Author: webrwanda

1. Ubutaliyani: Ubutaliyani buherereye mu Majyepfo y'Uburayi bukaba bufite ubuso bungana na kilometero kale 301,340 nabaturage bangana na miliyoni 60.36. Ubutaliyani ni igihugu cy'umuco n'amateka, Roma n’umurwa mukuru wacyo, ni ho hantu ha mbere ho gusura aho wabonera Colisée na Vatican, hamwe n'ibindi bice by'akarusho nka Florence izwiho kuba inzu y'ubugeni. Venice, igihugu kizwiho imihanda y'amazi na kanali.

Igihugu n’umugi wa Vatican biherereye mu mugi wa Roma mu Butaliyani

2. Argentina: Argentina iherereye muri Amerika y’Epfo, mu Majyepfo y’umugabane. Ifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kale 2,780,400 nabaturage bangana na miliyoni 45.38. Argentina ni igihugu gifite umwihariko mu bijyanye n’ubukerarugendo. Uhereye ku misozi ya Patagonia, inkengero za Iguazu Falls, ndetse n'imijyi nka Buenos Aires, wowe ubwawe wamenya neza imikorere y'umuco wa tango n'indi mitako itangaje.

Umujyi wa Buenos Aires uhereye muri Argentina 

3. Laos: Laos iherereye muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Iburasirazuba. Ifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kale 237,955 nabaturage bangana na miliyoni 7.5. Laos itanga amahirwe yo gusura imijyi y'amateka nka Luang Prabang, hakaboneka n'ahantu ushobora no gufata ubwato ku ruzi rwa Mekong. Iki gihugu kandi kirangwa n'ubuzima bworoheje no kumva umuco w’ubugwaneza bw'abaturage babo.Umujyi wa Luang Prabang uherereye muri Laos

4. Greenland: Greenland iherereye mu Majyaruguru ya Amerika, ariko igakomeza ku genzurwa na Denmark. Ifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kale 2,166,086 nabaturage bangana na 56,000. Greenland ni igihugu gikurura abantu kubera ubwiza bwacyo karemano. Abayisura bashobora kwishimira imisozi, ibiyaga by'umwihariko n'ikirere gikurura abashaka kubona ibihe byiza mu buryo bwihariye. Ni igihugu cy'abantu bahuje umuco utandukanye kandi bashyira imbere ubwisanzure n’amahoro.

Igihugu cya Greenland cyirangwa n’ubukonje bw’inshi biri munsi ya dogere celicius 0

5. Polynesia y’Ubufaransa: Polynesia y’Ubufaransa iherereye mu Nyanja ya Pasifika mu gice cy'Amajyaruguru. Ifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kale 4,167 nabaturage bangana na 280,000. Ibi birwa bitangaje, nka Bora Bora na Tahiti, bizwiho amazi asukuye n'imisozi y’icyatsi. Abaturage baho bafite umuco wihariye kandi bakira neza abashyitsi. Ni ahantu heza ho kwishimira ibiranga ubwiza karemano.

Ibirwa bya Bora Bora na Tahiti boratangaje

6. Malezya: Maleziya iherereye muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo, hagati ya Singapore na Thailand. Ifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kale 330,803 nabaturage bangana na miliyoni 33.5. Kuala Lumpur, umujyi w'ikitegererezo, izwiho inyubako zigezweho n'ibiranga ubukerarugendo. Imijyi ya Penang na Malacca nabyo bizwiho amateka n’umuco wihariye.

Umurwa mukuru wa Maleziya Kuala Lumpur urihariye 

7. Afurika y’Epfo: Afurika y'Epfo iherereye ku mugabane wa Afurika, hafi y’inkengero z'amajyepfo. Ifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kale 1,221,037 nabaturage bangana na miliyoni 60. Afurika y’Epfo itanga umuco utangaje, harimo ibice by'ubukerarugendo nka Kruger National Park n'imijyi ikomeye nka Cape Town. Aha ni ahantu heza ho kwiga ku mateka ya Afurika no ku mico itandukanye.

8. Maroc: Maroc iherereye muri Afurika y’Amajyaruguru. Ifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kale 710,850 nabaturage bangana na miliyoni 37. Maroc ni igihugu gikurura abakerarugendo kubera umuco wihariye n'amateka. Ushobora gusura imijyi nka Marrakech, Fes na Casablanca, uzenguruke amasoko no kwiga ubwubatsi bwa kera hamwe n’ibice by’ubutayu bya Sahara bitangaje.

Ibi bihugu bitandukanye bifite byinshi kandi bigaragaza umuco w’ubwiza karemano ndetse n’ibikorwa remezo byihariye bituma umuntu wese usura ibyo bihugu arushaho kwiyungura ubumenyi no gukurura umwuka mwiza w’ubuzima. Gusura ibi bihugu nibura rimwe mu buzima bwawe bizaguha ibihe bidasanzwe.

Ni inama yabereye mu Rwanda, yitabirwa n'impuguke muri Politiki, abashakashatsi, abanditsi b'ibitabo n'abasesenguzi mu bya politiki baturutse hirya no hino ku Isi.

Iyo nama isanzwe iba mbere y'uko ibikorwa byo Kwibuka bitangira, kuri iyi nshuro yari ifite insanganyamatsiko igira iti 'When never again fails: continuation of Genocide Ideology” mu Kinyarwanda bigasobanura ngo 'Iyo ntibizongere ukundi idashyizwe mu bikorwa, bigira ingaruka ku kwiyongera kw'ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside'.

Minisitiri w'Ubumwe bw'Abanyarwanda n'Inshingano Mboneragihugu, Dr. Bizimana Jean Damascène, yaragagaje ko Abanyaburayi ari bo bagize uruhare mu gutanya Abanyarwanda bikaganisha kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Ati 'Iyo Abanyaburayi bativanga mu miyoborere n'imibereho yo muri Afurika by'umwihariko mu Rwanda ntabwo tuba turi mu nama nk'iyi, kuri Jenoside yahitanye ubuzima bw'abantu barenga miliyoni bishwe kubera abo bari bo.'

Yavuze ko nyuma y'imyaka 30 hari impungenge ku bikomeje kugaragara mu Karere nko muri RDC biganisha kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 kandi bikaba amahanga arebera.

Yagaragaje ko hari impungenge ku mubare w'abapfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bakomeje kwiyongera mu bihugu bitandukanye byiganjemo ibyo mu Burayi nk'u Bubiligi n'u Bufaransa.

Yashimye ko u Bufaransa bwatangiye gutera intambwe ishimishije aho umwaka ushize, Umwanditsi w'Ibitabo Charles Onana, yahamijwe icyaha cyo gupfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ashimangira ko ari intambwe nziza u Rwanda rwishimira.

Dr Bizimana yagaragaje ko bibabaje kubona muri iki gihe hari bimwe mu bikorwa bigamije kuburizamo kwibuka jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bikanashyigikirwa na za Guverinoma z'ibihugu.

Yifashishije ingero z'imijyi nka Bruges na Liège yo mu Bubiligi yafashe icyemezo cyo guhagarika ibikorwa rusange byo kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Ati 'Ni kibazo kije mu gihe u Bubiligi buharabika u Rwanda burwitirira intambara yatangiriye mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo, bakavuga ko babikoze bashyira mu bikorwa amategeko mpuzamahanga. Nyamara Kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ni ihame rikomeye ry'amategeko mpuzamahanga ryemejwe n'inzego mpuzamahanga zibifitiye ububasha.'

Yasabye kandi ko ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside ikigaragara, abapfobya n'abahakana Jenoside bikwiye kurwanywa burundu.

Florida Kabasinga wabaye Umushinjacyaha mu Rukiko Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda, IRMCT, yagaragaje ko abantu bakwiye kumva ko ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside igira ingaruka zikomeye ku mibereho n'ubuzima bw'abaturage, ashimangira ko ubwisanzure bwo gutanga ibitekerezo bugira aho bugarukira.

Uwahoze ari Umujyanama wihariye w'Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa Loni ushinzwe kurwanya Jenoside, Alice Wairimu Nderitu, yagaragaje ko nyuma y'imyaka 31, ibihugu bigicumbikiye abagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bakwiye kongera kwisuzuma no kwibaza impamvu biri guhishira abanyabyaha, bakaba bagezwa imbere y'ubutabera bakabazwa ibyo bakoze.

Yemeje ko bitari bikwiye kubona muri RDC hari abakidegembya barenga 500 bagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Yashimangiye ko nk'uko Jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi itajya ihindurirwa amazina ari n'ako iyakorewe Abatutsi ikwiye kwemerwa uko iri nta guca ku ruhande cyangwa kugenekereza.

Ati 'Nk'uko Jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi tuyita iy'akorewe Abayahudi ni ko n'iyi igomba kwitwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda.'

Mu bandi batanze ikiganiro mu cyari kigamije kurebera hamwe kurwanya ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside cyayobowe n'Umuyobozi Mukuru wa RGB, Dr. Doris Picard, ni umwanditse umwanditsi w'Ibitabo, Dr. Jean Paul Kimonyo n'Umushakashatsi akaba n'Umusesenguzi mu Karere k'ibiyaga bigari, Dr. Alex Mvuka Ntung.

Uwabaye Ambasaderi w'u Budage mu Rwanda, Amb. Peter Fahrenhort, yagaragaje ko nubwo ari gutamba avamo, urukundo akunda abaturage bo mu Karere k'ibiyaga bigari, ruzatuma akora ibishoboka byose mu kugaragaza ikibi no ku kirwanya uko ashoboye.

Yagaragaje ko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi byashobokaga yirindwa, akaburizwamo ariko ko habuze ubumuntu.

Yasabye kandi ko umutwe wa FDLR uri mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC ugizwe n'abasize bakoze Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi wari ukwiye kwamburwa intwaro burundu aho guhabwa intebe nk'uko bikorwa uyu munsi.

Ati 'Dufite abarenga 1000 bakekwaho kugira uruhare muri Jenoside, bakidegembya aho kimwe cya kabiri bari muri RDC abandi bakaba bari ahandi, aba bantu bashyiriweho impapuro n'urukiko mpuzamahanga, bakwiye kuzanwa imbere y'ubutabera, kandi ibyo bikwiye kuba umurimo w'umuryango mpuzamahanga.'

Yongeyeho ati 'Ntabwo bigoye kuko dufite urutonde rw'amazina yabo, ibi bikwiye gukorwa. Ikindi ni FDLR niba mwibuka hari gahunda yo kurandura ADF ikorera mu Majyaruguru y'u Burasirazuba bwa RDC, ntekereza ko FDLR nayo ikeneye gusenywa cyangwa kwamburwa intwaro. Ntikwiye kongera kubaho ukundi kandi dukeneye kugaragaza ubushake kugira ngo ibyo bibeho.'

Donald Kaberuka yashimangiye ko kuri ubu u Rwanda rwahisemo gushyira imbere inyungu z'igihugu kurusha ibindi byose.

Ku bijyanye n'umutekano muke mu Burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, yagaragaje ko atangazwa no kubona igihugu cyo mu Burayi cyigaragaza nk'igifite ibisubizo ku bibazo byo mu Karere kurusha uko abagatuye baba babifite.

Yemeje ko ibyo birangira biganishije ku kunanirwa gukemura ikibazo no gutuma gikomera kurushaho.

Ati 'Ku bibera mu baturanyi [RDC], ikintangaza ni ukuntu ibihugu bya kure cyane byigira nk'aho bifite ibisubizo by'ibibazo by'abantu bo mu karere. Umuntu aba atekereza ko bagashyize mu gaciro bakavuga ngo ntabwo tuzi byinshi, reka dutange umusanzu wacu turi ku ruhande. Reka tubaze icyo mushaka ko tubafasha.'

Ku bijyanye n'inkunga z'amahanga ziri guhagarara, Dr. Donald Kaberuka yemeza ko ari cyo gihe ngo ibihugu bifate inshingano zo kwigira no kwishakamo ubushobozi, yerekana ko imyumvire yo guhora utegeye amaboko ku bandi yatumye ibihugu bitagira ingamba zihamye zo kwiteza imbere.

Perezida w'Ishuri rya Afurika ry'Imiyoborere, African School of Governance, Prof. Kingsely Moghalu, yavuze ko inkunga z'amahanga zagize uruhare mu kuba ibihugu bya Afurika bitarateye imbere uko bikwiye.

Yashimangiye ko nta gihugu na kimwe ku Isi kigeze gitera imbere kubera ko cyazamuwe n'ikindi, avuga ko ahubwo inkunga zikunze kuba intwaro yifashishwa mu kugira ijambo ku bandi.

Mu bandi batanze ikiganiro ni Ebba Kalondo wahoze ari Umuvugizi wa Komisiyo y'Umuryango wa Afurika yunze Ubumwe wagaragaje ko hakenewe ingamba zigamije gukumira Jenoside n'ingengabitekerezo yayo aho iva ikagera.

Amb. Peter Fahrenholtz yerekanye ko azakomeza gukora ibishoboka mu kugaragaza no kurwanya ikibi

Perezida wa African School of Governance, Prof. Kingsley Moghalu, yagaragaje ko ibihugu bya Afurika bidakwiye gutegera ku nkunga kuko zituma bidatera imbere

Minisitiri w’Ubutabera akaba n’Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta, Dr. Ugirashebuja Emmanuel, aganira n’abitabiriye inama

Ubwo Madamu Jeannette Kagame yageraga muri Kigali Convention Centre

Madamu Jeannette Kagame yari mu bitabiriye iyi nama

Dr. Doris Picard uyobora RGB yayoboye ikiganiro kigaruka ku kurwanya ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside

Minisitiri Dr. Bizimana yavuze ko hari impungenge kubona nyuma y’imyaka 31 hakigaragara ibikorwa by’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside

Abayobozi, abashakashatsi bitabiriye iyi nama

Abahagarariye inzego zinyuranye bitabiriye iyi nama

Inama yitabiriwe n’abantu batandukanye baturutse hirya no hino ku Isi

Umwanditsi Dr. Jean Paul Kimonyo yavuze ko hari ibikwiye gushyirwamo imbaraga

Alice Nderimu Nderitu yemeje ko ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside ikwiye kurandurwa burundu

Kabusinge Floride wabaye Umushinjacyaha mu rukiko rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rwa IRMCT yagaragaje ko ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside iri kugaragara no mu bato

Uwahoze ari Ambasaderi w’u Budage mu Rwanda, Amb. Peter Fahrenholtz, yagaragaje ko FDLR ikwiye kwamburwa intwaro

Uwahoze ari Umuvugizi wa Komisiyo ya AU, Ebba Kalondo, yagaragaje ko hakenewe izindi ngamba zizatanga umusaruro

Dr. Donald Kaberuka yagaragaje ko hari ibimutangaza ku myitwarire y’amahanga ku bibera mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo

Abatanze ikiganiro cya kabiri cyayobowe n’Umunyamakuru Eugene Anangwe

Minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu Dr. Mugenzi Patrice n’Umushinjacyaha Mukuru Beatha Habyarimana

Perezida wa IBUKA, Dr. Gakwenzire Philbert, yitabiriye iyi nama

Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w'Umuryango Unity Club Intwararumuri, Uwacu Julienne, na we yitabiriye iyi nama

Amafoto: Nzayisingiza Fidele

Umuhango wo kubaherekeza watangiye mu masaha ya mu gitondo aho nyuma yo gufata imirambo ku Bitaro bya Kakiru wakomereje i Kanombe ahazwi nka Umucyo Garden.

Abashyiguwe ni Mugisha Blaise wari ufite imyaka 12 y'amavuko na mushiki we Unejeje Blessing wari ufite imyaka itatandatu, na Se Sebatware Emmanuel wari ufite imyaka 45.

Kubasezeraho bwa nyuma ni igikorwa cyaranzwe n'ubuhamya butandukanye ariko buhuriza ku kuba bose baratunguwe n'inkuru mbi yo kumva ko Sebatware n'abana be babiri bahiriye mu nzu.

Ni umuhango witabiriwe mu buryo bugereranyije cyane cyane abaturutse mu miryango n'abo mu idini ry'Abadivantisiti b'Umunsi wa Karindwi uwo muryango usengeramo.

Mu buhamya bw'umugore muto wa nyakwigendera, Masengesho Espérance, yavuze ko inkuru y'urupfu rw'umugabo we n'abana babo yamushenguye cyane anatungurwa n'urupfu bapfuye kuko urugo rwabo rutarangwaga n'ibibazo.

Yagize ati 'Twari urugo rumeze neza rutarimo ibibazo bindi byatuma nk'ibi biba […]. Umugabo wange namukundaga cyane nkamurwanira ishyaka nkakora uko nshoboye kose nkamuba hafi. Ibi bibazo bijya kuba ntabwo njye nari naharaye nari ndi i Musanze ni ho dukorera ubucuruzi ngeda umugabo abizi tubyumvikanye. Nari mpari ku wa Gatatu umugabo wange agomba kuhansanga ku wa Kane tugatahana.'

Masengesho yavuze ko yatunguwe bikomeye no kumva inkuru y'uko abana be n'umugabo bahiriye mu nzu ndetse kubyakira biri mu bintu byamugoye cyane.

Ati 'Numvishe inkuru mu gitondo abana bo mu rugo bari kuntabaza ngo twagushatse turakubura byakomeye. Naravuze nti 'ese habaye iki' barambwira ngo Blaise na Blessing bahiriye mu nzu na papa wabo byarangiye numva ni nk'imikino sinabasha kubyumva […]. Nabwiye abo nabonaga hafi ibyabaye duhita tuza ariko nasanze imibiri bamaze kuyijyana [Ku Bitaro]. Nabishimira Imana kuba iyo mibiri ntarayibonye kuko ubu kwihangana si mba mbishoboye.'

Uwo mugore kandi yongeyeho ko urwibutso afite ku bana be ari uko imfura ye y'umuhungu yaharaniraga kujya mbere kandi akagira imitekerereze y'abantu bakuru ndetse na mushiki we yabyaye yumva akeneye umukobwa akamufata nk'ibyifuzo bye bisubijwe.

Nyiranzira Claudine wari umugore mukuru wa nyakwigendera babyaranye abana batanu yavuze ko nyakwigendera atatereranaga urugo rukuru n'ubwo yari afite undi mugore kuko yishyuriraga abana ishuri ndetse agakomeza no kubahahira.

Sebatware Emmanuel yasize abagore babiri n'abana batandatu. Yabaye umusirikare mu ngabo z'u Rwanda imyaka itatu, akora ibijyanye no guhagarira inyungu z'abahanzi n'ibijyanye n'amafilime ndetse yari n'umushoramari mu by'amahoteli.

Urupfu rwa ba nyakwigendera rwabaye ku itariki ya 3 Mata 2025 ubwo inzu uwo muryango wabagamo ku Gisozi mu Mujyi wa Kigali yafatwaga n'inkongi y'umuriro igakongoka hagapfirimo abantu batatu abandi batatu bararokoka harimo n'umwana umwe.

Bivugwa ko Sebatware yaba ari we watwitse iyo nzu hagendewe ku kuba yari yazanye linsansi mu nzu bidasanzwe kandi agafunga ibyumba byose mbere yo kuryama ariko inzego bireba ntiziremeza niba koko ari we wabikoze kuko zikiri mu iperereza.

Abiganjemo abo mu miryango bari bitabiriye umuhango wo guherekeza Sebatware Emmanuel n’abana be

Bose bashyinguwe mu mva zegeranye

Sebatware Emmanuel n’abana be babiri bashyinguriwe rimwe

Itorero ry’Abadivantisiti b’Umunsi wa Karindwi ni ryo ryabasengeye

Masengesho Espérance wari umugore muto wa Sebatware ashyira indabo ku mva

Sebatware Emmanuel n’abana be bashyinguwe mu irimbi ryo mu Busanza

Amafoto: Habyarimana Raoul

Ijoro ryo ku wa 6 Mata 1994 ntiryari irisanzwe mu Rwanda, by'umwihariko i Kanombe mu rugo rw'uwari Perezida Juvenal Habyarimana, ubwo indege yari imuvanye mu nama i Dar es Salaam yahanurwaga, umurambo we ukagwa mu mbuga.

Indege Falcon 50 ya Habyarimana imaze guhanurwa, umujinya uvanze n'urwango wasaze abari mu rugo rwe aho umurambo we waguye, bahigira kumara Abatutsi babaye urwitwazo rw'urwo rupfu.

Umugambi wo kurimbura Abatutsi wari umaze iminsi ucurwa nk'uko amaperereza menshi yabigaragaje, dore ko n'urutonde rw'abagombaga gupfa, ibikoresho byagombaga gukoreshwa n'uburyo bagombaga kwicwa byose byari byarateguwe, icyakora icyari kitazwi ni umunsi nyakuri ubwo bwicanyi ndengakamere bwari kubera.

Iryo joro Abatutsi ba mbere batangiye kwicwa ariko mu rugo rwa Habyarimana bahigira kumuhorera byanze bikunze. Igitabo La Traversée cy'umunyamakuru Patrick de Saint-Exupéry, kigaragaza ko umurambo wa Habyarimana n'abandi bari kumwe mu ndege imaze kuboneka, yashyizwe mu ruganiriro [rwo kwa Habyarimana].

Bukeye bwaho abo mu muryango wa Habyarimana bari bateranye, baje kwirebera n'amaso urupfu rw'uwabo wari Perezida w'u Rwanda. Umujinya wari wose kuri Jean Luc, umwe mu bahungu ba Habyarimana wari witwaje imbunda [aba mu Bufaransa ubu] ndetse na Agathe Habyarimana.

Muri icyo gitondo, Godelieve, mushiki wa Habyarimana wari Umubikira yabwiye abari baje gufata mu mugongo umuryango, ko nta kabuza musaza we yishwe n'Abatutsi bityo bagomba kwicwa bagashira.

Uyu Godelieve n'ubwo yari umubikira bivugwa ko yari umwe mu bavuga rikijyana mu muryango wa Habyarimana, akanga Abatutsi cyane. Mu 2004 hari umutangabuhamya wakoze muri Minisiteri y'Ubuzima wabwiye Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda i Arusha muri Tanzania, ko Godelieve mu 1993 yajyaga aza ku kazi kabo agacunaguza uwari umuyobozi w'ishami ryabo w'Umututsi.

Patrick de Saint-Exupéry mu gitabo avuga ko Godelieve yabwiye abari baje gusezera kuri musaza we ati 'Abatutsi bose bagomba kwicwa'. Byashimangiwe na Agathe Habyarimana wavuze ko 'bagomba kubadukiza [Abatutsi]', ashishikariza abari aho gushaka imbunda bagafasha Interahamwe guhorera umugabo we.

Guhigira ko Abatutsi bose bagomba gupfa bivuzwe n'umuryango wa Habyarimana byanemejwe n'abana ba Dr. Emmanuel Akingeneye ari bo Jeanne Uwanyiligira na Marie-Claire Uwimbabazi.

Aba babyumvise uwo munsi bagiye mu rugo rwa Habyarimana kureba umurambo wa se na we waguye mu ndege yari ivanye Perezida muri Tanzania.

Umututsi yari umwanzi mu muryango

Kuba umuryango wa Habyarimana warahise utunga agatoki Abatutsi kuba inyuma y'abamwishe, ntabwo byari impanuka. Ni umuryango wari umaze igihe ufitiye urwango Abatutsi, by'umwihariko Agatha Kanziga wari umaze imyaka ane ayoboye Akazu, kari kagizwe n'ibikomerezwa byo ku butegetsi bwa Habyarimana birimo n'umunyemari Kabuga Felicien.

Colonel René Galinié wari ushinzwe iby'ingabo muri Ambasade y'Abafaransa mu Rwanda muri Kamena 1991 yanditse ko Agathe Kanziga yari afite ingufu zikomeye mu gihugu ku buryo yivangaga no mu byemezo umugabo we yafataga.

Ati 'Akazu kavangavanze imikorere ya Perezida ku buryo nta mpinduka nzima ashobora kuzana. Muri abo [bamuvangira] harimo n'umugore we'.

Izo mbaraga Kanziga yarazikomezanyije na nyuma y'urupfu rw'umugabo kugeza kuwa 9 Mata ubwo we n'umuryango we bahungishirizwaga mu Bufaransa. Bivugwa ko umugabo we akimara gupfa, Kanziga yakoranye bya hafi na Col Bagosora Théoneste wasaga nk'uwasigaranye ubutegetsi.

Andrew Wallis mu gitabo cye 'Stepp'd in Blood: Akazu and the Architects of the Rwandan Genocide Against the Tutsi', agaragaza uburyo muri Mutarama, 1991 hari inama yigeze kuba saa munani z'ijoro ikitabirwa n'abarimo Agatha Kanziga, Perezida Habyarimana hamwe n'abandi bari bahuriye mu Kazu.

Muri iyo nama hanzuwe ko abasivili b'abahutu bigishwa imbunda mu ibanga bagasabwa gutanga umuganda wo kwica Abatutsi ndetse banababwira ko n'inkotanyi yose bahura bayica kuko ngo gutema urumogi biba bidahagije iyo utaranduye umuzi warwo.

Na Perezida François Mitterrand wayoboraga u Bufaransa mu 1994, yavuze uburyo Agathe Kanziga yari umuhezanguni wanga Abatutsi, ko na nyuma yo guhabwa ubuhungiro mu Bufaransa yashatse gukomeza Jenoside.

Yigeze kuvuga ati 'Twahaye icumbi Agathe Habyarimana, ariko ni umusazi ushaka gukomeza guhamagarira abantu gukora Jenoside kuri radiyo zo mu Bufaransa. Biragoye kumucubya.'

Imyaka 31 irashize, umuryango wa Habyarimana wakomeje kwinangira no kwemera uruhare rwawo mu byagejeje u Rwanda kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ahubwo bamwe mu bawugize barimo Jean Luc Habyarimana bakomeje inzira yo guhaka na no gutoneka bayirokotse.

Ubushinjacyaha bw'u Bufaransa buherutse kujurira busaba ko habyutswa dosiye ya Agathe Kanziga, akaburanishwa ku ruhare rwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Mu butumwa Papa Fransisiko yageneye Yubile y’Abarwayi n’abakora kwa Muganga bwasomwe na Archbishop Rino Fisichella, Papa yibukije ko muri iki gihe yifatanyije n’abarwayi ku buryo bwihariye mu kigeragezo cy’uburwayi. Aho umuntu acika intege, agakenera abamufasha byose, abamuba hafi.

Papa Fransisiko avuga ko kurwara bitoroshye, ariko ari ishuri ry’urukundo. Aho umuntu asabwa kwemera kwitabwaho atinuba kandi yizeye, ibi akaba yabivuze asanisha n'ubuzima bwe bw'uburwayi.

N'ubwo bitari biteganyijwe ko aza kugaragara ndetse akanasuhuza Abakristo, nyuma ya Misa, Papa Fransisko yaje kugaragara, ashimira abari aho, abasabira umugishansi, anabashimira uburyo bitwaye neza muri icyo gikorwa cya Yubile.

Mu butumwa bwe, Papa Fransisko yibanze ku ngingo yo kugaragaza ko ku mu bitaro hashobora kuba ahantu heza, avuga ko hashobora gutuma 'urukundo n'ubumuntu birushaho guca umwiryane ndetse bikarushaho guha abantu ibyiringiro.'

Papa yakoresheje inyigisho z’umuhanuzi Izayi, avuga ko n'ubwo abantu benshi iyo bageze mu bihe bikomeye ndetse bashidikanya ku buzima bwabo, ari muri icyo gihe cy’ibigeragezo Imana ishyiraho amahirwe mashya. 

Yasabye abari aho gutekereza ku mibereho y’Abayisraheli mu gihe bari mu bucakara mu Misiri, avuga ko n'ubwo byari bikomeye, ndetse nta cyizere gihari, muri icyo gihe nibwo bahawe igihugu gishya.

Papa Fransisko yasobanuye neza ko uburwayi bushobora gutuma umuntu yumva ameze nkuri mu buhungiro cyangwa nk’umugore wavuzwe mu Ivanjili y'uyu munsi, aho bamusabiraga igihano cyo kwicishwa amabuye, kuko yari yafashwe asambana, ariko ahabwa amahirwe yo kwisubiraho n'imbabazi.

Yasobanuye ko Imana idategereza ko abantu baba beza ngo ibafashe, ahubwo igera mu bikomeye byabo, ikabihindura. Yagize ati: “Uburwayi bushobora kuba ahantu heza ho guhurira n’Imana, ni ishuri aho twiga gukunda, gukundwa n’umutima w’ubwiyoroshye.”

Papa Fransisko kandi yashimiye abakora kwa muganga ku kazi gakomeye bakora kandi abibutsa ko buri murwayi afite agaciro kandi agomba kwakirwa nk’undi.

Mu musozo, Papa Fransisko yagarutse ku magambo ya Papa Benedigito wa XVI avuga ko ubumuntu bugenwa n’uburyo umuntu afata abandi bari mu bubabare n'agahinda. Yasabye Abakristo kutirengagiza abakuze, abarembye, ndetse n’abantu bose bafite n'ibibazo, ababwira ko bagomba gukomeza kubitaho no kubaba hafi.

  

Kuri iki cyumweru, kuva aho aviriye mu bitaro, Papa yabashije kugaragara mu ruhame anasuhuza Abakristo

Hari benshi bagerageza amahirwe yabo muri sinema imyaka myinshi batagaragara, ariko hari n'abamamaye ku isi yose nyuma yo gukina filime yabo ya mbere. Mu gihe bamwe bafata iyi ntsinzi nk'amahirwe, abandi bagaragaje impano idasanzwe yahise ibashyira mu cyiciro cy'abakinnyi bakomeye.

Kuva kuri Edward Norton wahise yigarurira Hollywood muri ‘Primal Fear’ kugeza kuri Gabourey Sidibe wahinduwe icyamamare na ‘Precious,’ aba ni bamwe mu bakinnyi batangiriye hasi urugendo rwabo rwa sinema, maze bagahita bahinduka ibyamamare ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Dore bamwe mu bakinnyi ba filime bazwi ku isi bazamuye izina ryabo nyuma yo gukina filime imwe gusa:

1. Edward Norton — Primal Fear (1996)

Edward Norton yinjiye muri sinema bwa mbere muri filime yitwa ‘Primal Fear,’ aho yakinnye nk'umunyabyaha ushinjwa ubwicanyi. Uru ruhare rwahise rumugira icyamamare, ndetse yahise ahatanira igihembo cya Oscar ku nshuro ye ya mbere.

2. Barkhad Abdi — Captain Phillips (2013)

Barkhad Abdi yari umushoferi wa taxi mbere yo kwinjira muri sinema akagaragara muri filime yitwa ‘Captain Phillips,’ aho yakinnye nk'umwambuzi w'inkazi. Uru ruhare rwamuhesheje izina rikomeye, ndetse ahatanira igihembo cya Oscar.

3. Gabourey Sidibe — Precious (2009)

Gabourey Sidibe ntiyari azwi na gato mbere yo gukina muri ‘Precious,’ aho yagaragaye nk’umukobwa wahuye n'ibibazo bikomeye mu muryango we. Uru ruhare rwamuhesheje igikundiro gikomeye ndetse anahatanira Oscar.

4. Hailee Steinfeld — True Grit (2010)

Hailee Steinfeld yinjiye muri sinema akina muri ‘True Grit,’ aho yakinnye nk’umwana w'umukobwa ushaka kwihorera. Iyi filime yatumye ahita aba icyamamare ndetse yinjira mu bakinnyi b’ibyamamare ba Hollywood.

5. Alan Rickman — Die Hard (1988)

Alan Rickman yari umuririmbyi mu itorero mbere yo kugaragara bwa mbere muri sinema agakina muri ‘Die Hard,’ aho yakinnye nka Hans Gruber, umwe mu banyabyaha bamenyekanye cyane mu mateka ya filime.

6. Julie Andrews — Mary Poppins (1964)

Julie Andrews yari icyamamare mu njyana ya Broadway, ariko ‘Mary Poppins’ ni yo filime ye ya mbere ndetse yahise imumenyekanisha ku isi hose.

7. Yalitza Aparicio — Roma (2018)

Yalitza Aparicio ntiyari asanzwe ari umukinnyi wa filime, ariko yatoranyijwe gukina muri ‘Roma,’ filime yamuhesheje gukundwa cyane no guhatanira igihembo cya Oscar.

8. Anna Paquin — The Piano (1993)

Anna Paquin yari afite imyaka 11 gusa ubwo yakinaga muri ‘The Piano.’ Yatsindiye igihembo cya Oscar ku nshuro ye ya mbere, aba umwe mu bakinnyi bato begukanye icyo gihembo.

9. Shirley Henderson — Trainspotting (1996)

Shirley Henderson yamenyekanye cyane nyuma yo gukina muri ‘Trainspotting,’ filime yamugize icyamamare nyuma y'iyo nshuro ya mbere muri sinema.

10. Tatum O'Neal — Paper Moon (1973)

Tatum O'Neal yari afite imyaka 10 ubwo yakinaga muri Paper Moon, filime yamuhesheje igihembo cya Oscar, aba umukinnyi muto wegukanye icyo gihembo mu mateka.

Impano cyangwa amahirwe?

Bamwe muri aba bakinnyi baje kwemeza ko kuba icyamamare nyuma ya filime imwe ari ibintu bigorana, kuko biba bisaba gukomeza gukora cyane kugira ngo izina ryabo ritazima vuba. Impano, imbaraga n'uburyo babashije gukoresha ayo mahirwe ni byo byabafashije gukomeza kuzamuka no kudasubira inyuma.

 

Itangazo ryashyizwe hanze ku wa 05 Mata 2025, n'Umunyabanga wa Amerika ushinzwe Ububanyi n'Amahanga, Marco Rubio, aho yavuze ko icyemezo cyafashwe kubera ko Sudani y'Epfo yanze kwakira Abanya-Sudani yirukanye ku butaka bwayo.

Yagize ati 'Leta ya Sudani y'Epfo yananiwe kwakira Abanya-Sudani y'Epfo ku gihe.'

Nyuma yo kubyanga Amerika yahise ifata umwanzuro wo guhagarika Viza zifitwe n'Abanya-Sudani y'Epfo ndetse no guhagarika Viza z'abifuza kwinjira muri iki gihugu.

Amerika ivuga ko iki cyemezo kizagumaho kugeza ubwo Sudani y'Epfo izemera kwakira abaturage bayo yirukanye.

Perezida Donald Trump yagiye yumvikana kenshi avuga ko azagabanya abimukira badafite ibyagombwa muri Amerika akabohereza mu bihugu bakomokamo.

Rubio yakomeje avuga ko ari cyo gihe ngo Leta ya Sudani y'Epfo ihagarike kungukira muri Amerika.

Ati 'Iki nicyo gihe ngo Leta ya Sudani y'Epfo ihagarike kungukira muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.'

Rubio yahagamariye ibihugu byose kwakira abaturage byo ku gihe cyagenwe.

Ati 'Ibihugu byose bikwiriye kwakira abaturage babyo ku gihe, mu gihe ibindi bihugu, harimo na Amerika, bihisemo kohereza abenegihugu b'ibyo bihugu.'

Ntabwo ari ubwa mbere Amerika ihagaritse Viza ku baturage bo mu gihugu cya Afurika kubera ko mu 2020, yafashe icyemezo cyo guhagarika gutanga Viza ku Barundi bose.

Rubio yavuze ko Amerika yahagaritse gutanga Viza ku baturage bo muri Sudani y’Epfo bose

Ubushinjacyaha bw'u Rwanda bugaragaza ko hari impapuro 1147 zisaba guta muri yombi abakekwaho uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bari mu bihugu by'amahanga, ariko bigenda biguru ntege mu kubafata.

Ubwo yari mu Nama Mpuzamahanga ku Kwibuka ku nshuro ya 31 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ku wa 6 Mata 2025, Alice Wairimu Nderitu, yavuze ko abarenga 530 bakurikiranyweho uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bakidegembya muri RDC.

Ati 'Ababarirwa muri 530 baba muri RDC. Niba aba bantu bashyiriweho ibirego n'urukiko rwa Loni [ICTR] bakaba bidegembya ubwo 'ntibizongere' ivuze iki? Kuki tudashyira hamwe ngo dushakishe aho abo bantu bari hanyuma tugashyira igitutu kuri guverinoma kugira ngo abo bantu bagezwe mu butabera.'

Nderitu yavuze ko umuryango mpuzamahanga wananiwe gushyira mu bikorwa imyanzuro yafashwe n'Akanama ka Loni gashinzwe umutekano irimo no guhana abagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Ati 'Umuryango mpuzamahanga ukwiye kwibaza. Ntabwo wahana umujura wibye igare ariko ngo ukomeze kubana n'umuntu wateguye kandi agashyira mu bikorwa jenoside yahitanye abantu barenga miliyoni.'

Yahamije ko nyuma ya Jenoside abayirikotse baba bafite ibyago byikubye inshuro eshatu byo kongera kwibasirwa.

Impapuro u Rwanda rwoherereje ibihugu by'Isi zisaba guta muri yombi abagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi harimo 962 zoherejwe mu bihugu bya Afurika, ariko nta muntu byari byoherereza u Rwanda cyangwa ngo bimuburanishe.

Impapuro 143 zoherejwe mu bihugu by'i Burayi, 37 zoherezwa muri Amerika no muri Aziya, ebyiri muri Australia.

U Bufaransa bwohererejwe impapuro 47, mu gihe u Bubiligi bwohererejwe zigera kuri 40. Nubwo hari abantu bake ibi bihugu byaburanishije ariko haracyari umubare munini w'abo bigikingiye ikibaba.

Ubushinjacyaha bw'u Bufaransa, mu Ishami rishinzwe gukurikirana ibyaha by'iterabwoba harimo n'ibya Jenoside, mu 2024 bwatangaje ko bagikora iperereza kuri dosiye 40 z'abakekwaho ibyaha bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Nderitu ati 'Byibaze, ubaze Guverinoma yawe, wibaze ngo ni iki gituma abantu bakorana n'abagize uruhare muri Jenoside? Kuki guverinoma iyo ari yo yose yakorana na bo? Niba guverinoma yawe ikingira ikibaba abakoze Jenoside? Ni ngombwa kubyibaza. Abantu bashyiriweho ibirego n'urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha kuki tubahisha? Kandi bari hose, navuze kuri 530 bari muri RDC ariko hari abandi benshi bari mu bindi bihugu.'

Nderitu yahamije ko umuryango mpuzamahanga ukwiye kwigaya mu gihe habayeho kwibuka ku nshuro ya 31 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi hari ibihugu bigicumbikiye abakoze Jenoside bakidegembya, byarabemereye gukomeza gukwirakwiza ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside no gukwiza ibinyoma ku bantu bari kwibasirwa.

Kugeza ubu mu ngabo za Leta ya Congo, FARDC habarizwamo abarwanyi ba FDLR bashinjwa ibyaha bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ndetse umwe muri bo witwa Brig Gen Gakwerere Jean Baptiste aherutse gufatwa n'abarwanyi ba M23 yambaye impuzankano ya FARDC yoherezwa mu Rwanda.

Iyi nama yitabiriwe n’ingeri zinyuranye z’abantu

Abashakashatsi abahanga n’abandi baturutse mu bihugu bitandukanye bari kurebera hamwe uko bahangana n’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside

Alice Nderitu (uwa kabiri ibumoso) yavuze ko bidakwiye ko ibihugu bikomeza gukorana n’abajenosideri

Ni umwanya wo kurebera hamwe ingamba zafatwa ngo Jenoside ntizongere ukundi