Category: Uncategorized

Udupfukamunwa, ibyuma byongera umwuka (ventilators), gusuhuzanya abantu bahana ibipfunsi, kwiga cyangwa guhaha hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga no gukaraba intoki ni bimwe mu byakanguwe n’icyorezo, bitangira gukoreshwa cyane n’abantu, hirindwa ko gisakara hose cyangwa ngo gikomeze kwivugana abantu.

Nubwo hashyizweho ingamba zitandukanye mu kwirinda iki cyorezo, birashoboka cyane ko zimwe zishobora kugumaho kuko zagize akamaro gakomeye no mu bindi byiciro by’ubuzima.

Ikoranabuhanga mu bucuruzi

Covid-19 itaraza benshi mu bacuruzi bo mu Rwanda bajyaga kurangura hanze yaba mu Bushinwa, Dubai cyangwa ahandi. Imaze kuza, ingendo zarahagaritswe ikoranabuhanga rihabwa intebe abantu batangira gutumiza ibicuruzwa hanze bakoresheje uburyo bw’iyakure (online), bikomeza gutyo na nyuma y’uko ingendo zisubukuwe.

Uretse gutumiza ibicuruzwa, hari uburyo bushya bwo kwishyura hifashishijwe Mobile Money bwashyizwemo ingufu na MTN Rwanda bwa Momo Pay kubera Covid-19.

Ubu buryo butuma abantu bishyura amafaranga ntibakatwe ndetse n’umucuruzi uyahawe ntakatwe mu gihe ayabikuza, yanakatwa agakatwa make bitewe n’umubare w’ayo yishyuye, bitandukanye n’ibyari bisanzwe bya Mobile Money aho umuntu yatangaga amafaranga agakatwa n’uyakiriye bikagenda uko.

MTN iherutse gutangaza ko abacuruzi bakoresha ubu buryo mu kwishyura bavuye ku 3000 muri 2020 bagera ku 50.000 muri Nzeri 2021, mu gihe abishyura bakoresheje MoMo Pay nibura buri kwezi basaga miliyoni 1.3.

Ubu buryo bubiri bw’ikoranabuhanga buri mu bushobora kugumaho na nyuma ya Covid-19.

Umuco wo kwishyurana kuri telefoni umaze kwimakazwa

Gukaraba intoki

Gukaraba intoki nta watinya kuvuga ko ari umuco wimakajwe nyuma y’uko iki cyorezo kije kuko ni gake washoboraga kubona umuti wica udukoko (hand sanitizer) aho abantu bakorera cyangwa se aho gukarabira cyangwa kandagira ukarabe ahahurira abantu benshi.

Nubwo benshi ubu babikora ari ukwirinda Covid-19, byagabanyije n’izindi ndwara zishobora guterwa n’umwanda wo ku ntoki, kuko zihora zanduye kandi zifite udukoko twinshi dushobora kwinjira mu mubiri w’umuntu mu gihe atakarabye, duciye mu kanwa, mu maso cyangwa mu mazuru tukamuteza indwara zirimo impiswi, umwijima, ibicurane, n’izindi.

Minisiteri y’Ubuzima ihamya ko indwara ziterwa n’umwanda zagiye zigabanuka kubera gukaraba intoki ndetse ko uyu muco ukwiriye gukomeza na nyuma yuko Covid-19 irangiye.

Umuco wo gukaraba intoki ushobora kuzagumaho na nyuma y’uko COVID-19

Gusuhuzanya abantu badakorana mu ntoki

Ubusanzwe mu muco w’Abanyarwanda abantu barasuhuzanya bagakorana mu ntoki. Ubu bisa nk’ibyacitse kubera icyorezo cya Covid-19 hirindwa ko hari uwayanduza undi binyuze mu gukoranaho.

Nubwo wacitse ariko hari benshi babyishimira bavuga ko bibaye byiza byagumaho abantu ntibongere kujya basuhuzanya.

Hari uwagize ati “Njye kudasuhuzanya mu ntoki narabikunze kuko byaturinze guhanahana imyanda tuba twagiye dukoramo. Njye sinakwifuza ko bigaruka.”

Ibi abihuje na Makuza Mark wagize ati “Kuba gusuhuzanya mu ntoki byaragabanutse ni byiza cyane kuko nubwo hatarakorwa ubushakashatsi, ndacyeka hari umwanda mwinshi byateraga bivuze ko zimwe mu ndwara twanduriragamo zagabanutse.”

Benshi bemeza ko uyu muco wo gukora mu ntoki zundi musuhuzanya ushobora gucika, abantu bagakomeza gukoresha ibipfunsi cyangwa guhoberana nyuma y’icyorezo.

Uburyo bwo gusuhuzanya n’indi myitwarire bishobora kuzarangira bihindutse

Kwizigamira

Kwizigamira benshi bajyaga bavuga ko ari iby’abakire cyangwa abantu bamaze kwihaza bagasagura ayo kubika, gusa Coronavirus imaze kuza bamwe batangiye kwicuza impamvu batabikoze hakiri kare kuko ababashije kubaho neza mu gihe cy’iminsi irenga 40 ya guma mu rugo ya mbere ari abari bariteganyirije.

Karangwa Jacques wacuruzaga imyenda ubwo Covid-19 yageraga mu Rwanda yabwiye IGIHE ko Guma mu rugo ya mbere yabaye amaze igihe gito aranguye imyenda, amafaranga yose yarayashoye asigaranye make cyane yo kumutunga mu byumweru bibiri gusa.

Ati “Ubuzima bwarangoye mbaho nabi, nabonye ko no muri duke nabonaga nashoboraga kwizigamira. Ubu ndizigamira cyane, 20% by’ayo ninjiza ndayazigama.”

Uretse uyu mucuruzi, hari n’abandi benshi bahamya ko bamenye agaciro ko kwizigamira nyuma y’icyorezo cya Covid-19, kuko nta wumenya uko ejo haba hameze.

Gushyira ingufu muri gahunda z’ubuvuzi

Covid-19 ni cyo kintu cyerekanye ko Afurika itewe itakwitabara mu bijyanye n’ubuvuzi kuko kuva ku dupfukamunwa kugera ku bikoresho bindi byifashishwa mu kwirinda Covid-19 cyangwa kuramira ubuzima bw’abayirwaye, byinshi bituruka hanze yayo ndetse hanagaragaye ko umugabane nta bushobozi ufite bwo gukora inkingo.

Uku kwishingikiriza ku bandi kwagaragaye mu gihe cy’icyorezo ni ko kwatumye ibihugu bimwe bishakisha uburyo bwo gushyira ingufu mu buvuzi harimo n’u Rwanda, cyane ko ruri mu bihugu bibiri muri Afurika bigiye kubakwamo uruganda rukora inkingo zirimo iza Covid-19, Malaria, Igituntu n’izindi.

Uretse inkingo hari ibikoresho nk’udupfukamunwa two kwa muganga twatangiye gukorwa n’inganda zo mu Rwanda kandi twaratumizwaga hanze, ibyuma bitunganya umwuka byari bike ku mavuriro byarongerewe ndetse n’ibindi.

Amakuru ajyanye n’ubuzima yacaga ku mbuga nkoranyambaga za Minisiteri y’Ubuzima n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubuzima, RBC, nayo yatangiye gukurikiranwa na benshi bashaka kumenya uko Covid-19 ihagaze mu gihugu, bigatuma banaboneraho kumenya n’andi makuru y’ubuzima.

Ibi ni bimwe mu bintu bishobora kuzagumaho na nyuma y’iki cyorezo cyane ko gitangiye kugabanuka hirya no hino ku Isi kubera ko benshi bamaze guhabwa inkingo.

COVID-19 yatumye u Rwanda rushyira imbaraga muri gahunda z’ubuvuzi burimo no ukora inkingo

Itsinda ry’abashoramari bikorera 17 bo muri Angola bari mu Rwanda mu rugendo rugamije kurwigiraho no gushaka amahirwe y’ishoramari ashobora kuba ahari kugira ngo bakomeze kwagura ibikorwa byabo by’ishoramari bigamije guhindura Afurika iteye imbere.

Umuyobozi uhagarariye Urwego rw’Abikorera muri Angola, Isabel E. Soares da Cruz, yavuze ko nyuma yo kwerekwa amahirwe ari mu Rwanda, abona abashoramari baturutse mu gihugu cye bagiye gushora imari mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi, ubucuruzi bw’amafi, ikoranabuhanga ndetse no guteza imbere inganda.

Yagize ati “Turifuza guhindura imitekerereze y’abanyafurika bumva ko bidashoboka kuko tuzi neza ko bashobora gukora ibyiza byinshi bafatanyije. Kuri twe twishimiye gukorana n’abanyarwanda cyane ko Paul Kagame ari gukora ibikorwa by’intageraranwa. Twe tumubona nk’umuntu uri gukora ikintu kigamije guhindura imyumvire y’Abanyafurika.”

Yakomeje ati “Abanyangola turifuza gushora mu buhinzi ndetse n’ubworozi bw’amafi, twamaze kumenya ko u Rwanda rutumiza amafi mu Bushinwa, twumvise bigoye cyane kandi natwe muri Angola dufite amafi menshi. Twizeye ko dufatanyije twakora byinshi byiza. Reka dutegereze gusinya ayo masezerano y’ubufatanye mu buhinzi n’ubworozi bw’amafi.”

Isabel E. Soares yagaragaje ko abashoramari bo mu Rwanda na bo bashobora gushora imari mu gihugu cye hagamijwe guteza imbere ibikorwa by’ubwikorezi na serivisi.

Ambasaderi wa Angola mu Rwanda, Eduardo Filomeno Barber Leiro Octavio, yavuze ko ari iby’agaciro kwakira abashoramari bavuye muri Angola basura u Rwanda mu rugendo rugamije gusangira ubumenyi n’abagenzi babo b’Abanyarwanda no kurebera hamwe uko ibintu mu ishoramari bishobora gukorwa.

Yongeye kugaragaza ko umubano w’u Rwanda na Angola uhagaze neza cyane ko ibihugu byombi bikomeje gusinyana amasezerano y’ubufatanye mu nzego zinyuranye.

Perezida w’u Rwanda Paul Kagame aheruka muri Angola muri Mata uyu mwaka anaganira na Perezida wa Angola João Lourenço, mbere yo kwitabira inama ya kabiri ya ‘ICGLR Mini-Summit’, yigaga kuri politiki n’uko umutekano uhagaze muri Centrafrique.

Ku rundi ruhande ariko João Lourenço na we aheruka mu Rwanda muri Gashyantare 2020 ubwo yari yitabiriye Inama yahuzaga abakuru b’ibihugu by’u Rwanda na Uganda igamije gukemura ibibazo by’umwuka mubi wari uri hagati yabyo n’ubwo ntacyo ibyo biganiro byagezeho ku birebana no gufungura imipaka.

Yagaragaje ko mu rwego rwo guhaza Isoko Rusange rya Afurika, bikwiye ko aba bashoramari baharanira kongera ibyohererezwa mu mahanga, kunoza imitangire ya serivisi, guteza imbere ishoramari, ku nyungu z’ibihugu byombi.

Umuyobozi w’Ishami rishinzwe Ibikorwa by’Ishoramari mu Rwego rw’Igihugu rw’Iterambere, RDB, Philip Lucky, yagaragaje ko kugeza ubu hari amahirwe menshi y’ishoramari mu Rwanda ku buryo aba bashoramari byaborohera kurugana.

Yagize ati “Ni abantu bavuye mu nzego z’abikorera muri Angola, baje kureba amahirwe ahari ndetse no gutsura umubano hagati y’abikorera b’ibihugu byombi. Amahirwe twaberetse ni ajyanye n’inganda kandi twaberetse amahirwe dufite mu gihugu mu rwego rwo kongera umusaruro mu byo dukora no kuzana inganda nshyashya kandi twabonye ko bafite ubwo bushake bwo kuza gushora imari.’’

Mu yandi mahirwe yeretswe aba bashoramari bo muri Angola harimo ibijyanye no gukora ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi cyane ko biri no mu bitumizwa mu mahanga ku bwinshi, guteza imbere ubuhinzi n’ubworozi no gutunganya umusaruro ubikomokaho n’ibindi.

Philip yavuze ko kandi kuba ibihugu biri gushaka amahirwe y’ishoramari aboneka mu Rwanda bisobanuye byinshi birimo kuba igihugu gitekanye cyakorerwamo ishoramari, korohereza abashoramari ndetse n’uburyo babona inzego z’abikorera mu Rwanda zifite ubushake bwo gukorana n’abagamije gutangiza ishoramari rihamye.

Yagaragaje ko hari amahirwe menshi y’ishoramari ku banyamahanga mu nzego zinyuranye cyane ko hagiye hari n’imishinga itandukanye igamije guteza imbere abaturage yiganjemo igamije kongera umusaruro w’ibikomoka ku buhinzi n’ibikorerwa mu nganda.

Umuyobozi wungirije w’Urugaga rw’Abikorera mu Rwanda, Eric Gishoma, yavuze ko kugeza ubu abashoramari bo mu Rwanda bakorera muri Angola ari bake ariko ko ubu noneho biteguye kwiyongera.

U Rwanda na Angola biritegura gusinyana amasezerano asaga 13 y’imikoranire azafasha mu nzego zinyuranye zigamije iterambere.

Abashoramari bo muri Angola bifuza gushora imari mu buhinzi n’ubworozi mu Rwanda

Yabitangaje ku wa 16 Ugushyingo 2021 ubwo yasuraga Akarere ka Karongi, Minisitiri w’Ubuzima w’u Rwanda, Dr Ngamije Daniel akamwereka ibikorwa by’abajyanama b’ubuzima n’uruhare bagira mu guhangana na Malaria.

Abajyanama b’ubuzima beretse aba bayobozi uburyo bakoresha mu kurwanya Malaria burimo imiti yica imibu n’uburyo bwo gusuzuma ibidendezi bakamenya niba birimo imibu itera malaria.

Iyo babonye ikidendezi kirimo imibu itera Malaria bahita bakigomorora bagashyiramo amazi mashya ibi bakabikora buri minsi itatu kugeza iyo mibu ipfuye igashira.

Umuyobozi w’Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Mubuga yabwiye aba baminisitiri ko uburyo bwose bwo kurwanya Malaria hiyongereyeho no kuba isigaye ivurwa n’abajyanama b’ubuzima byatumye ibipimo by’abarwayi bayo muri aka gace bimanuka biva kuri 37% bigera kuri 12% ndetse ngo nta muntu ukicwa n’iyi ndwara.

Minisitiri Kagwe yashimye uburyo abajyanama b’ubuzima bafatanya n’abakozi ku bigo nderabuzima gushakisha aho imibu iterera amagi ngo hafatwe ingamba zo kuyirinda hakiri kare.

Yavuze ko ibi bikorwa abajyanama b’ubuzima bakora ari indashyikirwa kuko bifasha igihugu mu kuzigama amafaranga menshi yakabaye agenda mu bikorwa byo kuvuza abarwayi ba Malaria.

Dr Ngamije yavuze ko mu rwego rwo guhangana na Malaria mu bihugu bigize akarere u Rwanda ruherereyemo, ari byiza ko igihugu nka Kenya gisura ibikorwa bishingirwaho mu kuyihashya kugira ngo ibyo ashima bibe byaha umurongo ngenderwaho washyigikirwa n’ibindi bihugu kugira ngo bagire imyumvire imwe mu kurwanya iyo ndwara.

Umuyobozi Mukuru wa SFH Rwanda, Manase Gihana Wandera, ufasha kubonera imiti n’amahugurwa abajyanama b’ubuzima mu kurwanya Malaria avuga ko ubu hari kwigwa ubutyo bahana ubumenyi n’ibindi bihugu ku bikorwa byahurirwaho mu kurwanya iyo ndwara ku buryo bwagutse.

Minisitiri w’Ubuzima muri Kenya, Mutahi Kagwe (wa mbere iburyo) na Minisitiri w’Ubuzima mu Rwanda, Dr Ngamije Daniel, ubwo basuraga ibikorwa by’abajyanama b’ubuzima i Karongi

Nubwo bimeze gutyo, urwo rwego ruracyagaragaramo ibibazo byinshi birimo ruswa, ubwiyongere bw’imanza mu nkiko, ubumenyi budahagije ku bakora mu nkiko n’ibindi.

Nta wamenya imizi y’ibyo bibazo n’umuti usharira wabitsirika kurusha uwabibayemo imyaka isaga 40 ari we Prof Sam Rugege wahoze ari Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, kuri ubu akaba ayoboye Akanama k’Abahuza bigenga.

Abahuza bashinzwe kunganira inkiko n’abakozi bazo mu gushishikariza Abanyarwanda gukemura ibibazo bafitanye bakoresheje ubwumvikane, aho guhora bitabaza inkiko.

Uyu mwanzuro washyigikiwe n’amategeko yashyizweho mu 2018 ajyanye n’ubuhuza mu nkiko, aho mu manza mbonezamubano n’iz’ubucuruzi, ababuranyi bemerewe guhagarika urubanza aho rwaba rugeze hose, bakitabaza ubuhuza.

Rugege yaganiriye na IGIHE agaruka ku bibazo bitandukanye biri mu butabera bw’u Rwanda birimo gatanya, uruhare rw’ubuhuza mu gukemura amakimbirane n’ibindi.

IGIHE: Umwaka urashize muhawe kuyobora Akanama Ngishwanama k’Abahuza mu Nkiko, ni iki cy’ingenzi mumaze kugeraho?

Prof Rugege: Impamvu akanama kagiyeho ni ugushishikariza abaturage gukoresha ubuhuza mu mwanya wo kugana inkiko kugira ngo bagabanye amakimbirane, barusheho kubana neza. Ikindi akanama gashinzwe ni ugukurikirana imanza zoherezwa mu buhuza zivuye mu nkiko no kureba uko byakomeza gutera imbere.

Tubona bitanga umusaruro kuko imanza nubwo atari nyinshi, ziragenda ziyongera gake gake. Nko mu 2019 imanza 550 zarangiriye mu buhuza, mu 2020 ziba 575, ubu mu 2021 nubwo umwaka utarashira, zimaze kugera kuri 514. Twiringiye ko zizakomeza kwiyongera nubwo bitaragera ku rwego umuntu yakwishimira kuko imanza zose zijya mu nkiko zirenze ibihumbi 70 buri mwaka.

Kuba ubuhuza butaratangira kwitabirwa, ni uko Abanyarwanda bakunda kuburana?

Prof Rugege: Ntabwo Abanyarwanda bakunda kuburana kurusha abandi bantu kuko tubisanga no mu bindi bihugu […] Nibwira ko u Rwanda ahubwo rwarushaho gukemura ibibazo mu bwumvikane kurusha ahandi kubera biri mu muco wacu.

Kuva kera ibibazo byakemurwaga mu bwumvikane, abakoloni ni bo batuzaniye ibyo guhora mu nkiko. Ubundi umuntu yananirwaga kumvikana mu rwego rw’umuryango, bakajya ku Mutware byananirana bakajya ku Mwami. Ibibazo hafi ya byose byakemurwaga mu bwumvikane. Ntitubona impamvu bitakomeza tukava muri uyu muco mushya wo guhora mu nkiko.

Hari ikibazo ko no mu mashuri yacu batwigisha kuburana, nk’abanyamategeko bakatwumvisha ko gutera imbere ari ugutsinda urubanza mu rukiko. Ibyo rero dukwiriye kongera kubisubiraho.

Amategeko ntabeho ngo abantu bashwane burundu, ntibazongere kuvugana ahubwo abeho kugira ngo abantu bakemure ibibazo byabo.

Hashize iminsi imibare ya gatanya mu Rwanda yiyongera, mubona biterwa n’iki?

Prof Rugege: Hari impamvu zituma abantu batandukana cyangwa bemererwa gutandukana zirimo nk’ubusambanyi, guhoza ku nkeke uwo mwashakanye, guhohotera uwo mwashakanye, guta urugo hagashira amezi 12 cyangwa kutabana hagashira imyaka ibiri.

Kuri ibyo nta cyahindutse cyatuma abantu boroherezwa mu gukora gatanya. Ahubwo ngira ngo icyahindutse ni imibanire y’abantu muri iyi minsi bijyanye n’iterambere.

Gutera imbere kw’abagore haba mu mashuri, mu mirimo, haba mu rwego rw’ubucuruzi, bituma babona amafaranga yababeshaho. Ndibwira ko bituma abagabo bagira kwitinya cyangwa impungenge, bakumva badatekanye kubera ko abagore babarusha amashuri, amafaranga cyangwa bafite imirimo iri ku rwego rwo hejuru kurusha iyabo.

Uko kudatekana gutuma haba kutumvikana, hakaba amakimbirane ashobora gutuma umwe ahohotera undi, hakaba gatanya.

Abagore na bo bamenye uburenganzira bwabo, ko batagomba gukomeza kubana n’ababahohotera, ko bashobora kwibeshaho nta mugabo. Ibyo kera ntibyabagaho. Ubundi umuco wasaga nk’aho ubahatira kuguma mu rugo kubera abana, kubera isura y’umuryango ariko abagore batangiye kumenya ko atari byo, ko afite uburenganzira bwo kwiteza imbere no gukora ibyo bashoboye bateza imbere igihugu.

Imyumvire igomba guhinduka haba iy’abagabo n’ababyeyi kugira ngo bamenye ko muri iki gihe umugore atasigara inyuuma, agomba gukora ibyo ashoboye agateza igihugu imbere.

Prof Sam Rugege yavuze ko gatanya zongerwa ahanini no kutumva neza ihame ry’uburinganire biteza ibibazo mu miryango

Kuba inkiko zitanga gatanya nyinshi, ntibyaba bivuze gutsindwa k’ubuhuza n’umuryango?

Prof Rugege: Ikibazo si ugutsindwa k’ubuhuza ahubwo wenda imishyikirano yo guhuza no kugira ngo abashakanye bongere batekereze ku bya gatanya, ntibikorwa nk’uko byagakozwe.

Itegeko rivuga ko umucamanza mbere y’uko ajya mu rubanza rw’ubutane agomba kubanza guhuza abashakanye, akabashishikariza kongera kubisuzuma kugira ngo bongere babane. Abaha amezi atatu ngo bongere babitekerezeho ariko abacamanza ntabwo babihuguriwe cyane cyane abo mu nkiko z’ibanze n’izisumbuye.

Bimaze kuba nk’umuhango, abantu baraza bati ’tugende mu rukiko tuvugane n’umucamanza baduhe amezi atatu, twongere tugaruke baduhe gatanya’. Ntabwo bifasha.

Ndibwira ko bakwiriye kongera gusuzuma iryo tegeko noneho umucamanza akabohereza mu bajyanama (counselors) babyigiye cyangwa mu bahuza.

Abo bantu bakwiriye gufashwa kurangiza ikibazo cyabo mu bwumvikane, byaba ari ukubaha gatanya bakayibaha ari uko bumvikanye ku ngingo zose zirimo uko abana bazarerwa, uko bazagabanya imitungo, uko bazakomeza gusura abana. Numva aribyo byafasha kurusha ubu buryo bwabaye nk’ihame bwo kujya ku mucamanza nyuma y’amezi atatu bakagaruka.

Hari imbaraga zashyizwe mu guhashya ruswa mu nkiko, nyamara ntibicika burundu. Mukurikije ibimaze gukorwa n’inzego bireba, ni he hakenewe izindi mbaraga?

Prof Rugege: U Rwanda rugerageza cyane guhashya icyaha cya ruswa harimo n’inzego z’ubutabera. Ntacyo batakoze kugira ngo barandure ruswa ariko birakomeza. Gusa wibuke ko atari abacamanza gusa cyangwa abashinjacyaha bafite icyo kibazo, ahubwo abayitanga nabo ni ikibazo.

Ingamba ziriho ndabona nta kibazo kirimo ahubwo ni ugukomeza gushishikariza abantu kudatanga ruswa. Hari abatanga ruswa y’ubwoko bubiri, hari abayitanga ari uko bazi ko bari mu makosa bazi ko badashobora gutsinda badashatse inzira za ruswa, hari abayitanga kubera ko babona inzira zaragoranye imanza ziratinda.

Nibyo twavugaga by’ubuhuza, abantu bakwiriye gusobanukirwa ko mu buhuza aribo bifatira ibyemezo. Ntawe uzajya gutanga ruswa ngo urubanza rurangire. Muba mufite amahirwe angana yo kurangiza icyo kibazo. Niba utishimiye uko ubuhuza buri kugenda ufite uburenganizra bwo kubihagarika ugasubira mu rukiko ariko ni uburyo bwo kurwanya ruswa.

Ni ugukomeza gutanga ibihano bikarishye kugira ngo abatanga ruswa n’abayirya bahanwe by’intangarugero, bamenye ko bidindiza iterambere.

Mu bindi bihugu dukunze kubona impuguke mu mategeko runaka (specialists). Mu Rwanda abenshi ni abiga amategeko mu buryo bwa rusange (générale), habura iki?

Prof Rugege: Nibyo nta mpuguke dufite uko bikenewe ariko amasomo nk’ayo yo kwihugura mu manza nka nshinjabyaha, ibidukikje, amategeko mpuzamahanga, yose arigishwa ku rwego rw’icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza n’icya gatatu.

Ubumenyi barabufite ahubwo kwihugura byihariye akenshi bikorerwa mu kazi. Abajya kwihugura byihariye muri Masters na Phd akenshi baba bashaka kujya kwigisha muri za Kaminuza cyangwa kwandika ibitabo ariko ntabwo aribo bakurikirana izo manza, n’ubundi bijya mu bavoka.

Uburyo bwiza mbona ni uko abavoka bacu bagira urwego runaka bihuguramo by’umwihariko, bagashinga ibigo (Cabinet d’avocat) ireba ibintu runaka nk’amasosiyete y’ubucuruzi, Cabinet d’avocat ireba iby’imiryango, iy’iby’imanza nshinjacyabaha.

Uko nabibonye mu nkiko, umwavoka aza kuburana urubanza nshinjabyaha umunsi umwe, uwo munsi akaba afite urubanza rw’ubucuruzi, yavayo akajya mu rubanza rw’umuryango mu izungura. Ntabwo byakunda gukora ibintu byose ngo ubikore neza nkuko bikwiye.

Ni iki igihugu gihomba kuba kidafite impuguke zihariye mu mategeko zihagije?

Prof Rugege: Usanga nk’iyo habaye urubanza rukomeye igihugu cyifashisha inzobere zo hanze, ugasanga mu gutegura amategeko yihariye urugero nk’ajyanye n’ikoranabuhanga, ugasanga ugomba gushaka inzobere yo hanze ngo aritegure kandi byashoboraga gukorerwa mu gihugu. Bigatuma dutanga amafaranga menshi bigatera igihombo.

Hari n’abacuruzi baba bafite amasezerano n’abandi bacuruzi bo hanze, bakagira imanza hanyuma byagera mu kuburana bakarusha [abo mu Rwanda]. Mu bihugu byateye imbere bafite izo nzobere. Ukisanga uraburana n’umuntu ukora gusa mu bijyanye n’amategeko mpuzamahanga cyangwa amategeko y’ibigo by’ubucuruzi, ukaburana n’umuntu ukurusha cyane. Ni igihombo ku gihugu.

Imyaka ibiri irashize mugiye mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru, mu gihe mutari mu mirimo y’ubuhuza, muba muhugiye mu biki?

Prof Rugege: Mfata umwanya wo kuruhuka ariko kandi nemerewe no gufasha ibigo, kubakorera inyigo ku bibazo bitandukanye, kujya mu nama, kungurana ibitekerezo ku bibazo ibi n’ibi cyangwa se kuvugurura imikorere, amategeko n’ibindi.

Ni ukugira ngo ubwenge bukomeze gukora no gukomeza gushaka icyo umuntu yakora.

Prof Sam Rugege yagaragaje ko ubuhuza ari bwo buryo bwiza bwo kugabanya ubwinshi bw’imanza zijya mu nkiko

Ibihugu bicumbikiye abakekwaho Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi birasabwa kubafatira ingamba

Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga w’u Rwanda, Dr Faustin Nteziryayo witabiriye iyo nama mpuzamahanga izamara iminsi ibiri yatangiye ku wa Gatatu tariki 17 Ugushyingo 2021, ari mu basabye ibihugu bicumbikiye abakekwaho ibyaha bya Jenoside kubafatira ingamba.

Dr Nteziryayo avuga ko barimo gusaba ibihugu bitandukanye byo ku isi kureba uko byakohereza mu Rwanda abakurikiranyweho ibyaha bya Jenoside, byaba bidashobotse bakaburanishwa n’inkiko z’ibyo bihugu cyangwa bakoherezwa mu Rwego rwasigaranye imirimo y’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda.

Dr Nteziryayo agira ati “Ni inama mpuzamahanga yitabiriwe n’abantu benshi baturutse imihanda yose, kandi kubera ikoranabuhanga ikaba irimo kwitabirwa n’abari ku isi yose. Ni ubukangurambaga bwo kugira ngo abantu babyumve, noneho n’abagiseta ibirenge iyo babyumvise bashobora gutanga ubufasha”.

Ambasaderi w’u Bubiligi mu Rwanda, Bert Versmessen na we wari mu bashyitsi bakuru muri iyo nama, avuga ko inzego zitandukanye z’igihugu cye hari ibyo zirimo gukora, kugira ngo abakorewe Jenoside bahabwe ubutabera.

Bert yagize ati “Dufatanyije n’ibihugu bya Argentine, Mongolie, u Buholandi, Senegal na Siloveniya, twatangije umushinga w’amasezerano yo kohererezanya abanyabyaha hamwe n’ubufatanye mu by’ubutabera ku bijyanye n’ibyaha bya Jenoside, ibyibasira inyokomuntu n’iby’intambara. Byatumye dutegura inama mpuzamahanga izaba mu mwaka utaha muri Gicurasi na Kamena mu gihugu cya Siloveniya, ubwo rero n’u Rwanda ruratumiwe”.

I Kigali hateraniye Inama mpuzamahanga ku bijyanye na Jenoside

Minisiteri y’Ubutabera (MINIJUST) ivuga ko kuva mu mwaka wa 1998 kugera ubu, u Rwanda rumaze koherereza ibihugu 38 byo hirya no hino ku isi, impapuro zita muri yombi abantu 1,149 bakekwaho ibyaha bya Jenoside.

Umuyobozi w’Ishami rya MINIJUST rishinzwe ubutabera mpuzamahanga n’ubufatanye mu by’amategeko, Umurungi Providence akomeza avuga ko muri abo bose, abamaze koherezwa mu Rwanda ari 22 hamwe n’abaciriwe imanza n’ibihugu barimo batarenga 21.

Umurungi avuga ko Umugabane wa Afurika ari wo ucumbikiye benshi mu bakurikiranyweho ibyaha bya Jenoside barenga 900, kandi bakaba ngo biganje mu bihugu bituranye n’u Rwanda.

Umuryango w’Ababiligi uharanira ubutabera mu Rwanda RCN Justice&Democratie wateguye iyi nama mpuzamahanga kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, uvuga ko mu myaka 25 umaze ukorera mu Rwanda wahaye Leta amakuru ajyanye n’abashakishwa bakurikiranyweho ibyaha bya Jenoside bari hanze y’Igihugu, kuri ubu ukaba urimo gusoza ibikorwa byawo.

Perezida wa RCN, Eric Gillet, avuga ko Leta y’u Rwanda niyifuza gukomezanya urugendo n’uwo muryango mu guharanira ko abaturage babona ubutabera, utazazuyaza mu kuvugurura amasezerano.

Abayobozi b’inzego z’ubucamanza mu Rwanda hamwe n’Imiryango mpuzamahanga yagize uruhare mu gutanga ubutabera nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

Mu biganiro bikorwa n’abateraniye i Kigali, abandi bakaba babikurikiranye hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga, u Rwanda rwaboneyeho kugaragaza ko iyo rutagira Inkiko Gacaca nta buryo imanza z’abaregwaga gukora Jenoside bageraga ku bihumbi 120 zari kuzaburanishwa.