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Mu 2017, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yagiranye amasezerano na Sosiyete y’abanyamategeko (Levy, Firestone, Muse) ikorera i Washington DC yo kuyikorera ubushakashatsi ku ruhare rw’u Bufaransa muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Mu gihe cy’imyaka ine, iyo Sosiyete yasesenguye ibimenyetso bitandukanye birimo raporo zakozwe na za Leta, iz’Imiryango Mpuzamahanga, iz’Imiryango itari iya Leta, iz’abashakashatsi, inyandiko zakozwe n’abari bahagarariye ibihugu byabo mu Rwanda n’iz’ibihugu bitandukanye, za filime zakozwe kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, itangazamakuru n’inyandiko bwite z’abantu ku giti cyabo bari mu nzego z’imirimo ikomeye mu bihugu by’amahanga no mu Miryango Mpuzamahanga hagati ya 1990-1994 na nyuma y’iyo myaka.

Abashakashatsi ba Cabinet Levy, Firestone, Muse bumvise abatangabuhamya barenga 250 mu Rwanda no mu mahanga. Ako kazi kavuyemo Raporo yatangajwe ku mugaragaro ku wa 19 Mata 2021. Iby’ingenzi bikubiye muri iyi raporo tubisanga mu ngingo zikurikira:

1. Mbere ya 1990: U Bufaransa bwahaye inkunga Leta y’u Rwanda kandi ikora ubwicanyi ku buryo buzwi no guhohotera uburenganzira bwa muntu

Mu Ukuboza 1962, u Bufaransa bwasinye amasezerano y’Ubufatanye na Leta y’u Rwanda mu nzego za gisivile na gisirikare. Nyuma y’umwaka umwe gusa, Leta y’u Rwanda yakoze ubwicanyi ku Batutsi mu Ukuboza 1963; Raporo za Loni zakozwe mu 1964, zagaragaje ko impunzi z’abanyarwanda zahunze ubwicanyi Abatutsi bakorerwaga mu Rwanda guhera mu 1959 zarengaga ibihumbi 300.000 mu Burundi, Uganda, Tanzania na Zaire.

U Bufaransa bwakomeje ubutwererane bwabwo n’u Rwanda nta nkomyi kandi ubwicanyi bwakorwaga na Leta y’u Rwanda bwaranditswe mu itangazamakuru ry’amahanga no mu Miryango mpuzamahanga itari iya Leta, harimo no mu Bufaransa.

Muri Nyakanga 1975, u Bufaransa n’u Rwanda bagiranye amasezerano yihariye y’inkunga ya gisirikare. Mu 1976, u Bufaransa bwohereje intwaro n’ibikoresho bitandukanye n’abasirikare bo guha imyitozo Ingabo z’u Rwanda na Jandarumori.

Mu 1983, amasezerano yaravuguruwe hongerwamo ko Ingabo z’u Bufaransa zishobora kujya mu ntambara zigafatanya n’Ingabo z’u Rwanda. Ibyo byabaye mu gihe impunzi z’Abanyarwanda zotsaga igitutu Leta y’u Rwanda zisaba gutaha mu mahoro, ariko Leta y’u Rwanda ikabyanga kugeza ubwo mu 1982, Leta y’u Rwanda yirukanye benshi mu mpunzi zari zavuye muri Uganda naho zameneshejwe.

Raporo igaragaza ko guhera muri iyo myaka aribwo impunzi zishyize hamwe ngo zirebe uko zizataha mu Rwanda kandi zikagira uruhare mu guca akarengane kari karimitswe n’u Rwanda. Raporo igaragaza ko urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu rwatangiye mu Ukwakira 1990 rwaje kuko ubundi buryo bwose bw’imishyikirano bwari bwarananiranye (Option Z).

2. Mu Ukwakira 1990, abategetsi b’u Bufaransa bamenyeshejwe umugambi wa Jenoside n’abari bahagarariye u Bufaransa mu Rwanda, barabyirengagiza, bohereza ingabo mu Rwanda gufasha Leta ya Habyarimana

Tariki 04 Ukwakira 1990, Perezida Mitterrand abisabwe na Habyarimana ku wa 02 Ukwakira 1990 yafashe icyemezo cyo kohereza mu Rwanda abasirikare 300 mu cyiswe Operation Noroit baza biyongera ku bari bahasanzwe batanga imyitozo muri Jandarumori no mu bigo bya gisirikare byari bikomeye birimo Batayo paracommando i Kanombe, Batayo y’indege za gisirikare nayo yabaga i Kanombe, Batayo y’Ubutasi yabaga muri Camp Kigali na Batayo yarindaga Umukuru w’Igihugu, ndetse n’abajyanama mu bya gisirikare bakoreraga muri Perezidansi ya Repuburika, muri Minisiteri y’Ingabo no mu buyobozi bukuru bw’ingabo (Etat major). Iyi mitwe y’Ingabo z’u Bufaransa niyo yafashije Ingabo z’u Rwanda gutsinda igice cya mbere cy’intambara mu mpera za Ukwakira 1990.

Mu Ukwakira-Ukuboza 1990, yaba Ambasaderi w’u Bufaransa mu Rwanda, Georges Martres, yaba Colonel René Galinié, wari Umukuru w’Ishami ry’Ubutwererane mu bya gisirikare hagati y’u Bufaransa n’u Rwanda, wakoreraga muri Ambasade y’u Bufaransa mu Rwanda, bohereje inyandiko nyinshi mu bayobozi b’u Bufaransa cyane cyane ku matariki ya 8, 13, 15, 19, 24 Ukwakira 1990, zerekana ko Leta y’u Rwanda iriho itegura umugambi wa Jenoside ku Batutsi, kandi ko hari n’ahantu hatandukanye muri Gisenyi, Ruhengeri no mu Mutara, Leta y’u Rwanda yishe Abatutsi mu gihe gito.

Nko mu nyandiko yakozwe na Ambasaderi Martres ku wa 15 Ukwakira 1990, yavugaga ko Abatutsi bo mu Rwanda batinya ikorwa rya Jenoside ibategereje. Abategetsi b’u Bufaransa birengagije nkana ibikubiye muri izo nyandiko mpuruza.

Kuwa 18 Ukwakira 1990, Umujyanama wa Perezida Mitterrand yamwandikiye inyandiko y’ibanga ko u Bufaransa bwishimiye kuba bwashyize mu bikorwa ibyo bwasabwe na Leta y’u Rwanda byo kuyiha ibikoresho bya gisirikare birimo ibisasu kabuhariwe (roquettes) birasa indege, bikaba byageze i Kigali muri icyo gitondo.

Kuwa 24 Ukwakira 1990, Colonel Galinié yongeye kwandika indi nyandiko mpuruza isobanura ko Leta y’u Rwanda yiteguye kuba yakwica Abatutsi b’imbere mu gihugu babarirwa hagati y’ibihumbi magana atanu n’ibihumbi magana arindwi.

Ku rundi ruhande, kuri iyo tariki, Ambasaderi Martres yagiriye inama Perezida Habyarimana ko mu itangazamakuru agomba kujya asobanura ko intambara yatangijwe na FPR ari iy’igihugu cya Uganda cyateye u Rwanda, amubwira ko iyo mvugo izorohereza u Bufaransa kubona aho bushingira bukomeza kumutera inkunga, butanenzwe n’amahanga.

Bamwe mu bajyanama ba Perezida Mitterrand mu bya gisirikare, bamusabye kugabanya inkunga u Bufaransa buha Leta y’u Rwanda, ariko Mitterrand arabyanga avuga ko atifuza ko FPR ifata ubutegetsi ngo kuko igizwe n’agatsiko ka nyamuke b’Abatutsi b’abanyamahanga naho Guverinoma y’u Rwanda ikaba igizwe na ba nyamwinshi, kikaba ari ikimenyetso cya Demokarasi.

3. Mu 1991-1992, u Bufaransa bwongereye inkunga ya gisirikare bwahaga Leta y’u Rwanda

Ku wa 23 Mutarama 1991, ingabo za FPR zafashe Umujyi wa Ruhengeri. Guhera kuwa 24 Mutarama 1991, Leta y’u Rwanda yishe Abatutsi bari hagati ya 50 na 1000 b’Abagogwe muri Ruhengeri na Gisenyi. Ubwo bwicanyi ntacyo bwabwiye u Bufaransa.

Guhera ku wa 02 Gashyantare 1991, u Bufaransa bwongereye umubare w’abasirikare mu Rwanda bwohereza itsinda ryiswe DAMI ryo gufasha Ingabo z’u Rwanda mu mirwano, gutanga inama za tekiniki ku bayobozi b’ingabo no kwigisha ingabo z’u Rwanda gukoresha intwaro za rutura zatanzwe n’u Bufaransa.

Iri tsinda ry’abasirikare ryamaze mu Rwanda imyaka ibiri n’igice muri ako kazi. Colonel René Galinié yakoze inyandiko y’impungenge ku wa 04 Mata 1991, asaba ko abasirikare b’u Bufaransa bo muri Opération Noroît bakwiye gusubira iwabo kandi n’abo muri DAMI ntibazarenze amezi ane mu Rwanda, ariko ntibyemerwa n’abamukuriye.

Inyandiko ya Galinié yasobanuraga ko inkunga u Bufaransa bukomeje gutera u Rwanda ituma abategetsi bumva ko bashyigikiwe n’igihugu cy’igihangange bigatuma batsimbarara mu butagondwa bwabo.

Mu mishyikirano ya Arusha hagati ya Guverinoma y’u Rwanda na FPR, u Bufaransa bwashyigikiye uruhande rwa Leta y’u Rwanda. Umwe mu bajyanama ba Perezida Mitterrand wagize uruhare muri ako kazi ni uwitwa Paul Dijoud.

Mu ibaruwa yo muri Kanama 1991, Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’u Rwanda, Dr Casimir Bizimungu, yandikiye Perezida Habyarimana yamumenyesheje ko yabonanye na Paul Dijoud akamwizeza ko nta mpungenge Leta y’u Rwanda ikwiye kugira, ko u Bufaransa buyishyigikiye muri byose.

Muri nzeri 1991, Paul Dijoud yabonanye n’intumwa za FPR zari zatumiwe i Paris ziyobowe na Paul Kagame, azihanangiriza ko nubwo ari abahanga mu mirwano, bakaba barota kuzagera i Kigali ku ngufu, ko bazasanga imiryango yabo iba mu Rwanda yararimbuwe.

Werurwe 1992, Radio ya Leta y’u Rwanda yahamagariye iyicwa ry’abatutsi mu Bugesera. Ambasaderi w’u Bufaransa mu Rwanda yabimenyesheje abategetsi b’igihugu cye, nyamara u Bufaransa bubirengaho bwakira uwari Umuyobozi w’Ikigo cy’u Rwanda cy’Itangazamakuru, Ferdinand Nahimana, wari intagondwa izwi.

Mu ruzinduko rwe, yemerewe inkunga n’Ikigo cy’u Bufaransa gishinzwe Itangazamakuru yo gukomeza gushyigikira itangazamakuru rya Leta y’u Rwanda hatitawe ku biganiro by’urwango byakwizwaga na ORINFOR.

Paul Dijoud wari Umujyanama wa Perezida Mitterrand wanakurikiranaga imishyikirano y’amahoro ya Arusha yakomeje gusabira Leta y’u Rwanda inkunga ya politiki, dipolomasi na gisirikare.

Tariki 01 Kanama 1992, hasinywe ihagarikwa ry’imirwano hagati y’Ingabo z’u Rwanda n’iza FPR. Ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda, CDR na MRND bakomeje ibikorwa by’urugomo ku Batutsi. U Bufaransa bwabirenzeho bwongera inkunga y’intwaro bwahaga Leta y’u Rwanda.

Mu 1992, inkunga y’intambara u Bufaransa bwari bumaze guha u Rwanda ni miliyoni 2,7 z’amadolari ya Amerika z’ibikoresho bya gisirikare by’ubwoko bwose na miliyoni 1,5 z’amadolari ya Amerika y’intwaro.

Ku wa 05 Kamena 1992, ingabo za FPR zagabye igitero mu Mujyi wa Byumba. U Bufaransa bwohereje inzobere z’abasirikare b’inyongera 150 bo gutera inkunga Ingabo z’u Rwanda mu mirwano. Muri Kanama 1992, Leta y’u Rwanda yishe Abatutsi ku Kibuye, u Bufaransa ntibwareka gufasha Leta yakoraga ubwo bwicanyi.

4. Mu 1993: U Bufaransa bwirengagije gahunda ya Leta yo gutsemba Abatutsi yagaragajwe na raporo mpuzamahanga bwashyikirijwe

Mutarama 1993, Komisiyo mpuzamahanga yahuje impuguke zitandukanye yakoze iperereza mu Rwanda isohora raporo muri Werurwe 1993 yahawe abayobozi ba Leta y’ u Bufaransa.

Komisiyo yagaragaje ko Leta y’u Rwanda ikora ubwicanyi ku Batutsi bazizwa ubwoko bwabo, bikaba ari ikimenyetso cya Jenoside.

Ambasaderi w’u Bufaransa mu Rwanda yashyikirije raporo abayobozi be asobanura ko iyo raporo ije yiyongera ku bindi bimenyetso byinshi byerekana ubwicanyi bukorwa na Leta ku Batutsi. Ambasaderi yerekanye ko Komisiyo ikimara kuva mu Rwanda Abatutsi bahise bicwa.

Kuwa 08 Gashyantare 1993, ku nama zatanzwe na Jenerali Christian Quesnot na Bruno Delaye nk’abajyanama ba Perezida Mitterrand, u Bufaransa bwohereje abasilikare 121 biyongera ku bari basanzwe mu Rwanda kugira ngo barwanye ingabo za FPR zari zageze i Shyorongi mu marembo ya Kigali.

Ku wa 12 Gashyantare 1993, u Bufaransa bwahaye u Rwanda imbunda kabuhariwe za Mitrailleuses 12,7mm n’amasasu ibihumbi ijana. Nyuma y’iminsi itanu, u Bufaransa bwatanze imbunda za Obus 105 mm n’ibisasu bya Roquettes 68 mm.

Izi ntwaro zose zari zigamije gufasha ingabo z’u Rwanda guhangana na FPR yari hafi gufata Kigali. Nyamara u Bufaransa bwabeshyaga ko bushyigikiye imishyikirano y’amahoro. Ku wa 22 Gashyantare 1993, u Bufaransa bwongeye kohereza izindi ngabo z’inzobere mu mirwano zafashije ingabo z’u Rwanda ku rugamba. Icyo gikorwa kiswe Opération Chimère cyiyoborwa na Colonel Didier Tauzin.

Mu mpeshyi za 1993, ingabo z’u Bufaransa zakajije imyitozo ya gisirikare zahaga ingabo z’u Rwanda. Hashingiwe ku byateganywaga n’amasezerano ya Arusha, kuw a 13 Ukuboza 1993, igice kinini cy’ingabo z’u Bufaransa cyasubiye iwabo ariko mu Rwanda hasigara abasirikare 25 b’abajyanama bakomeje guha inkunga Ingabo z’u Rwanda.

Ni nabo bakomeje guha imyitozo Interahamwe zirimo n’izari zaragize uruhare mu kwica Abatutsi mu Bugesera muri Werurwe 1992. Kuwa 16 Werurwe 1993, umubare uzwi w’Ingabo z’u Bufaransa zari muri Opération Noroît igamije guha inkunga ingabo z’u Rwanda mu ntambara, zageraga kuri 688. Hakaba n’abandi Baransa 142 batangaga imyitozo mu bigo bya gisirikare by’u Rwanda bitandukanye.

Muri Mutarama 1994, u Bufaransa bwahaye Leta y’u Rwanda izindi ntwaro bwirengagije icyemezo cya Loni cyabuzaga itangwa ry’intwaro. Indege izanye izo ntwaro zitanzwe n’ u Bufaransa izivanye mu ruganda rukora intwaro rwa Chateauroux yazigejeje i Kigali zigenewe Ingabo z’u Rwanda. MINUAR yarazifatiriye ku kibuga cy’indege cya Kanombe.

5. Guhera 6 Mata – Kamena 1994: U Bufaransa bwakomeje kurwanya FPR yarwanaga ihagarika Jenoside

Kuwa 6 Mata 1994, Indege ya Habyarimana ikimara kugwa, Perezida Mitterrand n’abajyanama be bahise batangaza ko indege yahanuwe na FPR nta kimenyetso na kimwe babifitiye.

Ingabo z’u Bufaransa zari mu kigo cya gisiRikare cya Kanombe muri Batayo Parakomando yatozwaga n’Abafaransa zafatanyije na Major Ntabakuze Aloys wari umuyobozi wayo gutwara ibikoresho by’indege.

Ingabo z’u Rwanda zatozwaga n’Abafaransa nizo zahise zitangiza Jenoside uhereye kuri Batayo y’abarindaga Perezida Habyarimana yayoborwaga na Major Protais Mpiranya, Batayo parakomando ya Major Ntabakuze na Batayo y’ubutasi yayoborwaga na Major Nzuwonemeye.

Abajyanama b’Abafaransa mu bya gisirikare bari barasigaye mu Rwanda, batanga inama ku bayobozi b’Ingabo z’u Rwanda, barebereye ikorwa rya Jenoside yakorwaga n’Imitwe y’ingabo batozaga. Ntacyo bakoze ngo barengere abasivile b’Abatutsi bicirwaga mu maso yabo.

Tariki 08 Mata 1994, Guverinoma y’Abatabazi yashyiriweho muri Ambasade y’u Bufaransa mu Rwanda. I Paris, Umujyanama wa Perezida Mitterrand mu bya gisirikare, Jenerali Christian Quesnot yishimiye ishyirwaho ry’iyo Guverinoma avuga ko igizwe n’amashyaka yose, nyamara abari bayigize bose bari intagondwa z’Abahutu zemeraga umugambi za Jenoside, zatoranyijwe kubera iyo mpamvu, bigizwemo uruhare na Ambasaderi w’ u Bufaransa mu Rwanda.

Jenoside igitangira, u Bufaransa bwihutiye guhungisha abari ku isonga y’abateguye Jenoside bakanayishyira mu bikorwa buhereye ku mugore wa Perezida Habyarimana, Agata Kanziga.

Nyamara Perezida Mitterrand yivugiye mu 1994 ko Kanziga afite shitani mu mutima. Kanziga aracyaba mu Bufaransa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Urukiko rukuru rwa Leta rwemeje ku buryo ndakuka ko Kanziga afite uruhare mu itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside, ko atagomba guhabwa ibyangombwa byo gutura mu Bufaransa. Ubu aracyaba mu Bufaransa nta nkomyi kandi ari ku rutonde rw’abasabwe n’ubutabera bw’u Rwanda.

Ku wa 09 Mata 1994, u Bufaransa bwohereje mu Rwanda abasirikare mu cyiswe Opération Amaryllis batereranye abakozi b’Abatutsi bakoreraga serivisi zitandukanye z’u Bufaransa barimo abakoreraga Ambassade y’u Bufaransa mu Rwanda, abakoraga mu mishanga y’u Bufaransa no mu zindi nzego. Perezida Mitterrand n’abayobozi bakuru b’u Bufaransa bari bahangayikishijwe no guha ubufasha bwose Leta yakoraga Jenoside.

Hagati ya Mata na Kamena 1994, Perezida Mitterrand n’abajyanama be barimo Jenerali Huchon, Jenerali Quesnot na Bruno Delaye bakomeje guha ubufasha Leta y’u Rwanda, guharabika FPR yarwanaga ihagarika Jenoside, bayita ko ari agatsiko k’abarwanyi kabangamiye amahoro mu Rwanda no mu Karere k’Ibihugu by’Ibiyaga Bigari. Ubwo butumwa ni nabwo bwakwizwaga n’abari bahagarariye u Bufaransa muri Loni.

6. Kamena 1994 – Kanama 1994: u Bufaransa bwifashishije Turquoise bugamije kubuza FPR kwigarurira ibice byose by’u Rwanda no gufasha ingabo za Leta kwisuganya

U Bufaransa bumaze kubona ko Leta bwashyigikiye iri gutsindwa intambara, bwakoresheje Loni ngo ibwemerere kugaruka mu Rwanda mu cyiswe Opération Turquoise bavuga ko baje gutabara abicwaga.

Nyamara si ko byagenze. Umwe mu bayobozi ba Turquoise, Colonel Didier Tauzin yatangaje mu ntangiriro za Nyakanga 1994 ko ubutumwa bwe ari ubwo kurwanya FPR nk’uko yari yarabikoze mu 1993 ayobora Opération Chimère.

Ambasaderi Marlaud nawe yarabyemeje ku wa 01 Nyakanga 1994 yandika ko igikenewe ari uko Ingabo z’u Bufaransa zikumira FPR ntiyongere kugira ibice by’u Rwanda yigarurira. Ingabo z’u Bufaransa zatereranye abicwaga bari bakirwanaho cyane cyane mu Bisesero.

Muri Zaire, Ingabo z’u Bufaransa zagiranye imishyikirano n’Ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zimaze gutsindwa no gukora Jenoside. Inyandiko z’ibanga z’u Bufaransa zigaragaza ko u Bufaransa bwasabye abayobozi ba Turquoise gufasha Ingabo z’u Rwanda zatsinzwe kwiyegeranya zikagaruka mu Rwanda kurwana na FPR no gusubira ku butegetsi.

Impuguke z’Abanyamerika zakoze raporo y’u Rwanda zisobanura ko zasabye inshuro eshatu, ku wa 20 Ukuboza 2019, 10 Nyakanga 2020 na 27 Mutarama 2021 u Bufaransa kuziha ibisobanuro kuri icyo kibazo ariko u Bufaransa ntibwashubije.

7. Nyuma ya Jenoside, Leta y’u Bufaransa yabangamiye Guverinoma y’u Rwanda, ikomeza gushyigikira abakoze Jenoside

Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ikimara guhagarikwa na FPR, Perezida Mitterrand, abanyapolitiki n’abasirikare bakuru bahakanye ko nta Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yabayeho; abandi bakemeza ko habaye za jenoside ebyiri, ari nabyo bitekerezo byiganje muri iki gihe mu bapfobya n’abahakana Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, barimo n’abari ku butegetsi mu Bufaransa muri 1994.

Mu 1998, u Bufaransa bwashyizeho itsinda ry’Abadepite bayobowe na Paul Quilès kugira ngo bagaragaze uruhare rwa Leta y’u Bufaransa muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Mu mikorere y’iryo tsinda no muri raporo ryakoze, harimo ubushake bwo kugaragaza ko Leta y’u Bufaransa nta ruhare ifite, bikaba byari urwiyerurutso.

Leta y’u Bufaransa ntiyahaye agaciro gakwiye ikibazo cy’ubutabera. Abakoze Jenoside bagahungira mu Bufaransa ni benshi batarashyikirizwa ubutabera. Mu myaka 27 u Bufaransa bumaze guca imanza eshatu gusa.

Muri 2006, Umucamanza Jean-Louis Bruguière yashyizeho impapuro mpuzamahanga zishaka gufata abayobozi bakuru b’u Rwanda umunani abashinja ihanurwa ry’indege ya Habyarimana. Izo mpapuro zari zishingiye ku rwango no ku binyoma.

Umwanzuro wa Raporo ya Guverinoma y’u Rwanda

Abategetsi bakuru ba Leta y’u Bufaransa, baba abo mu nzego za politiki, dipolomasi n’umutekano bari bazi neza guhera mu Ukwakira 1990, ko Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yateguraga umugambi wo gutsemba Abatutsi.

U Bufaransa bwahisemo gukomeza gushyigikira Guverinoma y’u Rwanda n’Ingabo zayo. Muri mata 1994, abategetsi b’u Bufaransa ntibatunguwe n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Nta buhumyi bwabayeho kuri abo bategetsi cyangwa kutamenya gahunda ya Jenoside, ibyemezo byose babifashe bazi neza ko iyo Leta ari nyirabayazana w’umugambi wo gutsemba Abatutsi mu Rwanda.

Aha ni hamwe mu hakomeye Raporo itandukaniye n’iyakozwe na Komisiyo y’u Bufaransa yayobowe na Profeseri Vincent Duclert yatangajwe ku wa 26 Werurwe 2021.

Raporo ya Komisiyo Duclert yerekana ko u Bufaransa bufite uruhare runini kandi rudashidikanywaho muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ariko ibyinshi bigashyirwa kuri Perezida Mitterrand, nyamara n’izindi nzego za politiki na gisirikare nazo zifitemo uruhare.

Raporo y’u Rwanda inagaragaza ko uruhare rw’u Bufaransa mu gushyigikira abakoze Jenoside no kubangamira ubuyobozi bw’u Rwanda bwahagaritse Jenoside, bitarangiranye na 1994. Iki kibazo nacyo ntabwo Raporo ya Komisiyo Duclert yagisuzumye.

Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda yakozwe n’abanyarwanda b’intagondwa z’Abahutu. Nta kimenyetso cyerekana ko Abafaransa bagize uruhare mu kwica Abatutsi muri Jenoside. Ariko, Leta y’u Bufaransa yatanze ubufasha mu buryo busesuye ibuha Leta y’u Rwanda yateguye ikanashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

U Bufaransa bwabikoze buzi neza umugambi wa Leta y’u Rwanda wo gukora Jenoside ku Batutsi. Leta y’u Bufaransa yabaye umufatanyabikorwa w’ingenzi (collaborateur indispensable) mu ishyirwaho ry’inzego zabaye ibikoresho bya Jenoside.

Uruhare rwa Leta y’u Bufaransa muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda rurihariye. Nta kindi gihugu cyari gifite amakuru ahagije ku mugambi wa Jenoside nk’u Bufaransa.

Nubwo u Bufaransa bwari bufite amakuru yose bwakomeje guha ubufasha intagondwa z’Abahutu zari ku butegetsi mu gihe zateguraga gutsemba miliyoni irenga y’Abatutsi.

Abishwe muri Jenoside ntibari abarwanyi bari mu ntambara. Bari abasivile bishwe bazizwa ko ari Abatutsi cyangwa ko bari bafitanye isano n’Abatutsi cyangwa barwanyije gahunda yo kwica Abatutsi. U Bufaransa ntiburemera urwo ruhare no kubisabira imbabazi ku mugaragaro.

Dr BIZIMANA Jean Damascène, Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa Komisiyo y’Igihugu Ishinzwe Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG)

Yabigarutseho kuri uyu wa 19 Mata 2021 ubwo u Rwanda rwamurikaga ku mugaragaro raporo yabwo ku ruhare rw’u Bufaransa muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Iyi raporo yakozwe n’Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika gitanga ubufasha mu by’Abanyamategeko, Levy Firestone Muse.

Umunyamategeko Bob Muse uri mu bayikoze yasobanuriye Guverinoma y’u Rwanda ibiyikubiyemo mu Nama y’Abaminisitiri idasanzwe yateraniye muri Village Urugwiro.

Iyi raporo ifite amapaji agera kuri 600 yiswe “A Foreseeable Genocide: The Role of the French Government in Connection with the Genocide against the Tutsi”, bishatse kuvuga “Jenoside yagaragariraga buri wese n’uruhare rwa Leta y’u Bufaransa muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda.’’

Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’u Rwanda, Dr Vincent Biruta, yavuze ko iyi raporo yakozwe bisabwe na Guverinoma y’u Rwanda.

Ati “Ni raporo ikurikira iyakozwe n’abiganjemo abashakashatsi mu by’amateka yakozwe n’Abafaransa babisabwe na Perezida Macron. Si raporo isubiza iya mbere, zakozwe mu buryo butandukanye no mu bihe bitandukanye. Igaragaza ko Leta y’u Bufaransa hari uruhare yagize kuba yaratumye Jenoside ishobora kuba kandi byaragaraga ko ishobora kuba.’’

Muri raporo y’u Rwanda hifashishijwe abatangabuhamya barimo na Perezida Kagame ndetse n’abandi bakada ba FPR Inkotanyi.

Mu byo raporo zihuriyeho harimo ko zombi zemera ko habayeho uruhare rw’u Bufaransa muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Minisitiri Dr Biruta yakomeje avuga ati “Raporo ya Duclert igarukira mu 1994 ariko iy’u Rwanda inareba nyuma ya 1994 aho ikomoza ku bikorwa byari bigamije gusibanganya ibimenyetso by’uruhare rw’u Bufaransa muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.’’

Yanavuze ko mu byo Raporo y’u Rwanda yagarutseho harimo amagambo yavuzwe na Mitterrand, avuga kuri Jenoside, ibyo u Rwanda rukeka ko “byatije umurindi abahakana Jenoside.’’

Ati “Ikindi ni ibikorwa byabaye nyuma ya Jenoside birimo imanza z’abasirikare bakuru umunani barezwe na Jean Louis Burguiere. Byatumye u Rwanda rutakaza umwanya rukurikirana izo manza.’’

Yasobanuye ko raporo y’u Rwanda itagamije kugira abo igeza mu butabera nubwo yakozwe n’abanyamategeko.

Ati “Raporo yakozwe si ugushaka ibyaha byajyanwa mu nkiko ahubwo yerekana ibyabaye mu buryo bw’amateka. Ntabwo duteganya ko Leta y’u Rwanda izabiheraho ikagira abo ikurikirana.’’

Iyi raporo ishingiye ku nyandiko zagaragaye n’ubuhamya bwatanzwe bitavuze ko mu gihe hari izindi nyandiko zaboneka zakorerwa icukumbura.

Minisitiri Dr Biruta yagize ati “Raporo zasohotse ariko ntabwo tuvuga ngo gucukumbura amateka birangiriye muri iyi raporo. Mu gihe haboneka izindi nyandiko zakoreshwa. Ntabwo byafunzwe ku buryo nta kindi kizongera gukorwa kuri iki kibazo. Bigomba kumvikanisha ko ejo, n’izi raporo zasuzumwe hashobora kuza abandi bakagira ibindi babona.’’

Yavuze ko ibibazo bitarangiye ku buryo ntawe uzongera kugira icyo abaza u Bufaransa ku ruhare rwabwo muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’u Rwanda, Dr Vincent Biruta, yavuze ko raporo y’u Rwanda yagaragaje ko u Bufaransa bwagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG), Dr Bizimana Jean Damascène, yavuze ko ibyavuye muri raporo ari intambwe nziza mu kurwanya abahakana n’abapfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’u Rwanda, Dr Vincent Biruta n’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG), Dr Bizimana Jean Damascène, mu kiganiro n’itangazamakuru cyagarutse ku bikubiye muri raporo nshya y’u Rwanda yerekana uruhare rw’u Bufaransa muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

Amafoto: Niyonzima Moïse

Umwe mu baturage bahaye IGIHE amakuru, yavuze ko bibangamye kuko usanga ahashyinguwe abantu babo amasanduku ari hanze.

Ati “Iyo urebye ukuntu imva zirangaye ntibyabura kugutera impungenge, biteje ikibazo gikomeye cyane kuba isanduku ziri hanze.”

Yavuze ko uretse no guteza ikibazo abaturage, atari n’ishema kubona aharuhukiye abantu harangaye ibintu, bishobora no guteza intugunda mu miryango yahashyinguye abayo.

Ati “Nkibaza nti ko abantu bacu iyo tubajyanye hariya tuba dushaka ko baruhukira mu mahoro biriya ni ibiki? Mbese ubuyobozi burebera aha hantu ntabwo bubizi?”

Uyu mugabo wavuganaga agahinda, yavuze ko ubuyobozi bukwiye kugira icyo bukora mu maguru mashya.

Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Akagari ka Busanza, Habimana Bosco, yabwiye IGIHE ko byaba bibabaje kubona irimbi rishanguka bene ako kageni kandi rifite rwiyemezamirimo uricunga wahawe n’amasezerano y’akazi.

Ati “Ubwo duheruka kurisura rwiyemezamirimo yari yatweretse gahunda ihamye yo gusana ahangiritse kandi twabonaga n’imirimo yo kuhavugurura iri gukorwa. Bashobora kuba babona nta muyobozi uherutse kuhagera bagaterera agati mu ryinyo ariko tugiye kubikurikirana.”

Rwiyemezamirimo ushinzwe ibikorwa byo kubaka imva muri iri rimbi yabwiye IGIHE ko icyo kibazo batari bakizi ariko ko bagiye kubikurikirana.

Ati “Ubundi bijya bikunda kubaho nk’iyo imvura yaguye ari nyinshi ugasanga ziguyemo imbere, ariko tujya duhita tuzisana, icyo kibazo cyo ntabwo twari tukizi ariko ngiye kujyayo ndebe kandi niba zarangiritse turahita tuzisana.”

Umuyobozi ushinzwe imiyoborere myiza mu Karere ka Kicukiro, Muhikirwa Aaron, yabwiye IGIHE ko nk’Akarere batarabona raporo igaragaza ko iryo rimbi ryangiritse kugira ngo bishyirwe mu bigomba kwitabwaho mu maguru mashya.

Ati “Navuganye n’umuyobozi w’umurenge ngo niba hari imva zangiritse bijye bikorerwa raporo bigezwe ku karere, hanyuma turebe niba bishobora gukorwa na rwiyemezamirimo bitewe n’amasezerano yagiranye n’ubuyobozi cyangwa se niba ari akarere kagomba gutanga amafaranga yo kuhasana natwe tugahita tubimenyesha Umujyi wa Kigali. Kugeza ubu nta raporo yabyo ndabona kandi yaraje naba narayibonye”

Muhikirwa yavuze ko nk’Akarere bagiye kuvugana n’ubuyobozi bw’umurenge kugira ngo bamenye neza uko ikibazo giteye hanyuma kivugutirwe umuti mu maguru mashya.

Abaturage barasaba ubuyobozi kugira icyo bukora kuri izi mva zirangaye

Nyinshi mu mva zo muri iri rimbi zarasenyutse

Hamwe biragaragara ko hashize igihe kinini zisenyutse ku buryo hameze n’ibyatsi

Hari aho amasanduku agaragara hejuru

Iyi raporo yamuritswe kuri uyu wa 19 Mata 2021, nyuma yo gusobanurirwa Guverinoma y’u Rwanda. Yakozwe n’Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika gitanga ubufasha mu by’Abanyamategeko, Levy Firestone Muse.

Umunyamategeko Bob Muse uri mu bayikoze ni we wayisobanuriye Guverinoma y’u Rwanda mu Nama y’Abaminisitiri idasanzwe yateraniye muri Village Urugwiro.

Iyi raporo ifite amapaji agera kuri 600 yiswe “A Foreseeable Genocide: The Role of the French Government in Connection with the Genocide against the Tutsi”, bishatse kuvuga “Jenoside yatutumbaga: Uruhare rwa Guverinoma y’u Bufaransa muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi’’.

Yibanze ku ruhare rw’u Bufaransa mbere ya Jenoside, igihe yakorwaga na nyuma yayo kugeza uyu munsi.

Iyi raporo ivuga ko “ntacyo u Bufaransa bwakoze ngo buhagarike’’ Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ndetse ko mu myaka yakurikiyeho bwakomeje guhishira uruhare rwabwo no gucumbikira abagize uruhare muri Jenoside.

Yerekana ko mu myaka yagejeje kuri Jenoside, uwari Perezida w’u Bufaransa, François Mitterrand n’ubutegetsi bwe bari bazi neza imyiteguro yakorwaga ya Jenoside ariko bakomeza gufasha Leta ya Juvénal Habyarimana.

Abanditsi bayo bavuga ko “Guverinoma y’u Bufaransa yari izi neza iby’umugambi wategurwaga.’’

Raporo y’u Rwanda yagiye hanze nyuma y’iminsi 25 u Bufaransa na bwo bushyize hanze raporo yabwo yakozwe n’abanyamateka n’abashakashatsi 13 b’Abafaransa.

Iyo raporo yitiriwe Duclert yagaragaje ko u Bufaransa bwagize “Uruhare rukomeye kandi ntagereranywa” mu mateka ashaririye u Rwanda rwanyuzemo hagati ya 1990-1994.

Umunyamateka Vincent Duclert wayoboye Komisiyo yakoze raporo, yashyizweho na Perezida Emmanuel Macron ku wa 9 Mata 2021 ni bwo yayishyikirije Umukuru w’Igihugu Paul Kagame.

Iyi raporo yiswe “France, Rwanda and the Genocide against the Tutsi”, Kagame yashyikirijwe na Vincent Duclert, impuguke mu mateka yari iyoboye komisiyo y’abantu 13 bakoze iyo raporo, bashyizweho na Perezida w’u Bufaransa Emmanuel Macron mu 2019.

Igaragaza ko u Bufaransa bwari bufite amakuru ko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yari irimo gutegurwa, ariko ikarenga igashyigikira “buhumyi” Leta y’u Rwanda icyo gihe.

 Raporo nshya, icyizere ku mubano mwiza w’ibihugu byombi

Raporo z’ibihugu byombi zifite ingingo nyinshi zihuriyeho ndetse zishimangira intambwe nshya ku mubano w’u Rwanda n’u Bufaransa.

Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Dr Vincent Biruta, yabwiye AP ko u Rwanda rwiteguye kwinjira mu mubano mushya n’u Bufaransa.

Yagize ati “Ikintu cy’ingenzi muri uru rugendo, ni uko komisiyo zombi zasesenguye ibihamya bishingiye ku mateka, inyandiko zo mu bubiko zashyizwe ku karubanda zigira imyumvire imwe zihurizaho.’’

Yakomeje ati “Aho ngaho dushobora kuhubakira umubano uhamye.’’

Raporo y’u Rwanda yakozwe na Levy Firestone Muse, ifatanyije n’ibigo byo mu Rwanda birimo MRB ATTORNEYS (MRB), Trust Law Chambers na Certa Law.

Yatangiye gukorwa mu 2017, yifashishije inyandiko zirimo izakuwe muri Guverinoma, ibigo by’abikorera, abarimu ba kaminuza, ibyegeranyo, amashusho ndetse n’inkuru. Abayikoze bakoresheje ibiganiro abatangabuhamya barenga 250 barimo abakada ba FPR Inkotanyi, abahoze muri FDLR, abayobozi bakuru, abakoraga muri Loni n’abandi.

Mu ikorwa ryayo hifashishijwe bimwe mu nyandiko zikubiye muri Raporo Mucyo yamuritswe mu 2008, yagarutse ku ruhare rw’u Bufaransa mu bya Gisirikare mu gihe inshya yarebye cyane no ku bijyanye na Politiki yakoreshejwe.

Raporo y’u Rwanda yibanze ku bihe bitandukanye kuva mbere ya Jenoside, mu gihe yakorwaga ndetse na nyuma yayo.

Ishinja u Bufaransa ko “Mbere ya Jenoside, abayobozi b’Abafaransa batoje, bagira inama, baha ibikoresho, banarinda Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yari iyobowe na Habyarimana yari ifite gahunda yo kwambura ubumuntu, kwangiza no kwica Abatutsi mu Rwanda.’’

Ni ibikorwa yerekana ko bishingiye ku nyungu za politiki u Bufaransa bwashakaga kugira mu Karere no muri Afurika muri rusange.

Raporo ivuga ko hagati ya Mata na Gicurasi 1994 ubwo Jenoside yakoranwaga ubukana cyane abayobozi b’Abafaransa “ntacyo bakoze ngo bahagarike’’ ubwicanyi.

Iyi raporo kandi yerekanye ko Opération Turquoise, yoherejwemo ingabo z’Abafaransa yari igamije gutabara Abatutsi bicwaga.

Abanditsi bayo bavuga ko ‘nta gihamya babonye ko abayobozi b’Abafaransa bagize uruhare mu kwica Abatutsi muri kiriya gihe.’’

Iyi raporo y’u Rwanda kandi inakomoza ku ruhare rw’u Bufaransa nyuma ya Jenoside aho mu myaka 27 ishize “bwakomeje guhisha uruhare rwabwo no gukingira ikibaba’’ abakoze Jenoside.

Ivuga ko abayobozi b’Abafaransa bagenze biguru ntege mu kugeza mu butabera abakekwaho uruhare muri Jenoside. Kugeza ubu abantu batatu ni bo baburanishijwe ku cyaha cya Jenoside.

U Bufaransa kandi bunanengwa ko butigeze bushyira ahagaragara inyandiko kuri Jenoside. Raporo ivuga ko ubusabe u Rwanda rwohereje mu 2019, 2020 no mu 2021, Guverinoma y’u Bufaransa yabwirengagije.

Perezida w’u Bufaransa, Emmanuel Macron, ku wa 7 Mata ubwo hatangizwaga Icyunamo cyo kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, yategetse ko inyandiko za Perezidansi na Minisitiri w’Intebe zo hagati ya 1990 na 1994 zifungurirwa abantu bose.

Iyi raporo ntivuga ku bantu ku giti cyabo ahubwo igaruka ku ruhare rw’u Bufaransa na politiki yabwo muri rusange. Yashyizwe hanze nyuma y’imyaka itatu, yibanze ku ngingo 10 zirimo ubufasha Leta y’u Bufaransa yahaga Habyarimana, ubufasha bwayo ku gisirikare mu guca intege FPR Inkotanyi mu rugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, ukwirengagiza umugambi wategurwaga wo kurimbura Abatutsi n’uruhare rwabwo mu gukingira ikibaba abagize uruhare muri Jenoside.

Nyuma yo gutangazwa kw’izi raporo biteganyijwe ko Perezida Kagame azagirira urugendo mu Bufaransa hagati ya tariki ya 18 na 19 Gicurasi, aho azitabira Inama yiga ku Bukungu mu Bihugu bya Afurika yo Munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara. Nyuma y’uru rugendo kandi mugenzi we w’u Bufaransa, Emmanuel Macron azasura u Rwanda.