abayisilamu n’ishuri rya Institut Islamique Al Hidayat na Academy Solidarity TVET mu Rwampara

Aka gahanda kava ku rusengero rw’Abadiventisiti b’Umunsi wa Karindwi kagana ku muhanda ukomeza kuri 40 uvuye mu Rugunga

Aho gahinguka ku muhanda wo hasi hari gukorwa imirimo ya nyuma

Abanyeshuri batangiye kuganura kuri iyi mihanda yoroheje ingendo zabo bakora bagana ku ishuri

Ahageze ibikorwa remezo, ubuzima burahinduka. Mbere uyu muhanda wari igitaka ari mubi cyane

Mujawayezu Dorothée usengera mu Itorero ry’Abadiventisiti b’Umunsi wa Karindwi mu Rugunga, ari naho akorera avuga ko umuhanda wubatswe ufasha abaturage mu kwicungira umutekano no gukora ingendo nta nkomyi

Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge wa Nyarugenge, Mukandahiro Hidayat, yavuze ko ibikorwa remezo byubatswe byahinduye isura ya Biryogo

Imihanda yo ku Mumena nayo iri gutunganywa neza

Kuri ubu umuntu ugana mu Cyumbati anyuze kuri 40 agenda mu muhanda w’umukara wubatswe muri aka gace

Abakoresha iyi mihanda bishimira ko yatangiye kwinjiza impinduka mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi

Imihanda ya Rwampara yatangiye guhindura isura y’aka gace karimo akajagari. Bamwe batangiye guhabwa ibyangombwa byo kuvugurura inyubako zabo

Mutangampundu Yvonne utuye mu Mudugudu wa Kiberinka, Akagari ka Mumena i Nyamirambo, yavuze ko umuhanda begerejwe bari bamaze igihe bawutegereje

Mu Mudugudu wa Kiberinka mu Kagari ka Mumena hari kubakwa umuhanda mushya. Abatuye aka gace bishimira ko bawegerejwe wari ukenewe cyane

Muri Mumena ahubatswe umuhanda mushya, hatangiye no kuzamurwa inyubako zigezweho zo guturwamo

Singuranayo Bernard umaze imyaka 10 mu by’ubwubatsi yavuze ko umuhanda ari igikorwa remezo kiri mu bibumbatiye iterambere ry’igihugu. Ni we ushinzwe imirimo yo kubaka iri gorofa rishya ryo guturamo riri kuzamurwa muri aka gace

Imihanda imwe n’imwe yaruzuye, hari gukorwa imirimo ya nyuma yo kuyisoza

Amafoto: Niyonzima Moïse