Icyo gihe hibazwaga uburyo igihugu kitagira umutungo kamere, ntigikore ku nyanja, ntikigire ubuso bunini kandi kikaba mu bukene bukabije nyuma ya Jenoside n’intambara yari yayibanjirije, cyari bwivane muri ako kangaratete k’ibibazo byari bimeze nk’ibitazabonerwa ibisubizo burundu, kugeza ubwo bamwe mu batekereza hafi basabye ko u Rwanda ruseswa, igice kimwe kigahabwa Abahutu ikindi kigahabwa Abatutsi.
Ku Banyarwanda benshi bari mu mahanga kubera ubuhinzi, ipfunwe n’igisebo byabomaga inyuma aho bari hose. Buri wese ubabonye yabanzaga kwibaza uburyo barokotse, akagira amatsiko yo kumenya ubwoko bwabo, ku buryo hari abarenzwe n’iki kimwaro bakaba baniyambura Ubunyarwanda, cyangwa bakifuza kuba baragize inkomoko itandukanye.
Yaba abo Banyarwanda n’abanyamahanga babafataga nk’imfubyi, byari bigoye kubona ufite icyizere cy’umuzuko w’u Rwanda rushya, kabone nubwo Jenoside yari imaze guhagarikwa.
U Rwanda rwahariwe ba nyirarwo barangajwe imbere na FPR-Inkotanyi yari imaze kurubohora, Abanyarwanda batangira kongera kurwubaka gahoro gahoro kugera muri za 2010, ubwo rwari rumaze kuba igihugu kiri ku murongo, rwongera kandi kugaruka cyane mu matwi y’abatuye Isi, ku iyi nshuro hakibazwa uburyo iki gihugu cyari cyarazimye, cyabashije kubaka iterambere riri ku muvuduko uri hejuru kandi mu gihe gito, byose bigakorwa n’amaboko y’Abanyarwanda.
Banki y’Isi yabaye umuhamya w’iri terambere, kuko yavuze ko “U Rwanda rwabashije gushyiraho amavugurura y’ingenzi mu bukungu yatumye rushobora gukomeza kuzamura ubukungu bwarwo [bwari ku mpuzandengo ya 7.2% hagati ya 2009 na 2019].”
Uretse kuzamura ubukungu, imibereho y’Abanyarwanda yateye imbere mu zindi nzego zirimo uburinganire, isuku n’umutekano, kurwanya ruswa n’ibindi bitandukanye byahesheje u Rwanda ibihembo ku rwego mpuzamahanga, bikaruhesha ishema rwari rwarambuwe n’amateka mabi rwanyuzemo.
Ntabwo bikunze kubaho ko ibihugu bihinduka bikava mu bukene bukomeye mu gihe gito nk’u Rwanda rwabikoze, kandi rukabikora mu buryo budasanzwe kuko rudafite ibyagatumye rutera imbere vuba nk’umutungo kamera no gukora ku nyanja.
Uyu mwihariko w’imbogamizi z’u Rwanda birihariye, icyakora hari ibyo ruhuriyeho n’ibindi byinshi, kandi na byo byakoze iyo bwabaga bikubaka iterambere rirambye mu gihe gito, urugero rwiza rukunze kugarukwaho kuri iyi ngingo rukaba Singapore.
Nta gushidikanya ko u Rwanda rwigiye byinshi ku iterambere rya Singapore, ndetse ibi binagaragarira mu bufatanye buri hagati y’ibihugu byombi, buri mu nzego nyinshi zirimo uburezi, ikoranabuhanga, ubutabera n’izindi nyinshi Singapore yateyemo imbere.
Ni uwuhe mwihariko wa Singapore?
Kugira ngo dusobanukirwe neza impamvu iterambere ry’u Rwanda rigereranywa n’irya Singapore, ni ngombwa ko tubanza kumva iterambere rya Singapore nyirizina. Iki gihugu kitagira icyaro, kiri ku buso buto bwa kirometero kare 724 km2, aho kirutwa n’Umujyi wa Kigali, uri ku buso bungana na kirometero kare 730km2.
Nubwo ari igihugu gito, Singapore iratuwe bifatika, kuko abaturage bayo bangana na miliyoni 5.7, ibituma iki gihugu kiza ku mwanya wa gatatu ku Isi mu bifite ubucucike bwinshi bw’abaturage, kuko gituwe n’abantu 8.358 kuri kirometero kare imwe.
Mu bihe bitandukanye, abantu bakunze kwibaza niba Singapore itazuzura ikabura aho ishyira abantu, gusa Ikigo Gishinzwe Imiturire muri icyo gihugu (HDB), giherutse kumaraho izo mpungenge kivuga ko Singapore ifite ubushobozi bwo kwakira abandi bantu barenga miliyoni enye mu gihe byaba ngombwa.
Mu myaka 50 ishize, Singapore yari igihugu kiri mu bikennye kurusha ibindi ku Isi, aho umuturage yinjizaga amafaranga arengaho gato 500 y’Amadolari y’Amerika. Mu 2019 mbere y’umwaduko wa Covid-19, umuturage wa Singapore yinjizaga ibihumbi 65$ ku mwaka, avuye ku bihumbi 21$ mu 2000, ibishyura Singapore mu bihugu bikize ku Isi, icyiciro yinjiyemo mu mpera y’Ikinyejana cya 20.
Umusaruro mbumbe w’iki gihugu, ungana na miliyari 379$.
Singapore ibarirwa mu bihugu biteye imbere cyane ku rwego rw’Isi, nyamara cyari igihugu gikennye cyane mu myaka 60 ishize
Ni gute Singapore yageze kuri iri terambere?
Iterambere ridasanzwe rya Singapore ryagizwemo uruhare cyane n’ahantu iherereye, rwagati mu nzira ihuza Inyanja y’u Buhinde, u Bushinwa ndetse n’ibihugu biri mu Majyepfo ashyira Iburasirazuba bwa Aziya.
Ahagana mu 1819, u Bwongereza bwari bwarakolonije Australie, bwari bufite ikibazo cy’ahantu buparika amato mu nzira, na cyane ko amato yo muri ibyo bihe atari afite ubushobozi bwo gukora ingendo ndende, kandi u Bwongereza bukaba bwarakoranaga ubucuruzi n’ibihugu birimo u Bushinwa n’u Buhinde byari bikomeye cyane muri icyo gihe, uretse ko u Bwongereza bwaje kubikoloniza nyuma.
Ubwami bw’u Bwongereza bwatumye Stamford Raffles wari umusikare, kuva mu Buhinde akamanuka agana mu Nyanja ya Pacifique ashakisha ahantu heza amato yabo azajya aparika.
Muri urwo rugendo, Raffles yaje kugera ku Kirwa cya Singapore, yakirwa n’abasangwabutaka baho, arakizenguruka anyurwa n’imiterere yacyo, irimo n’iy’ikirere kitarangwa n’imiyaga myinshi kuko Singapore iri hafi y’umurongo wa Koma y’Isi (Equateur).
Uretse ikirere, Raffles yanarabutswe ibiti by’inganzamarumbo byari kuri icyo Kirwa, abona neza ko byakorwamo amato meza ndetse byanakoreshwa mu gusana andi mato yangirikiye mu nzira.
Nta kuzuyaza, yahise asaba abamukuriye gutangira ibikorwa byo kubyaza umusaruro icyo Kirwa, ari na bwo u Bwongereza bwatangiye kwagura icyambu gito cyari cyarubatswe n’Abashinwa kuri icyo Kirwa mu Kinyajana cya 13. Kuri ubu iki cyambu kiri ku mwanya wa kabiri mu byambu binini ku Isi, inyuma y’icya Shanghai.
Mu 1869, Ubunigo bwa Suez mu Misiri bwarafunguwe, bituma ibicuruzwa bihererekanywa hagati y’u Burayi n’ibihugu byo mu Burasirazuba bwa Aziya birimo u Bushinwa bwari bwaramaze gukolonizwa n’u Bwongereza, byiyongera. Ibi byatumye Icyambu cya Singapore kibona ibiraka byinshi, kuko nyuma y’imyaka 10 ubu Bunigo bufunguwe, agaciro k’ibicuruzwa bica muri Singapore kariyongereye cyane kava kuri miliyoni 32$ kagera kuri miliyoni 105$.
Impinduramatwara za Lee Kuan Yew
Ubwiza bw’amerekezo ya Singapore siyo turufu yonyine yagejeje iki gihugu ku iterambere, kuko inaturanye n’ibindi bihugu birimo Thailand na Malaysia binini, binafite imitungo kamere kuyirusha, ariko bidafite iterambere nk’iryayo.
Mu myaka yakurikiye Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi, ubucuruzi bwakorerwaga hagati ya Aziya n’u Burayi bwariyongereye, ibyatumye n’icyambu cya Singapore kirushaho kwaguka, icyakora abaturage b’iki gihugu bakagira imbogamizi, kuko bakomeje kuba mu bukene bw’akarande.
Aba baturage batangiye kurakarira Abongereza bari barabakolonije ndetse barabamagana bifuza ko bagenda burundu, Singapore igatangira kwiyobora ubwayo.
Ku gasongero k’izi mpinduramatwara, hari umugabo witwa Lee Kuan Yew, watabarutse mu 2015 afite imyaka 91. Yew yavukiye muri Singapore mu 1923, mu muryango wifashije kuko se yakoraga ku mato y’Abongereza, ari nayo mpamvu mu mazina yahaye Yew, harimo na ‘Harry’ uretse ko yaryanze amaze gukura.
Yew yagize amahirwe yo kwiga, akaba umuhanga cyane ku buryo yazaga mu batsinze neza buri gihe, biza no gutuma abona amahirwe yo kujya kwiga ibijyanye n’Amategeko mu Bwongereza.
Nyuma yo kuminuza, Yew yaje kwitegereza asanga uburyo Leta y’u Bwongereza ifata abaturage bayo mu gihugu cyabo, bitandukanye n’uko ifata abaturage ba Singapore, ari na byo byatumye afata umwanzuro wo gutaha iwabo akajya guhangana n’abakoloni, aza no kubigeraho nyuma yo gutsinda amatora yatumye aba Minisitiri w’Intebe wa mbere wa Singapore mu 1959. Iyi ntsinzi yayigezeho abinyujije mu ishyaka rya PAP yari yarashinze mu 1954.
Nyuma yo gutorwa, Yew yagize impungenge z’uko imbogamizi zirimo ubuto bwa Singapore zitari butume igera ku iterambere rirambye, maze yegera Malaysia bituranye bikanasangira umuco, ayisaba ko ibihugu byombi byakwihuza. Ibi byagezweho mu 1963 ariko ntibyamara kabiri kuko 1965, ibihugu byombi byari bimaze gutandukana nyuma y’uko abayobozi ku mpande zombi batumvikanye ku buryo bw’imiyoborere.
Nyuma yo gutandukana, Yew yafashe umwanya ajya mu mwiherero w’ibyumweru bitandatu nta muntu abwiye, benshi bakemeza ko iki ari cyo gihe yateguye uburyo azubaka iterambere rya Singapore, ibyo bamwe bashobora kugereranya n’inama zabereye muri Village Urugwiro ahagana mu 1997 na 1998, zashyizeho gahunda y’iterambere ya ‘Vision 2020’ mu Rwanda.
Lee Kuan Yew wabaye Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Singapore kuva mu 1959 kugera mu 1990, afatwa nk’umwe mu bayobozi bakomeye babayeho ku Isi, aho yafashije igihugu cye kuva mu bikennye cyikinjira mu bikize
Ihuriro ku rugendo rw’iterambere hagati ya Singapore n’u Rwanda
Ku rwego rw’Isi, iterambere rya buri gihugu rishingira ku bukungu bwacyo. Nk’ubu iterambere ry’u Burusiya na Australie rishingiye ku mutungo kamere, mu gihe irya Amerika rishingiye kuri serivisi.
Bitewe n’imiterere ndetse n’amahirwe y’iterambere ari muri Singapore ndetse n’u Rwanda, hari byinshi ibi bihugu bihuriyeho mu iterambere ryabyo, ari na yo mpamvu ikunze gutuma bigereranywa.
-Ibihugu byombi byahisemo kubaka ubukungu bushingiye ku ishoramari
Mu 1965, Singapore yari kimwe mu bihugu bikennye ku Isi, irangwamo ruswa, ubukene bukabije, ubujiji mu baturage ndetse n’umutekano mucye, wakururaga imyigaragambyo ya buri munsi, na yo igatuma ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi bidafata umurongo muzima ngo bitange umusaruro.
Kimwe mu byo Yew yakoze nyuma y’ubwigenge bwa Singapore, ni ukubaka urwego rw’umutekano rukomeye ku buryo mu gihugu habamo ituze, gusa ibi ntabwo byari bihagije kuko abaturage benshi batagiraga imirimo, ibishobora n’ubundi kubasunikira mu makimbirane.
Kugira ngo abaturage ba Singapore babone imirimo mu buryo burambye, Lee Kuan Yew yatekereje gushyiraho ikigo kizajya cyorohereza abashoramari bifuza gutangiza ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi muri Singapore, icyo kigo cyitwa ‘Economic Development Board (EDB).
Iki kigo cyagize uruhare rukomeye cyane mu iterambere rya Singapore, kuko cyafashije Leta gushyiraho ingamba zatuma abashoramari boroherwa no kuzana imari yabo muri Singapore, yaba mu buryo bw’amategeko ndetse n’ubundi butandukanye.
Mu by’ukuri Singapore ntiyari ifite isoko rinini nka Thailand cyangwa Malaysia bituranye, icyakora yari ifite uburyo yorohereza abashoramari butabaga muri ibyo bihugu, bigatuma bahitamo gushinga ibikorwa byabo muri Singapore ahubwo bakajya bohoreza ibyo bakorerayo ku yandi masoko.
Byageze mu 1980, abaturage badafite akazi bageze kuri 4.5% gusa, mu gihe Singapore ari cyo gihugu cyakoraga ‘hard disk’ nyinshi ku Isi mu ibyo bihe, kandi ibi bikoresho bikina umuziki byari bigezweho cyane ku Isi.
Gukurura abashoramari byatumye Singapore yubaka ubukungu bushingiye ku byoherezwa mu mahanga, byiganjemo ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, bigize 43% by’ibyo Singapore yohereza mu mahanga magingo aya. Si ibyo gusa kuko byanatumye Singapore yakira ishoramari ryo gutunganya ibikomoka kuri peteroli, bigize 19% by’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, nubwo icyo gihugu kidacukura uwo mutungo kamere.
Mu 2019, Singapore yohereje mu mahanga ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro ka miliyari 301$, itumuzayo ibifite agaciro ka miliyari 270$, bivuze ko ikinyuranyo cy’ibyo yohereje n’ibyo yatumije ari inyungu ya miliyari 31$. Singapore yaje ku mwanya wa 18 ku Isi mu bihugu byohereje ibicuruzwa byinshi mu mahanga mu 2019.
Kubera EDB, gutangira ubucuruzi muri Singapore bitwara amasaha atatu gusa, iki gihugu kikaba cyari ku mwanya wa kabiri mu byorohereza ubucuruzi ku rwego rw’Isi mu 2019. Kuri ubu, muri Singapore hakorera ibigo by’ubucuruzi bikabakaba ibihumbi 400, ku buryo hafi ya buri muturage wese ufite ubushobozi bwo gukora afite akazi, aho ikigero cy’ubushomeri kiri munsi ya 2%.
Nibura mu bigo 20 bikomeye ku Isi, 15 bifite amashami muri Singapore, mu gihe iki gihugu gicumbikiye banki zirenga 200, ibituma iba igicumbi cy’urwego rw’imari mu gace iherereyemo.
U Rwanda narwo rufite Urwego rw’Iterambere (RDB) rufite imikorere ifitanye isano na EDB ya Singapore, kuko na rwo rushinzwe gufasha abashoramari kwisanga mu Rwanda, aho kwandikisha ubucuruzi bitwara amasaha atandatu gusa.
Kuri ubu mu Rwanda, kimwe na Singapore mu 1980, rusigaye rufatwa nk’ahantu horoshye mu gukorera ubucuruzi kurusha ibihugu by’ibituranyi, ku buryo mu gihe byakomereza kuri uyu muvuduko, nta kabuza u Rwanda rwazaba nk’icyicaro cy’ishoramari ku bifuza kurizana mu Karere ka Afurika y’Iburasirazuba.
Ubu bushake bw’abashoramari bugaragazwa n’uburyo imibare y’ishoramari rizanwa mu Rwanda buri mwaka yiyongera, aho yavuye kuri miliyari 1.18$ mu 2016, igera kuri miliyari 2.46$ mu 2019, mbere y’uko isubizwa inyuma n’icyorezo cya Covid-19 ikagera kuri miliyari 1.8$ mu 2020.
Ibigo bikomeye by’ubucuruzi ku rwego rw’Isi, birimo na Apple, bifite amashami muri Singapore bitewe n’uburyo icyo gihugu cyorohereza abashoramari kugishoramo imari. Kwandikisha ubucuruzi muri Singapore bitwara amasaha atatu gusa
-Imihigo
Kuva ku rwego rwa Minisiteri kugera ku rwego rw’Isibo, u Rwanda rwashyizeho gahunda yo gukorera ku Imihigo, ndetse iy’inzego z’ibanze igasinyirwa imbere ya Perezida wa Repubulika.
Singapore na yo igira gahunda imeze nk’iyi, aho buri rwego, ndetse n’umukozi ku giti cye, basinya imihigo bakiyemeza kuzagera ku ntego runaka mu gihe cy’umwaka.
Iyi mihigo ni yo igenderwaho mu kumenya niba umukozi akwiye kongererwa amasezerano y’akazi, kongezwa umushahara, gutegurirwa amahugurwa n’ibindi nk’ibyo.
Iyi gahunda izwi nka ‘Meritocracy’ ni ingenzi cyane muri Singapore kuko ituma abakozi bashoboye ari bo bonyine bakora mu nzego za Leta, ku buryo batanga umusaruro mwinshi kandi mu gihe gito.
Mbere ya 1994, Singapore yari ifite ikibazo cy’uko inzego za Leta zari zimeze nk’ibigo byo kwimenyererezamo umurimo, kuko abakozi bamaraga kugira ubushobozi bwisumbuye bahitaga bajya gukora mu bigo byigenga bibahemba neza, ugasanga Leta ihorana ikibazo cyo gutegura abakozi bashya buri gihe.
Aha ni ho havuye igitekerezo cyo kuzamura umushahara w’abakozi ba Leta, ku buryo bahembwa kimwe n’abakozi bo mu bigo byigenga bakora inshingano zijya gusa, kugira ngo bemere gukomeza gukorera Leta.
Kuri ubu, Leta ya Singapore niyo ya mbere ihemba neza abakozi bayo kurusha izindi ku Isi, ndetse na Minisitiri w’Intebe wayo, niwe muyobozi w’igihugu uhembwa agatubutse ku Isi, aho ku mwaka ahembwa miliyoni 1.5$. Akubye hafi inshuro eshatu Umuyobozi wa Hong Kong umukurikira, agahembwa ibihumbi 550$, ndetse na Perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika uza ku mwanya wa gatatu, agahembwa ibihumbi 400$.
Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Singapore, Lee Hsien Loong, niwe muyobozi uhembwa amafaranga menshi ku Isi, aho ahembwa miliyoni 1,5$.
Uretse gufasha Leta gukomeza gukoresha abakozi bashoboye, iki cyemezo cyanafashije mu kugabanya ruswa, kuko abakozi ba Leta banyuzwe n’umushahara wabo, batajya kwishora mu byaha nka ruswa n’ibindi by’indonke.
Leta y’u Rwanda nayo yatangiye gutekereza kuri uyu mushinga, ku buryo umukozi ufite ubumenyi budasanzwe kandi bukenewe mu gihugu, atazajya ahembwa amafaranga asanzwe ahembwa abandi bakozi ba Leta, ahubwo ashobora guhembwa umushahara wisumbuye ku buryo yakwemera gukomeza gukora muri Leta.
Ubu buryo busanzwe bunakoreshwa mu bindi bihugu, bukagira umumaro wo gutuma Leta ikoresha abakozi b’abahanga mu ngeri zose ibakeneyemo, bityo bagatanga umusaruro ukenewe mu iterambere ry’igihugu.
-Ishoramari mu kuzamura imibereho y’abaturage
Kimwe mu bintu by’ibanze bikurura abashoramari muri Singapore, ni uko ari igihugu cy’abanyabwenge, aho bigoye kubura umukozi ufite ubumenyi mu bikorwa hafi ya byose wakwifuza.
Ibi byatewe n’ishoramari rikomeye Leta yashyize mu rwego rw’uburezi kuva mu 1970, ibituma uburezi bwa Singapore buza ku mwanya wa mbere mu kugira ireme rihambaye ku Isi.
Uburezi muri Singapore butangira umwana afite amezi arindwi, akagenda yigishwa bijyanye n’ubushobozi bwe ku buryo umwana w’imyaka irindwi, aba afite ubumenyi bwasaba umwana wakuriye muri Amerika indi myaka itatu kugira ngo abugeraho.
Mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga y’abana mu bijyanye n’imibare n’ubugenge, bizagorana kubura umwana ukomoka muri Singapore uri mu batwaye ibihembo.
Singapore ni cyo gihugu gifite uburezi buteye imbere ku rwego rw’Isi, aho abana batangira kwigishwa bafite amezi arindwi, bakazakura bafite ubumenyi buhambaye
Uretse uburezi, urwego rw’ubuzima muri Singapore na rwo ni urwa mbere ku Isi mu gutanga serivisi nziza ugereranyije n’izindi nzego.
Uru rwego rukoramo abakozi b’inzobere kuko baba barabonye uburezi bwiza, kandi bagahembwa neza ku buryo nta kindi gihugu cyapfa kwigondera uwo mushahara. Ibi byiyongera ku bikoresho bigezweho, byinshi binakorerwa muri Singapore, kuko iki gihugu kiza mu bya mbere ku Isi mu gukora imiti n’ibindi bikoresho byo kwa muganga.
Urwego rw’ubuvuzi muri Singapore ni rwo rwa mbere ku Isi mu gukora neza, ndetse Perezida bamwe mu bayobozi bakomeye ku Isi niho bakunze kwivuriza, uwibukwa cyane akaba Perezida Robert Mugabe wigeze kuyobora Zimbabwe
Nubwo Singapore ari igihugu gito, 47% by’ubuso bwayo buriho amashyamba n’ibiti, ndetse mu 2030, ubu buso buzagera kuri 50%, aho umuturage wese azaba ashobora kugera muri pariki cyangwa ubusitani bitamutwaye iminota 10 y’urugendo.
Singapore ni umujyi ufatwa nk’icyitegererezo mu guteza imbere ibidukikije ku rwego rw’Isi
Hejuru y’ibi kandi Singapore nicyo gihugu cya mbere ku Isi gifite ibikorwaremezo bifasha umuturage kwisanzura, akagera ku masoko n’ahandi yifuza bitamugoye.
Iki gihugu kiza ku mwanya wa mbere ku Isi mu bihugu bifite imihanda myiza, nubwo abaturage batunze imodoka ari mbarwa bitewe n’amabwiriza Leta yashyizeho atuma imodoka zitaba nyinshi mu gihugu gito.
Kugura imodoka muri Singapore bishobora kugusaba kwishyura inshuro enye z’igiciro igura mu bindi bihugu, mu gihe kuyitunga ku mwaka bishobora kugusaba kwishyura hafi ibihumbi 45$, bitewe n’amafaranga yo kwishyura parikingi n’ibindi bijyana nabyo, birimo n’uduce tw’umujyi twinjirwamo imodoka zishyuye gusa.
Ibi byose ariko ntacyo bitwaye kuko uburyo bwo kugenda mu modoka rusange bwa Singapore ari bwo bwa mbere ku Isi mu gukora neza, ku buryo umuturage ashobora kubaho ubuzima bwose atarigera abura uko ava cyangwa ajya mu gice runaka cy’Umujyi.
Nubwo Singapore ari cyo gihugu gifite imihanda myiza ku Isi, ntabwo irangwamo imodoka nyinshi kuko itunga umugabo igasiba undi bitewe n’ingamba za Leta y’icyo gihugu
Kuri ibi kandi hiyongeraho icy’amacumbi, aho abaturage 80% batuye mu macumbi yubatswe na Leta, afite ibyangombwa byose ku buryo inzu imwe ishobora kugira agaciro k’ibihumbi 400$. Mu baturage batuye muri izo nyubako, 90% baraziguriye bazitunga nk’umutungo wabo, nyuma y’uko Leta izibagurishije kuri kimwe cya kabiri cy’igiciro cyazo.
Muri Singapore, ni itegeko kwizigamira. Ku mushahara wa buri mukozi, Leta ikuraho 20% ashyirwa mu kigega cy’ubwizigame, akaba yakoreshwa mu kugura inzu, kwishyura amashuri ndetse na serivisi z’ubuzima.
Urebye neza ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda, usanga ruri guca mu nzira zisa nk’izo Singapore yaciyemo mu bijyanye no guteza imbere ubuzima rusange bw’abaturage.
Nk’ubu turebye ku rwego rw’uburezi n’ubuzima, zombi ziri muri eshanu za mbere zashowemo amafaranga menshi muri uyu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari.
Birumvikana ko ireme ry’uburezi mu Rwanda ritameze nk’iryo muri Singapore, ariko bijyanye n’ishoramari Leta iri gushyiramo, yaba mu kongera umubare w’ibyumba by’amashuri, uw’abanyeshuri n’ibindi nk’ibyo, nta kabuza ko uru rwego ruzahinduka inkingi y’iterambere ry’u Rwanda mu myaka iri imbere, na cyane ko mu 2050, ubukungu bw’u Rwanda buzaba bushingiye ku bumenyi kurusha uko bimeze uyu munsi.
U Rwanda rufite intego yo kuba igicumbi cy’urwego rw’uburezi n’urwego rw’ubuzima mu Karere ka Afurika y’Iburasizuba, ku buryo izo nzego zombi zatangira kubyazwa umusaruro mu buryo bwo kwinjiriza igihugu amafaranga nk’uko bimeze muri Singapore.
U Rwanda kandi ruherutse gutangiza Ikigega cyiswe Ejo Heza, kizajya gifasha Abanyarwanda bakora mu mirimo iciriritse kubona uburyo bizigamira. Ubwizigame nibumara kuba bwinshi mu myaka iri imbere, Leta ishobora kuzajya ikiguzamo amafaranga aho kujya kuguza hanze, nk’uko Singapore ibigenza, ibituma itagira ideni ry’amahanga.
Intego ni ukubaka abaturage bafite ubumenyi n’ubuzima bwiza, ku buryo ari byo bikoreshwa mu kwinjiriza igihugu amafaranga, bikaziba icyuho cyo kutagira umutungo kamere. Icyakora kuri ubu haricyari icyuho kinini, ugereranyije intambwe u Rwanda rukeneye gutera mu rwego rw’uburezi n’ubuzima, n’imaze guterwa.
Muri rusange, igereranya rya Singapore n’u Rwanda rishingiye ku buryo ibihugu byombi bifite imbogamizi zirimo ubutaka buto, ndetse no kutagira umutungo kamere, ariko ubuyobozi bwiza buherekejwe n’umutekano, bukaba bwarabashije gutuma ibihugu byombi byubaka iterambere, ndetse bigafatwa nk’urugero rwiza rw’uburyo ibihugu bishobora kubyaza umusaruro amahirwe y’iterambere muri rusange.
Mu 2015, Perezida Paul Kagame yagiriye uruzinduko muri Singapore, abonana na Minisitiri w’Intebe Lee Hsien Loong, ibishimangira umubano mwiza usanzwe hagati y’ibihugu byombi
Mu 2018, Tharman Shanmugaratnam wari Minisitiri w’Intebe Wungirije muri Singapore, yazanye n’itsinda rigari gusura u Rwanda, bakirwa na Minisitiri w’Intebe Edouard Ngirente, impande zombi zinasinya amasezerano y’ubufatanye mu nzego zirimo ubucuruzi, ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere n’ibindi
