Umujyi wa Phnom Penh, ni umurwa mukuru w'Ubwami bwa Cambodia, ni wo watoranyijwe kwakira inama ya 20 y'Umuryango w'ibihugu bikoresha Igifaransa (OIF), iteganyijwe ku wa 15 n'uwa 16 Ugushyingo 2026. Ni inama ihuza abakuru b'ibihugu na za guverinoma zo mu muryango ugizwe n'ibihugu na za guverinoma 90.
Uretse kuba ari umujyi ufite akamaro gakomeye mu bya politiki, ubukungu na dipolomasi bya Cambodia, Phnom Penh ifite amateka akomeye, inyubako zidasanzwe, imico n'ahantu nyaburanga hakurura ba mukerarugendo baturutse hirya no hino ku Isi.
Dore ibintu birindwi by'ingenzi kandi bishobora gutangaza benshi kuri uyu mujyi uri kwakira abayobozi batandukanye baturutse mu bihugu bikoresha igifaransa.
1. Ni umujyi wubatse ku ihuriro ry'inzuzi eshatu zikomeye
Kimwe mu bintu bidasanzwe biranga Phnom Penh ni uko iherereye ahahurira inzuzi eshatu zikomeye zo muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba arizo Mekong, Tonlé Sap na Bassac.
Aho izi nzuzi zihurira hazwi nka Chaktomuk, izina risobanura mu rurimi rw'Abakhmer ahantu h'amaso ane cyangwa impande enye. Iyi miterere y'aho umujyi uherereye yagize uruhare mu iterambere ry'ubucuruzi, ubwikorezi n'imibereho y'abawutuye.
Umugezi wa Tonlé Sap na wo ufite umwihariko wo guhindura icyerekezo cy'amazi bitewe n'ibihe by'imvura n'ubwinshi bw'amazi ava muri Mekong.
2. Izina Phnom Penh rikomoka ku mugore witwaga Penh
Phnom Penh ni izina rifite inkomoko mu nkuru y'umugore witwaga Daun Penh, uzwi kandi nka Grandma Penh.
Amateka akunze kuvugwa avuga ko mu kinyejana cya 14, uyu mugore yaba yarabonye ibishusho bya Buda bitwawe n'amazi y'umugezi wa Mekong, akabikura mu mazi akabishyira ku gasozi yari atuyeho, nyuma hakubakwa urusengero.
Uwo musozi waje kwitwa Wat Phnom, bisobanura umusozi w'urusengero. Izina Phnom Penh ryaje guhuzwa n'uyu mugore n'ahantu hubatswe urwo rusengero.
Wat Phnom, yubatswe mu 1373, ni hamwe mu hantu hafite amateka akomeye muri uyu mujyi.
3. Ni umurwa mukuru ufite amateka y'ubukoloni bw'u Bufaransa
Phnom Penh ni umwe mu mijyi yo muri Aziya igaragaramo cyane uruhurirane rw'ubwubatsi bw'Abafaransa n'ubw'Abakhmer.
Cambodia yabaye mu bihugu byagenzurwaga n'u Bufaransa, kandi ibyo byasize ibimenyetso mu myubakire y'uyu mujyi, cyane cyane mu nyubako za kera, imihanda yagutse n'inyubako z'ubuyobozi.
Mu 1866, ku ngoma y'Umwami Norodom, Phnom Penh yagizwe umurwa mukuru wa Cambodia, yimurirwamo ubuyobozi bw'ubwami buvuye i Oudong.
Ibi byatumye iba ihuriro rikomeye ry'ubutegetsi, ubucuruzi n'umuco by'igihugu.
4. Harimo Ingoro y'Umwami n'urusengero rwubatswe mu makaro y'ifeza
Silver Pagoda yahawe iryo zina kubera amakaro y'ifeza ari hasi muri yo, aho bivugwa ko hari agera ku 5,000, buri rimwe ripima hafi ikiro kimwe.
Iyi ngoro n'urusengero birimo ibihangano by'ubukorikori, ibishushanyo bya Buda n'ibindi bimenyetso by'amateka n'umuco by'ubwami bwa Cambodia.
Ni hamwe mu hantu hasurwa cyane n'abakerarugendo bashaka kumenya amateka y'ubwami n'umuco w'Abakhmer.
5. Ni umujyi ufite amateka akomeye y'ubwicanyi bwabaye ku ngoma ya Khmer Rouge
Phnom Penh ifite n'uruhande rw'amateka rubabaje cyane, cyane cyane ibihe by'ubutegetsi bwa Khmer Rouge bwari buyobowe na Pol Pot.
Mu 1975, Khmer Rouge yafashe ubutegetsi i Phnom Penh, abaturage bavanwa mu mujyi ku gahato, bajyanwa mu cyaro gukora imirimo y'agahato.
Muri icyo gihe, inyubako yari ishuri yaje guhindurwa gereza y'iyicarubozo izwi nka Tuol Sleng cyangwa S-21. Abantu benshi bahafungiwe, bakorerwa iyicarubozo, abandi bakicwa.
Ahandi hamenyekanye cyane ni Choeung Ek, ahantu hajyanwaga imfungwa zikicwa, hakaba n'imva rusange.
Ibi bibanza byahinduwe inzibutso n'ahigishirizwa amateka kugira ngo ibyabaye bitazibagirana, kandi bizahore bibera abantu isomo ku ngaruka z'urugomo n'ubutegetsi bubi.
6. Ifite amasoko azwiho ubwubatsi budasanzwe n'ubucuruzi bukomeye
Isoko rya Central Market, rizwi nka Psar Thmei, ni rimwe mu masoko azwi cyane. Rifite inyubako idasanzwe yubatswe mu buryo bwa Art Deco, irangwa n'igisenge kinini kimeze nk'umuzenguruko.
Hari kandi isoko rizwi nka Russian Market, aho usanga ibicuruzwa byinshi birimo imyenda, ibikoresho by'ubukorikori n'impano gakondo.
Aya masoko agaragaza uruhare rw'ubucuruzi mu buzima bwa buri munsi bw'abatuye Phnom Penh.
7. Ni umujyi ufite umuco ukomeye wa Budisime n'ibiribwa gakondo
Cambodia ni igihugu gifite umuco wa Budisime, by'umwihariko idini rya Theravada Buddhism, kandi bigaragarira cyane mu mibereho y'abaturage ba Phnom Penh.
Amakuru y'ubukerarugendo ya Cambodia agaragaza ko hafi 90% by'abaturage b'igihugu ari Ababudisime. Mu mujyi usangamo insengero nyinshi, ibishushanyo bya Buda n'ahantu abantu bajya gusengera no gutekereza.
Ku bijyanye n'ibiribwa, Phnom Penh izwi ku mafunguro gakondo arimo Fish Amok, ifunguro rikozwe mu mafi avanze n'amata ya coconuts n'ibirungo, ndetse na Num Banh Chok, ubwoko bw'ubugari bw'umuceri buribwa n'isosi y'imboga.
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