Aba bombi batangiye kubyiruka, ni bwo bafashe inzira zitandukanye z'ubuzima, Col Makanika akomereza mu gisirikare mu gihe Dr. Mugabe yakomeje inzira yo kwiga, buri wese atera intambwe ishimishije mu rugendo rwe.
Ni yo mpamvu ubwo Dr. Mugabe yamenyaga inkuru y'urupfu rwa Col Makanika, yagize agahinda kenshi kuko uyu mugabo yari inshuti ye mu buzima busanzwe.
Mu kiganiro na IGIHE, Dr. Mugabe yagarutse kuri uru rupfu, anavuga byimbitse ku bwicanyi n'ihohoterwa bikorerwa Abatutsi mu Burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, impamvu umuryango mpuzamahanga utigiye ku mateka y'u Rwanda n'icyabaho mu gihe M23 yasubira inyuma.
IGIHE: Col Makanika mwari muziranye, yari umuntu umeze ate?
Dr. Aggée Shyaka Mugabe: Col Makanika muzi kuva tukiri abana bato kuko twari duturanye. Yavukiye muri Teritwari ya Uvira, ariko umuryango we uza kwimukira muri Teritwari ya Fizi aho navukiye, twari duturanye turi abana twese. Namumenye turi mu myaka 12 gusa, turabana kugeza dukabakaba imyaka 26. Twabanye mu gihe cy'urungano.
Yaje kwinjira igisirikare muri 1995, njye njya kwiga muri kaminuza, ariko nyuma yaho twagize amahirwe yo kubonana, ariko kuvugana twavuganaga.
Yari umugabo w'ishyaka ryinshi, umugabo wiyemeje kurwanya akarengane, ibyatumye asiga inshingano yari afite muri Leta [ya RDC], asanga abaturage bari bahagurukijwe no kwirwanaho. Yari afite inshingano zari gutuma iyo areba ku nyungu ze, byari gutuma agumayo, akabaho neza.
Ni umuntu wagiraga umutima uzira ubwoba, akabwiza buri wese ukuri. Yaratubabaje, ariko nubwo abantu bababaye, ntabwo bihebye kuko yasize ateguye abandi. Bamwiciye iwe mu nzu, kuko Leta yari imaze iminsi imuhiga.
Umutwe wa Twirwaneho awusize ku ruhe rwego?
Twirwaneho imaze imyaka myinshi cyane, hari abakeka ko yatangiye mu 2017 ariko ntabwo ari byo. Ni umutwe wavutse mu buryo butateguwe. Hari hari gukorwa ubwicanyi bwakorerwaga Abanyamulenge mu misozi y'i Mulenge na Minembwe, noneho abaturage barahaguruka birwanaho, bakabikora mu buryo bworoheje nk'uko wavuga irondo.
Ariko uko ubwicanyi bwagiye bufata intera, kuva muri za 2017, uyu mutwe wagiye uhindura imimerere, ugenda wiyubaka, ushyiraho ubuyobozi. Guhera muri Mata 2017, uyu mutwe wagiye uhindura isura, uriyubaka, kandi ukiyubaka usubiza ubwicanyi bwakorerwaga Abanyamulenge.
Col Makanika yagiye muri uyu mutwe muri za 2020, yari ahamaze imyaka itanu. Kuva yagerayo, yabashije kuwubaka, acira inzira abandi benshi bari mu gisirikare cya Congo bari barambiwe no gukorera Leta iri gusenyera ababyeyi babo, abandi benshi bagiye bamusangayo, bituma uyu mutwe ufata isura nshya.
Abafite impungenge z'uko muri RDC hari kuba Jenoside ikorerwa Abatutsi bafite ishingiro?
Bafite ishingiro cyane, ntabwo ari ibintu bishobora kuzaba biri kure bidafite ibimenyetso. Ubwicanyi bukorwa ubu, buganisha kuri jenoside. Ntabwo bica abantu kubera ikosa bakoze, bamwica kubera uko asa.
Mu busobanuro bwa jenoside, harimo kuba abantu bicwa bazira uko basa, uko baremwe. Ibi byaratangiye, ari na yo mpamvu Abatutsi bo muri Kivu y'Amajyaruguru bameneshejwe iyi myaka yose, ubutaka bwari ubwabo bwahindutse amatongo, ahatarabaye amatongo higaruriwe n'abandi batahabaga.
Mu by'ukuri sinzi ko naba nkabije mvuze ko iyo jenoside yatangiye, urebye isura ubwicanyi bufite, kandi si i Mulenge gusa, no muri kivu y'Amajyaruguru ni ko bimeze. Ubona ko ari ubwicanyi buvangura, bahitamo abica bagendeye ku buryo basa, uko bagaragara, ndetse hari n'abo bibeshyaho bitewe n'amasura yabo, nyuma bikaza kugaragara ko nta sano bafitanye n'abicwa.
Ni ubwicanyi bumaze imyaka myinshi bukorwa kandi bwafashe intera isa na jenoside kandi kugira ngo byitwe jenoside si ngombwa ko bagera kuri miliyoni, ahubwo icyo abantu bicira abandi, uko babahiga, uko babavangura, umugambi wo kubarimbura ndetse no kuba inzego za leta zibifitemo uruhare, ubona ko ari ubwicanyi bugamije kurimbura ubwo bwoko, ndetse buherekejwe n'imvugo zihembera urwango zigaragara, zivugirwa mu ruhame kandi zivugwa n'abayobozi bakuru, ntihagire umucyaha ahubwo agafatwa nk'intwari.
Bivugwa ko iyi ngengabitekerezo ya jenoside yageze mu Burundi…?
Ni byo koko Abatutsi n'abasa n'Abatutsi bose mu Burundi twarabibonye ko bafashwe, bashyirwa ahantu mu kigo, kandi icyo babafatiraga ni uko ufatwa nk'Umututsi yafashwe nk'umwanzi, ari na cyo kikwereka ko iyo ngengabitekerezo itagendera ku mbibi z'ibihugu.
Niba ubwicanyi bukorerwa Abatutsi muri Congo, byambuka bite mu Burundi ko ari ikindi gihugu? Kugira ngo abari i Burundi babihindure ikibazo cyabo, ni uko ya ngengabiterekezo yarenze imbibi.
Kuki amahanga adaha agaciro kuri iki kibazo cy'ingengabiterekezo ya jenoside?
Nta masomo tuvana mu mateka. Mu myaka 30 ishize, ni imyaka mike cyane kugira ngo abantu batangire kwibagirwa. Ariko aka kanya nta muntu ukiyivugaho, yaba Loni, ibihugu by'ibihangange n'imiryango itari iya leta, wumva imvugo bakoresha, ica hejuru y'ikibazo.
Aho kugira ngo bajye mu mizi barebe impamvu itera intambara, bajye muri iyo ngengabitekerezo bashake ingamba zo kuyirandura, bashakire hamwe abayikwirakwiza, bagezwe mu nkiko bahanwe mu rwego rwo guca intege abayikwirakwiza, bivugira ibintu byo guca hejuru bigaragara ko bahumwa amaso n'inyungu zabo.
Icyateye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, ubu cyarikubye kuko amakuru arakwirakwira vuba…hakenewe ko umuryango mpuzamahanga wemera kureba mu mizi, ukemera kuganiriza buri wese urebwa n'iki kibazo, nibitaba ibyo, tuzagira ibisekuru biroga abantu, bikomeze bibe uruhererekane.
Tugomba gushakisha icyakorwa, abantu bige kubana bataryana kuko n'ubundi twisanze tubana, twaba duhuje amaraso cyangwa tutayahuje, ni ngombwa ko dutekerereza hamwe ngo dushake inzira zo kubana mu mahoro, nitutabikora tuzarangirira rimwe, tuzamarana kandi twese tuzaba tubihomberamo.
Nta terambere rishoboka mu gihe abantu baba batwawe umwanya wose no guhangana, no gutegana iminsi. Birakenewe ko amahanga areba mu mizi y'ikibazo, ntibibe gusa kubyuka mu gitondo bakavuga ko bihagarare gusa. Ese bihagaze bite? Ababujijwe uburenganzira bwabo bizagenda bite? Ubutaka bwabo babuhebe burundu, babeho batagira uburenganzira? Mbona hari icyo kintu cyo kutigira ku mateka.
Ese M23 isubiye inyuma byagenda bite?
M23 iramutse isubiye inyuma, byaba bigiye guha uburyo abashaka kwica Abatutsi kubera impamvu zoroshye kumva. Impamvu ya mbere hari abantu benshi bakoresheje itangazamakuru berekana ko iyi ari intambara y'Abatutsi bashaka gutegeka aka karere, kandi si byo na busa.
Abantu benshi barabikoresheje, abaturage badashobora gusesengura amakuru, bashobora kubisamira hejuru. Urumva M23 isubiye inyuma byatuma uwitwa cyangwa usa n'Umututsi wese [ahigwa]. Ubwicanyi bwajya ku rundi rwego.
Byaba ari ikosa ryagira ingaruka mbi ku buryo ntabona aho byazagarukira. Haba ubwicanyi ku rwego rukabije. Cyaba ari ikibazo gikomeye, aho kugira ngo amahanga ayisabe gusubira inyuma, yakagombye gukoresha imbaraga, ikibazo kikaganirwaho mu mizi, hashakwe igisubizo kuko iyi si yo ntambara yonyine yabayeho, kandi ibisubizo bivuye mu biganiro bifite amahirwe yo gutanga umuti urambye kurusha ibivuye mu mbaraga no guhangana.
Kuki amahanga adahatira RDC kwinjira mu biganiro?
Mbona hari impamvu y'inyungu ibyo bihugu bikomeye bifite muri Congo. Basa nk'abahendahenda kugira ngo badatakaza izo nyungu zabo, hanyuma bagashaka kuvuga imvugo ishimisha Congo. Inyungu zabo ziraremeye kurusha uburenganzira bw'abaturage muri Congo. Abatutsi bakomeje kwicwa, ntibyababuza ibitotsi ariko inyungu zabo zigakomeza zigasigasirwa.
Indi mpamvu ni uko Perezida Tshisekedi yakoresheje imbaraga nyinshi mu gusobanura ikibazo uko kitari mu mahanga. Nubwo hari benshi basobanukiwe, hari benshi badasobanukiwe impamvu zikurura intambara muri aka karere.
Hari ibihugu byinshi Tshisekedi anyuramo, bishoboka ko ababwira amateka atandukanye n'uko ukuri kumeze, benshi bagafata imyanzuro bahubutse.
Biragoye kumva ukuntu umuntu yakwanga ibiganiro by'amahoro. Kubyanga byonyine, byerekana ko nta bushake. Kuki umuntu yatinya ibiganiro by'amahoro?
Nibatemera gukemura ikibazo mu mizi, iki kibazo kizakomeza.
