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Papa Francis

Iryo tangazo rivuga ko ibyo bitangazamakuru byatwerereye Papa Francis ibyo atigeze avuga kuri abo babana bahuje ibitsina.

Ubuyobozi bwa Kiliziya Gatolika mu Rwanda buvuga ko mu bamamaza izo mpuha hashobora kuba harimo abataramwumvise neza, abasemuye nabi mu ndimi zitandukanye, cyangwa se hakaba n’ababikoze nkana bagambiriye kuyobya abakirisitu no kumuvugisha ibyo bo bifuza ku mpamvu zabo bwite zidafitanye isano n’ukwemera gatolika.

Iryo tangazo riti “Ikibigaragaza ku buryo budasubirwaho ni ukuntu bakomatanyirije hamwe ibyo yavuze kuri iyo ngingo y’ababana bahuje igitsina mu bihe bitandukanye n’ahantu hanyuranye ndetse n’ibyo mu gihe yari ataraba Papa nk’aho byaba bikubiye mu kiganiro kimwe rukumbi.”

Itangazo rikomeza rigira riti “Papa Francis ntashyigikiye na busa abagabo babiri cyangwa abagore babiri babana nk’umugabo n’umugore kuko binyuranyije na kamere muntu, bikaba bihabanye n’amahame ya Kiliziya Gatolika, ndetse bitabasha kungura umuryango mugari w’abantu haba mu burumbuke cyangwa mu ihirwe nyaryo umutima wa muntu wifuza.”

“Bene ayo mahitamo ni icyaha Kiliziya Gatolika itahwemye kwamagana. Icyakora Imana ntitererana abanyabyaha. Icyo Papa Francis avuganiraho ababana bahuje igitsina ni uburenganzira bwo kubaho mu miryango yabo bavukamo ntibahozwe ku nkeke. Ikindi ni ukubaba hafi no kubafasha nk’abanyantege nke nyine mu guhindura imyitwarire no kunganirwa mu kuri n’urukundo.”

Kiliziya Gatolika isaba abayoboke bayo kuba maso no gukomera ku kwemera kwabo no kudacibwa intege na bene ayo makuru akwirakwizwa nyamara atari ukuri.

Dr. Ndayambaje Irénée uyobora REB asaba ko habaho ubufatanye bw’inzego zitandukanye ndetse n’ababyeyi mu gusubiza abana ku ishuri

Valerie Nyirabazayire wo mu Karere ka Musanze, yagize ati: “Umukobwa wanjye yari agize imyaka 16, yari ageze mu wa gatatu w’amashuri yisumbuye, ubu yagiye i Kigali afite aho arera umwana bakamuhemba. Sinzi ko azankundira gusubira ku ishuri, kuko ubu abona amafaranga bamuha ari bwo buzima bwe”.

Mu turere dukora ubuhinzi bw’icyayi, abana bamwe bagiye bajya gukora ibiraka mu mirima y’icyayi, kuri ubu bamenyereye gukorera amafaranga. Havugimana Jean Damascene, umuturage wo mu Karere ka Rusizi yagize ati: “Hano muri Gisakura abana bafite nk’imyaka 12 kuzamura bagiye babona ibiraka mu mirima y’icyayi. Mbona wenda kuko batigaga ntacyo byari bitwaye, kuko hari ubwo biba ngombwa ko bunganira ababyeyi, ikibazo ni ukuzabavana mu cyayi ngo ubasubije mu ishuri. Aha bizasaba imbaraga za Leta”.

Umuyobozi w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Uburezi (REB), Ndayambaje Irénée, yabwiye Kigali Today ko ikibazo cy’abana bagiye bajya mu mirimo inyuranye muri iki gihe cya Covid-19 bakizi, ariko ko hari ingamba zo kugira ngo bose bazasubire kwiga, mu gihe ibyiciro by’amashuri yabo bizaba bitangiye.

Agira ati “Twese nka MINEDUC ndetse n’abafatanyabikorwa n’abandi baturage barabibona, hari abana bari hirya no hino mu mirimo inyuranye, ibi bikaba byaratewe n’uko abanyeshuri bamaze igihe kinini bari mu rugo, kubera Covid-19. Icyo twifuza ni uko mu gihe amashuri azaba atangiye, bose bagaruka bakiga”.

Yakomeje avuga ko bisaba imbaraga kugira ngo umwana watangiye gukorera amafaranga yongere agire umutima wo gusubira mu ishuri. Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Uburezi (REB) cyatangiye ubukangurambaga, aho bashishikariza abafatanyabikorwa mu burezi, abayobozi mu nzego zinyuranye, ibitangazamakuru n’ababyeyi, gufatanya muri iki gikorwa, bamenyekanisha ingengabihe y’amashuri yatanzwe, kugira ngo uwo bireba wese abyubahirize.

Avuga ko abarimu bo bamaze kwitegura itangira ry’amashuri, bareba uburyo bazasubiza abana ku gipimo bakwiye kuba bariho, cyane ko n’ubundi abana bose baba basanzwe batari ku kigero kimwe, mwalimu aba afite uko afasha buri mwana.

Ibi bazabifashwamo n’ubumenyi bafite bize mu ishuri nderabarezi, ndetse n’amahugurwa REB n’abafatanyabikorwa bazakomeza kubaha ku bijyanye no kugarura ku murongo abana bari bamaze igihe batiga (Remedial Strategies), kandi ntawe utaye umwanya.

Ku babyeyi bagiye bashora abana babo mu mirimo kubera amaburakindi, Ndayambaje uyobora REB yabasabye ko batagurana amafaranga make abana babaha n’ishuri rizababeshaho ubuzima bwose.

Yagize ati: “Kwiga ni uburenganzira bw’umwana. Amafaranga make cyane umwana yazana uyu munsi, yazikuba inshuro nyinshi mu gihe yaba yararangije kwiga, yinjira ku isoko ry’umurimo ashobora guhangana kugera ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Ababyeyi bazigomwe nk’uko basanzwe babigenza, ariko barebe kure h’abana babo”.

Mbere ya Covid-19, abana bagera kuri 98% by’abana bagomba kwiga, bari bari mu mashuri. Gusa ngo kubera Covid-19, abana bata ishuri bashobora kuziyongera, Minisiteri y’Uburezi ikazamenya neza ikigero cyabo mu gihe abanyeshuri bose bazaba bamaze kugera ku ishuri.

Reba HANO ingengabihe y’uko amashuri azatangira.

Inkuru bijyanye:

MINEDUC yatangaje uko ingendo zo gusubira ku ishuri ku biga bacumbikirwa zizakurikirana

Bamwe mu bakora ubukwe mu Rwanda bavuga ko bakase uwo mutsima w’ubukwe, kuko n’abandi babukoze mbere yabo bawukase, ku buryo batanibazaga icyo bivuze cyangwa aho byakomotse.

Uwitwa Ndugu avuga ko yakoze ubukwe mu mwaka wa 2005, kandi umutsima w’ubukwe yarawukase n’ubwo atabanje kwibaza icyo bivuze.

Yagize ati “Nakunze kubona abakora ubukwe bakata bene iyo mitsima, nanjye ngezweho ndawukata, ubwo wenda iyo nsanga bakata n’ibijumba ni cyo mba narakase simbizi, gusa sinakubeshya ngo nzi icyo bivuze”.

Uwitwa Mukamisha Ange, we yagize ati “Twakoze ubukwe dukata uwo mutsima twumva ari ukwizihiza ibirori gusa, ariko bakanatubwira ko ubwo, gukata uwo mutsima ari ukwereka abazaza mu rugo rwacu, mbese ngo tukerekana uko tuzajya tubakira”.

Gukata umutsima mu birori byavuye he?

Ku rubuga rwa Interineti https://www.lesaviezvous.net, bavuga ko ubu iyo bavuze ibirori hari abahita bumva ko hari umutsima ugomba gukatwa byanze bikunze. Ubundi rero uwo mutsima ukatwa ku munsi w’isabukuru y’amavuko, ngo wahereye mu Bugiriki mu gihe cya kera.

Abagiriki ngo bakataga uwo mutsima wakorwaga mu ifu y’ingano bakongeraho n’ubuki, bakawurya bizihiza isabukuru y’ikigirwamana cyitwa ‘Artémis’, iyo ikaba yari imana y’ingore ihagarariye ukwezi n’ibijyanye no guhiga (la déesse de la lune et de la chasse).

Icyo gihe bakoraga umutsima ujya kumera nk’uruziga, bagereranya n’uko ukwezi kumeze, bagashinga za buji, zishushanya urumuri rw’ukwezi, nyuma bagapfukama bagasenga mbere yo kuzimya izo buji zabaga ziri ku mutsima ugiye gukatwa. Ni yo mpamvu ubu, muri iki gihe ngo hari ababanza kuvuga icyo bifuza mu mwaka batangiye mbere yo kuzimya buji ziba zishinze ku mitsima bateguriwe gukata mu gihe bizihiza ibirori by’isabukuru.

Ku rubuga https://quizotresor.com, bavuga ko ibyo kwizihiza ibirori ngarukamwaka bizwi nka ‘anniversaire’ byatangiriye mu Misiri, bitangira byizihizwa n’Abami bo muri icyo gihugu(les pharaons), ariko ntibizihizaga umunsi bavutseho, ahubwo bizihizaga itariki bimiye ingoma, icyo gihe hagatambwa ibitambo.

Abagiriki n’Abaromani bo mu gihe cya kera ngo batekerezaga ko buri muntu agira umwuka uba umuriho umurinda (Esprit protecteur), uwo mwuka ukaba ugendana na we kuva avutse kugeza apfuye. Uwo mwuka urinda umuntu rero, ngo wakoranaga n’imana igira isabukuru ihura n’isabukuru y’uwo muntu. Ni aho hakomoka imyizerere iriho na n’ubu, ukumva bavuga ko umuntu agira malayika murinzi (Ange-Gardien ou de Saint-Patron).

Kuri urwo rubuga bavuga ko Abagiriki bagiraga iyo migenzo yo gutegura imitsima ikozwe mu buryo bw’uruziga bayiteguriye ikigirwamana cyitwa ‘Artémis’, nyuma abakirisitu baza kwanga iyo migenzo bavuga ko ari iya gipagani, mu kinyejana cya cumi na gatatu, imitsima yo kwizihiza isabukuru y’amavuko ishinzeho na za buji zaka yongeye kugaragara cyane mu Budage (kinderfeste).

Ku rubuga https://www.fnp.ae/blog , bavuga ko ibyo gukata imitsima mu birori by’isabukuru y’amavuko bimaze igihe bitangiye kuko byazanywe n’abakora ibintu bitandukanye mu ifarini bo mu Budage mu kinyejana cya cumi na gatanu, ubwo batangiraga gukorera abakiriya babo imitsima yo gukoresha ku minsi mikuru y’amavuko, bitangira guhindura ibyo bari barishyizemo ko imitsima nk’iyo ikoreshwa mu bukwe gusa.

Ubundi ngo byari bimenyerewe ko mu birori by’ubukwe, Abaromani batangaga imitsima ikozwe mu ifarini n’ubunyobwa bakongeramo ubuki kugira ngo ushobore kuryohera.

Ku rubuga https://www.rd.com/article/history-of-wedding-cakes/ bavuga ko umuhango wo gukata umutsima mu bukwe, watangiriye mu Baromani mu gihe cya cyera, nubwo uburyo byakorwagamo icyo gihe bitandukanye n’uko bikorwa ubu.

Imitsima izwi, ndetse igomba kuba ari yo abakora ubukwe bigana muri iki gihe, ngo yatangiye kubaho mu kinyajana cya 17. Icyo gihe, iyo ibirori by’ubukwe byabaga bigiye gusoza, ngo bafata umutsima/cake ukozwe mu ngano bakawumanyagurira ku mutwe w’umugeni bamwifuriza amahirwe no kuzabyara agaheka, bakamwifuriza uburumbuke, nyuma umugabo n’umugore basezeranye, ngo baryaga utumanyu dukeya tw’uwo mutsima, bagaragaza ko icyo ari cyo gikorwa cya mbere bakoze bagihuriyeho nk’abashakanye.

Iyo abageni babaga bamaze kurya kuri uwo mu mutsima, n’abashyitsi baje mu bukwe bwabo baryaga utumanyu tw’uwo mutsima dusigaye mu rwego rwo kwifuriza abageni kuzahirwa mu rugo rwabo. Hari n’abageni ngo bategerezaga kugera mu rugo rwabo rushya, bakabona gukora umuhango ujyana n’uwo mutsima w’ubukwe (wedding cake), umugeni yawurumagaho usigaye akawivungagurira ku mutwe akawutondekaho nk’indabo, kugira ngo we n’umugabo we bazabone ibyo bazifuza mu buzima byose.

Uko iminsi yagiye ishira, imitsima ikatwa mu bukwe, yatangiye guhenduka ugereranyije na mbere kuko yabonekaga mu miryango ikomeye ifite ahabugenewe ho kuyitekera (ifuru). Uko guhenduka kwajyanaga no guhindura uko bakora iyo mitsima, batangira kujya basigaho ibintu bisa n’ibiyifunitse ariko na byo biribwa(crème), gusa icyo gihe nko mu Bwongereza, ngo umutsima w’ubukwe wasigwagaho ibara ry’umweru gusa bisobanura ko umugeni ari isugi, ariko ku rundi ruhande, rikanagaragaza uko umuryango uhagaze mu bijyanye n’ubukungu.

Ku rubuga https://www.lecourrierdusud.ca bavuga ko umutsima w’ubukwe ukatwa n’ab’ubu, ufite inkomoko mu Bugiriki bwa kera (Grèce antique). Muri icyo gihe ngo abatumiwe mu bukwe bafataga umugati bakawumanyurira hejuru y’abageni babifuriza ibyishimo n’umunezero ndetse n’uburumbuke.

Byagendaga bihinduka uko imyaka itambuka. Muri ibyo bihe byo hambere (Moyen Âge) igikorwa cyo gukata umutsima w’ubukwe cyafatwaga nk’aho ari cyo gikorwa cyane mbere umugabo n’umugore bakoze bagihuriyeho nk’abasezeranye byemewe n’amategeko. Mu gihe cyo gukata umutsima, ikiganza cy’umugabo cyagombaga gufata ku cy’umugore we nk’ikimenyetso cy’uburumbuke no kumurinda (protection).

Ku rubuga http://www.les-colonnades.com, bavuga ku gisobanuro cyo gukata umutsima mu bukwe mu bihugu bitandukanye. Mu gihe cy’Abaromani ngo bamanyuriraga umugati hejuru y’umugeni nk’ikimenyetso ko atakaje ubusugi, ariko banamwifuriza kuzabyara agaheka.

Mu Bufaransa, mu myaka ya kera bo batondekaga iyo mitsima,uko igenda izamuka bikaba bisobanura uko ibyishimo by’urwo rugo rushya bizangana. Uko gukora imitsima ikoze ikintu gisa n’inzu igerekeranye (etage) byahise bikwira mu bihugu byinshi mu kinyejana cya 19.

Muri Madagascar, kugeza mu kinyejana cya 19, umutsima w’ubukwe witwa ‘Koba’, wakatwaga mu rwego rwo kwifuriza abasezeranye kuzahirwa. Mu by’ivugabutumwa byari bimaze kwamamara cyane kuri icyo kirwa, batangiye kujya bakoresha imitsima igerekeranye ari irindwi bifite icyo bisobanuye mu myemerere, kandi bikanajyana n’umuco wa ‘malagasy’ wo muri icyo gihugu.

Iyo igihe cyo gukata uwo mutsima cyageraga, umugeni agakata wenyine, byabaga bisobanuye ko atakaje ubusugi, mu gihe gukata bafatanyije byagaragazaga igikorwa cya mbere bakoze bombi nk’abashakanye no kugaragaza uko bazafatanya mu kuyobora urugo rwabo.

Batwaye ibiti byo gutera

Iki gikorwa cyabereye mu Murenge wa Huye, Akagari ka Sovu, Umudugudu wa Kabagendera.

Fabrice Bagaruka ukuriye DASSO mu Karere ka Huye, avuga ko batekereje kwifatanya n’abaturage muri iki gikorwa kuko iki gihe ari icyo gutera ibiti, ariko na none ngo bwari uburyo bwo kwifatanya n’abaturage mu bikorwa bibafitiye akamaro.

Anavuga ko atari ubwa mbere bakora bene ibi bikorwa bigamije ubufatanye no guteza imbere imibereho myiza y’abaturage.

Bifatanyije n’abatuye mu Murenge wa Huye mu gikorwa cyo gutera ibiti bivangwa n’imyaka

Ati “Mu gihe cy’imyaka 6 urwego DASSO rumaze rukora, hari n’ibindi bikorwa twakoze harimo kugabira amatungo abaturage, gutanga mituweli kuri bamwe mu batarabashaga kuzigurira no gukora imiganda itandukanye ku nyubako zubakirwa abatishoboye.”

Mituweli bayitanze mu Murenge wa Maraba ku baturage 15. Amatungo bagabye ni ihene 11 mu Murenge wa Mukura, naho imiganda ku nyubako bagenda bayikora hirya no hino mu Karere ka Huye.

DASSO Fabrice Bagaruka anavuga ko bene ibi bikorwa bihuza DASSO n’abaturage bizakomeza kugira ngo hashimangirwe imikoranire myiza.