Monaco ni igihugu gito cyane giherereye ku nkombe z'inyanja ya Méditerranée, ku mugabane w'u Burayi kikaba gituwe n'abaturage hagati y'ibihumbi 38 na 38 500, gikikijwe hafi ya hose n'u Bufaransa. Nubwo gifite ubuso bugera kuri kilometero kare 2 gusa, Monaco ni igihugu kigenga gifite amateka maremare, ingoma ya cyami imaze ibinyejana byinshi ndetse n'ubukungu buzwi cyane ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Monaco kizwi cyane kubera Monte-Carlo, Casino de Monte-Carlo, Umuryango wa Grimaldi, Formula 1 Grand Prix, ubukerarugendo buhenze n'ubuzima bw'abakire, ariko inyuma y'ibi byose hari amateka yihariye yatangiye mu bihe bya kera cyane.
Amateka ya Monaco yatangiye kera cyane
Amateka y'aka gace asubira inyuma mu myaka ya cyera cyane. Ubuyobozi bw'Umujyi wa Monaco buvuga ko ibimenyetso bya mbere by'abantu muri aka gace bigera hafi ku myaka 300.000.
Mu kinyejana cya gatandatu mbere ya Yezu Kristu, Abagereki bakomokaga muri Phocaea, ahahoze ari muri Turikiya y'ubu, bashinze muri aka gace ubukoloni bwitwaga Monoïkos. Nyuma Monaco yaje kuba mu bice by'Ingoma ya Roma.
Mu binyejana byakurikiyeho, aka gace kagiye mu maboko y'abategetsi batandukanye, kugeza ubwo mu 1191 Umwami w'Abami w'Ubudage, Henry VI, yahaye umujyi wa Genoa ububasha kuri Monaco.
Nyuma yaho, ku wa 10 Kamena 1215, hatangiye kubakwa igihome ku rutare rwa Monaco. Icyo gihome ni cyo cyaje kugira uruhare rukomeye mu mateka y'igihugu.
Umuryango wa Grimaldi watangiye gutegeka Monaco gute?
Igice gikomeye cyane mu mateka ya Monaco gifitanye isano n'Umuryango wa Grimaldi.
Ku wa 8 Mutarama 1297, François Grimaldi uzwi ku izina rya Il Malizia, bisobanuye 'umunyamayeri', yafashe igihome cya Monaco yitwaye nk'umufuransiskani (Abo benshi twita abamonko) kugira ngo ashobore kukinjiramo. Icyo gikorwa cyabaye intangiriro y'ubutegetsi bwa Grimaldi muri Monaco.
Kuva icyo gihe, nubwo Monaco yanyuze mu bihe bitandukanye by'amakimbirane n'impinduka za politiki, Ingoma ya Grimaldi yakomeje kuba igice cy'ingenzi mu mateka y'igihugu.
Mu kinyejana cya 14, Charles Grimaldi yagize uruhare mu kwagura ubutegetsi bwa Monaco, ndetse afata n'ubutegetsi kuri Menton na Roquebrune.
Monaco yigeze gutegekwa n'u Bufaransa
Nubwo Monaco ifite amateka maremare yo kwigenga, ntiyigeze ihora iri mu buryo bumwe.
Mu gihe cy' impinduramatwara y'u Bufaransa, Monaco yaje kwigarurirwa n'u Bufaransa mu 1793. Nyuma y'iherezo ry'Ingoma ya Napoleon, Monaco yongeye kubona ubusugire bwayo mu 1814, kandi ibyo byongeye gushimangirwa n'Amasezerano ya Vienna yo mu 1815.
Nyuma yaho, Monaco yagiranye umubano wihariye n'ubutegetsi bwa Piedmont-Sardinia, mbere y'uko mu 1861 u Bufaransa buza kugira uruhare rukomeye mu mutekano w'iki gihugu.
Monte-Carlo yahinduye ubukungu bwa Monaco
Kimwe mu bintu byahinduye amateka ya Monaco cyane ni iterambere rya Monte-Carlo.
Mu kinyejana cya 19, Monaco yatangiye gushora imbaraga mu bukerarugendo n'imyidagaduro. Kubakwa no gutezwa imbere kwa Casino de Monte-Carlo byagize uruhare runini mu guhindura igihugu ahantu hakurura abakire n'abakerarugendo baturuka hirya no hino ku Isi.
Iterambere rya casino, amahoteli n'ibindi bikorwa by'imyidagaduro ryihutishije ubukungu bwa Monaco. Uko umuhanda wa gari ya moshi waganaga i Nice na Ventimiglia wagiye utera imbere, umubare w'abasuraga Monaco nawo wariyongereye.
Uyu munsi, Casino de Monte-Carlo ikomeje kuba kimwe mu bimenyetso bizwi cyane bya Monaco, hamwe n'ubwubatsi bwa Belle Époque bwakozwe n'umwubatsi Charles Garnier.
Monaco yahindutse ubwami bugendera ku Itegeko Nshinga
Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, Monaco yatangiye guhindura imikorere y'inzego za Leta.
Ku wa 5 Mutarama 1911, Monaco yabonye Itegeko Nshinga rya mbere, ryahinduye imiterere y'igihugu kivuye ku bwami bwari bufite ububasha bwinshi bugana ku bwami bugendera ku Itegeko Nshinga. Iryo Tegeko Nshinga ryashyizeho uburyo bwo kugabana ububasha mu bijyanye n'amategeko hagati y'Umwami n'Inama y'Igihugu.
Nyuma, ku wa 17 Ukuboza 1962, Monaco yabonye irindi Tegeko Nshinga ryaje kuvugururwa mu 2002. Iri ni ryo shingiro ry'imikorere y'inzego z'igihugu kugeza ubu.
Itegeko Nshinga risobanura Monaco nk'igihugu kigenga kandi gifite ubusugire, ndetse rigashyiraho uburyo bw'ubutegetsi bw'ingoma ya cyami ishingiye ku Itegeko Nshinga.
Prince Rainier III na Grace Kelly bafashije Monaco kumenyekana cyane
Iyo bavuga amateka ya Monaco yo mu kinyejana cya 20, ntibashobora kwirengagiza Prince Rainier III na Grace Kelly.
Rainier III yabaye Umwami wa Monaco kuva mu 1949 kugeza mu 2005. Mu 1956, yashakanye n'umukinnyi wa filime w'Umunyamerika Grace Kelly, ubukwe bwabo bukaba bwarakurikiwe cyane n'itangazamakuru mpuzamahanga.
Ubwo bukwe bwagize uruhare mu kongera kumenyekanisha Monaco ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Katedrali ya Monaco, aho ubukwe bwabereye, ubu ni hamwe mu hantu hasurwa cyane n'abakerarugendo.
Monaco ni igihugu gito cyane ariko gifite ubusugire bwacyo
Kimwe mu bintu bitangaje kuri Monaco ni ingano y'iki gihugu.
Ni kimwe mu bihugu bito cyane ku Isi, gifite ubuso bugera kuri 2.02 km². Ni igihugu kigizwe n'umujyi umwe, kandi kiri ku nkombe z'inyanja ya Méditerranée, mu gihe ku butaka gikikijwe n'u Bufaransa.
Nubwo ari gito, Monaco ni igihugu cyigenga. Itegeko Nshinga ryacyo rigaragaza ko ari igihugu kigenga kandi gifite ubusugire, mu gihe gifitanye amasezerano yihariye n'u Bufaransa.
Ubuso buto butuma Monaco iba mu bihugu bifite ubucucike bw'abaturage buri hejuru cyane ku Isi. Kubera ko ubutaka ari buto cyane kandi hakaba hakenewe amazu menshi, hoteli, ibikorwa by'ubucuruzi n'ibindi bikorwa remezo, Monaco yagiye ikoresha n'uburyo bwo kongera ubutaka mu nyanja.
Raporo y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ivuga ko hafi 0.40 km² by'ubuso bwa Monaco byongerewe hifashishijwe ibikorwa byo kugarura ubutaka mu nyanja mu myaka ishize.
Monaco yubatse izina rikomeye nk'ahantu h'abakire n'abashoramari, cyane cyane kubera ubukerarugendo bwo ku rwego rwo hejuru, amahoteli, ibyambu by'amato ahenze, imyidagaduro n'ibikorwa by'imari.
Guverinoma ya Monaco ubwayo ivuga ko ubukerarugendo bw'akataraboneka ari kimwe mu by'ingenzi igihugu cyibandaho mu gukomeza ubukungu n'ubwiza bwacyo ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Ikindi kimenyetso gikomeye cya Monaco ni Monaco Grand Prix, isiganwa rya Formula 1 rikorwa mu mihanda yo muri iki gihugu.
Bitandukanye n'amasiganwa menshi akorerwa ku bibuga byabugenewe, Monaco izwi cyane kubera ko imodoka zisiganwa mu mihanda yo mu mujyi, ahantu hafunganye kandi huzuyemo imirongo n'amakoni azwi cyane.
Ibi byatumye Monaco ihuza ibintu bitatu bikomeye: amateka, ubukire n'imikino yo ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
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