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Kuri uyu wa Gatandatu tariki 05 Kamena 2021 nibwo iyi mibiri y’inzirakarengane zazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 yashyinguwe mu cyubahiro.

Umuyobozi wa Ibuka mu Karere ka Kayonza, Ndindabahizi Didace, yabwiye IGIHE ko iki gikorwa cyo gushakisha iyi mibiri cyatangiye mu mwaka ushize wa 2020.

Kuyishyingura mu cyubahiro yavuze ko ari igikorwa cyabashimishije kuko biri mu rwego rwo guha agaciro ababo bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Ati “Twishimye kuko nk’uko mubizi kuyishyingura mu cyubahiro icya mbere ni uguha icyubahiro abacu bishwe bambuwe no kubahesha agaciro kanini bidufasha kumva ko tugeze ku rwego rwo gusubiza abacu bambuwe agaciro ubwo bicwagwa.”

Yongeyeho ko muri aka Karere ka Kayonza imibiri isaga ibihumbi 26 ari iyo ishyinguwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994 aboneraho gusaba abafite amakuru y’ahiciwe Abatutsi kuyatanga kugira ngo nayo ishyingurwe mu cyubahiro cyane ko imibare iri mu nzibutso za Jenosie yakorewe Abatutsi ari mike ugereranyije n’iy’abishwe.

Imwe mu mibiri yakuwe mu cyuzi yashyinguwe mu cyubahiro

Mu Cyuzi cya Ruramira aho iyo mibiri y’abishwe muri Jenoside mu 1994 yakuwe

Pariki y’Igihugu ya Gishwati-Mukura yari igizwe n’Ishyamba rya Gishwati mu 1970, aho ryari rifite ubuso bwa hegitari 27 000, ariko byageze mu 2000 risigaranye hegitari 600 gusa bingana na 2% by’uko ryanganaga mu myaka 30 ishize.

Ibi byatewe n’uko ryari ryaratangiye guturwamo ndetse ahandi hagahindurwa inzuri z’ubworozi, ndetse hagakorerwa imirimo irimo ubuhinzi n’ubuhigi, gutwika amakara n’ibindi nk’ibyo.

Mu 2002, nibwo urugendo ruganisha ku kurengera urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima bibarizwa muri iri shyamba rwatangiye, maze mu 2015 ihinduka Pariki y’igihugu ihujwe n’ishyamba rya Mukura biba Pariki ya Gishwati-Mukura. Mu 2020, iyi Pariki yinjijwe mu mirage y’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Burezi, Umuco no kurengera Ibidukikije, UNESCO.

Bamwe muri ba rushimusi bahoze bangiza iyi Pariki, bavuga ko batari bazi ingaruka z’ibyo bakoraga, bakarengera inyungu zabo bwite ariko bangiza inyungu rusange.

Kabasha Etienne wo mu Murenge wa Mushongi mu Karere ka Rutsiro, ni umwe mu bahoze bakorera ubuhinzi n’ubuhigi muri iyi Pariki ariko ubu akaba ari umukozi ushinwe kuyirinda.

Yagize ati “Mbere nahingagamo ibirayi, tugatema ibiti tugatwikamo amakara ibindi tukabicana. Iyi Pariki twahoze tuyihigiramo amafumberi n’inkima bikaribwa, izindi nyamaswa tukazica tugira ngo zitatwonera. Ishyamba ryari ryarashize hasigaye agace gato cyane, imvura yaragwaga isuri n’inkangu bakariduka bikica abantu.”

Ibi kandi byagarutsweho na Nizeyumukiza, wagize ati “Mbere natwe twari nk’inyeshyamba, kuko twarihoragamo dutwika amakara. Ubu tubayeho neza kandi dutuye ahantu heza ndetse batugejejeho n’amazi meza.”

Nyuma y’uko ibi bikorwa byo gusubiranya Pariki ya Gishwati-Mukura bitangiye, abaturage barigishijwe ndetse bamwe mu bahoze baryangiza bahabwa akazi ko kuryitaho.

Kabasha yagize ati “Twamaze kumenya agaciro ko kurengera iyi Pariki kuko ubuhinzi twaraburetse, n’abari batuyemo batujwe ahantu heza. Nahawe akazi ko kurinda iri shyamba kandi ntunze umuryango wanjye kandi ubayeho neza. Twarengeraga inyungu zacu bwite tukangiza tukangiza ibikorwa rusange.”

Umukozi mu Rwego rw’Igihugu rw’Iterambere, RDB, Ushinzwe Kurengera Urusobe rw’Ibidukikije biboneka muri iyi Pariki, Thiery Aimable Nzeyineza, yavuze ko n’ubwo hari byinshi byakozwe, hakiri abaturage bagifite imyumvire yo kwangiza iyi Pariki.

Yagize ati “Ibikorwa bya ba rushimusi byagabanyutse kuko abaturage bagenda basobanukirwa, bakanasangira ibyiza by’iyi Pariki binyuze muri gahunda yo kugira umusaruro wabonetse, uza kubafasha mu bikorwaremezo bakeneye.”

Yavuze ko hakiri imbogamizi kuri bamwe muri ba rushimusi batarumva akamaro ko kurinda iyi Pariki, ati “Turacyafite imbogamizi z’abaturage binjira muri Pariki kuko baracyafitemo imirima bahingamo, ahandi hari aho inyamaswa zibonera kubera ko bahinga hafi yazo. Tuzakomeza gufatanya nabo tubashishikarize guhinga ibihingwa bitonwa n’izi nyamaswa kuko tugomba kwiga kubana nazo.”

Umuyobozi w’Ishimi ry’Ubumenyi, Ikoranabuhanga no Guhanga Udushya muri UNESCO, Mvunabandi Dominique, avuga ko guteza imbere abaturage baturiye ibyanya bikomye no gukora ubushakashatsi ari byo bizatuma kurengera ibidukikije bishoboka.

Yagize ati “Icyo dushyize imbere ni uguteza imbere abaturage baturiye ibyanya bikomye n’aho ibyo byanya biri, tuzakomeza gukora ubushakashatsi ariko tunigisha abaturage kubana neza n’ibidukikije biba muri ibyo byanya, kugira ngo bibagirire akamaro.”

Pariki y’Igihugu ya Gishwati-Mukura iri ku buso bwa hegitari 3 000, ikaba yakira abashyitsi 12 ku munsi basura igice cy’Ishyamba rya Gishwati kibonekamo impundu, inkende n’inkima, inyoni z’amoko menshi, imisozi, ibiti n’amasumo. Iyi Pariki ikora ku turere twa Nyabihu, Ngororero, Rubavu na Rutsiro.

Mu Rwanda habarirwa ibyanya bikomye bya Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga, Pariki y’Igihugu y’Akagera, Pariki y’Igihugu ya Nyungwe na Pariki y’Igihugu ya Gishwati-Mukura bigira uruhare runini mu gucumbikira urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye no gukurura ba mukerararugendo baturutse imihanda yose y’Isi.

Pariki ya Gishwati-Mukura yahinduye ubuzima bw’abahoze bayishimutamo

Aba barimu bemeza ko abana bavutse nyuma ya Jenoside n’abari kuvuka muri iyi minsi, bashobora kutazamenya amateka n’ubukana Jenoside yari ifite, bityo hakaba hakenewe ko abayabonye bayashyira mu bitabo, ndetse n’uburyo bwo kuyigisha bukavugururwa, ku buryo abana bajya bajyanwa gusura inzibutso bakiri bato, bikiyongera ku masomo bahabwa mu ishuri.

Umwarimu witwa Munyandekwe Hussein yagize ati “Niba Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yarabaye, hakaba amahirwe hakagira abana barokoka bagakura bazi ayo mateka, uko bayafata bitandukanye n’uko abana bari kuvuka uyu munsi bayafata, rero bisaba imbaraga mu kuyigisha no kwandika ibitabo biyavugaho ndetse abana bakajyanwa gusura inzibutso bakiri bato bakamenya amateka bakanayubaha.”

Umuyobozi wa ESSI Nyamirambo, Ntamuturano Abdou, nawe yemeza ko hagakwiye gushyirwa imbaraga mu kwigisha Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, abana bakumva ubukana yari ifite kugira ngo amateka yayo atazasibangana.

Ati “Icyo aba bana bari kuvuka ubu n’abavutse nyuma ya Jenoside bakorerwa, ni ukubereka by’umwihariko amateka yaranze igihugu cyacu. Tukabereka uko Abanyarwanda bari babanye mbere y’umwaduko y’abazungu, bakabasha kumenya ubumwe n’ubufatanye bwariho icyo gihe n’uko bwasenywe n’abakoroni, bigatuma Jenoside ishyirwa mu bikorwa.”

Umunyeshuri witwa Uwimpuwe Christella, yavuze ko bifuza kujya bitabira ibikorwa byo kwibuka ndetse n’inzibutso, mu rwego rwo kumenya amateka y’u Rwanda.

Ati “Numva icyakorwa ari ugutegura ibikorwa byo kwibuka kuko bidufasha gukomeza kumva ayo mateka tukayamenya.”

Muri rusange, isomo rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 ryigishwa mu burezi bw’u Rwanda, icyakora aba barimu basanga rikwiye kunganirwa n’ibindi bikorwa birimo nko gutegura ingendoshuri ku nzibutso ziri mu Rwanda.

Ishuri rya ESSI Nyamirambo ryibutse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994

Abanyeshuri basobanuriwe amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994

Aba banyeshuri biga mu mwaka wa gatatu, mu gahinda kenshi basobanura ko umwarimu wabigishije amasomo abiri ariyo “Management Accounting” na “Financial Reporting”, yahisemo gufatira amanota yabo bitewe n’umwenda aberewemo na Kaminuza kandi ko bo biri kubagiraho ingaruka mu gihe nta ruhare babigizemo.

Mu gusobanura iki kibazo, mu rwandiko rutabaza, bagaragaje ko hashize amezi atatu ubuyobozi bwose bwa Kaminuza bukizi, uhereye ku muyobozi mukuru kugera no ku muyobozi w’ishami rya Nyagatare ariko butigeze bugira icyo bugikoraho.

Nyamara n’ubwo aho babigejeje hose batigeze bagira icyo babikoraho Kaminuza yanzuye ko abanyeshuri bazakora isubiramo nk’abantu batsinzwe ayo masomo.

Iyo baruwa igira iti “Kaminuza yanzuye ko tugomba gukora isubiramo nk’abatsinzwe ayo masomo, (retake), nta kimenyetso ko twayatsinzwe. Nyamara umwarimu we avuga ko tuzabona amanota yacu ari uko Kaminuza yamwishyuye umwenda imufitiye. Ayo masomo twayize turi mu mwaka wa kabiri ni ukuvuga mu mwaka w’amashuri wa 2019-2020.”

Abo banyeshuri bakomeza bagaragaza ko n’ubwo bari kwiga mu mwaka wa gatatu batazi aho babarizwa muri iki gihe kuko bose kwiyandikisha bitigeze bikunda.

Ati ” Kubera icyo kibazo ntituzi n’aho turi kubarizwa, niba ari mu wa kabiri cyangwa mu wa gatatu, bitewe n’uko tutabashije no kwiyandikisha mu mwaka wa 2020-2021, kandi biri no gutuma tutabona amafaranga adufasha kubaho (Living allowance) ku banyeshuri barihirwa na Leta ndetse n’amafaranga y’ishuri ku birihira.”

Ubusanzwe umunyeshuri wa Kaminuza kugira ngo yiyandikishe mu wundi mwaka agiye kujyamo bisaba kuba nta mwenda w’umwaka ushize afitiye Kaminuza cyangwa se nta somo yatsinzwe ntibigaragare ko yarisubiyemo ngo ari tsinde cyangwa ngo arisiberemo, iyo afite kimwe muri ibi bibazo bituma atabasha kwiyandikisha muri systeme ya Kaminuza.

Muri kaminuza kandi hari ushobora kumva ngo gusubiramo isomo watsinzwe ukagira ngo ari ibintu byoroshye ariko si ko biri kuko bigusaba kwiyishyurira amafaranga runaka bitewe n’isomo.

Kwishyura isomo harebwa ibizwi nka Credit rifite kandi imwe ibarirwa 6500 Frw.

Umwe mu bahaye IGIHE amakuru yavuze ko ayo masomo basabwa gusubiramo rimwe rifite credit 10 bivuze ko urikora yakwishyura 65000 Frw naho irindi rikagira 15 bivuze ko byasaba 97500 Frw, nibuze buri munyeshuri yasabwa amafaranga 162500 Frw kugira ngo asubiremo ayo masomo.

Uyu munyeshuri kandi yavuze ko biri no kugira ingaruka ku banyeshuri benshi bishyurirwaga n’imiryango itandukanye kuko akenshi usanga babanza kubabaza amanota y’umwaka basoje kugira ngo babone kubaha amafaranga yo kwishyura ishuri cyangwa yo kubafasha mu buzima bw’ishuri.

Kutiyandikisha muri system ya Kamanuza ku banyeshuri barihirwa na Leta (bahawe buruse) bituma batabona amafaranga bagenerwa buri kwezi yo kubafasha kubaho.

Kuri ubu umunyeshuri agenerwa 40000 Frw buri kwezi kandi Banki y’Iterambere mu Rwanda(RDB) anyuzwamo igendera ku banyeshuri bamaze kwiyandikisha yahawe na Kaminuza.

Umwarimu wafatiriye amanota y’aba banyeshuri, kuri ubu ari muri Uganda, Tumwine James, yabwiye IGIHE ko gufatira aya manota byatewe n’umwenda w’amafaranga ari hagati ya miliyoni 10 Frw na 20 Frw, kaminuza imubereyemo kuva mu 2014-2019 yo gukora amasaha y’ikirenga kandi yayasabye kenshi ikamwirengagiza.

Ati “Gufatira amanota byatewe ahanini n’abayobozi badashaka kwishyura umwenda wacu batubareyemo, twarabisabye, turabinginga inshuro nyinshi, aho kutwishyura ahubwo bakadukangisha ko dushobora gutakaza n’akazi badushinja imyitwarire mibi.”

“Nanjye nahisemo gufatira amanota kugira ngo babanze banyishyure amafaranga yanjye mpite ntanga amanota ku banyeshuri kandi n’ubaza n’abanyeshuri barakubwira nk’ibyo ndi kukubwira.”

Mu nyandiko zitandukanye IGIHE ifitiye kopi, uyu mwarimu yagiye asaba kaminuza kumwishyura, zigaragaza ko yakoze amasaha y’ikirenga 3216 ngo kandi nyamara hari bagenzi be bagiye bishyurwa.

Umuyobozi w’Ishami rya Nyagatare, Epimaque Niyibizi, yabwiye IGIHE ko adashobora gutangira amakuru kuri telefoni kuri iki kibazo ariko yemeza ko hari ibimenyetso bihari bigisobanura mu buryo burambuye.

Abanyeshuri bavuga ko bifuza kuva mu gihirahiro bagasobanurirwa uko bizagenda kuko biri kubagiraho ingaruka mu buryo bunyuranye bushobora no gutuma bamwe muri bo badakomeza kwiga kubera ikibazo cy’ubushobozi buke.

Abanyeshuri bo muri UR Nyagatare basabye gufashwa kugira ngo babone amanota yabo

Uyu mudipolomate w’imyaka 50, yageze mu Rwanda bwa mbere mu 1995 nyuma gato ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, yibonera uburyo igihugu cyari cyarasenyutse, anaba umuhamya w’iterambere cyagezeho ubwo yari agarutse mu 2018, aje guhagararira u Bwongereza mu Rwanda.

Mu kiganiro na The New Times, Lomas yavuze ko ababajwe n’uko avuye mu Rwanda, kuko hari byinshi yahakunze birimo ikirere cyiza, imikorere y’abayobozi b’u Rwanda ndetse n’amafunguro arimo imbuto.

Avuga ku byo azakumbura, yagize ati “Ni ikirere. Ndakeka u Rwanda rufite ikirere cyiza ku Isi. Nzakumbura ibiryo byo mu Rwanda, inyama z’ingurube, avoka n’izindi mbuto ndetse n’imboga.”

Yongeyeho ati “Nzakumbura abantu ndetse no gukorana na Leta y’u Rwanda. Abanyarwanda twakoranye, barimo abakora muri Leta, imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta ndetse n’itangazamakuru, ni abantu bafite ubwenge kandi bishimye, bifuriza u Rwanda gutera imbere.”

Yavuze ko ubwo yari mu Rwanda, yatunguwe n’uburyo abayobozi b’u Rwanda bajyaga bigomwa umwanya wabo w’ikiruhuko, bakamutumira nyuma y’amasaha y’akazi.

Yagize ati “Si ahantu henshi, aho nk’umudipolomate utumirwa kuganira na Minisitiri Saa Kumi n’Imwe z’umugoroba. Ibyo birasanzwe mu Rwanda kuko abayobozi bita cyane ku iterambere ry’igihugu. Rero nzakumbura iyo mikorere.”

Icyemezo cyo gusubika CHOGM cyafashwe n’u Rwanda

Ku nshuro ya kabiri yikurikiranya, Inama ya CHOGM ihuza abayobozi b’ibihugu bikoresha ururimi rw’icyongereza, Commonwealth, yarasubitswe bitewe n’icyorezo cya Covid-19.

Ni isubikwa ryabaye nyuma y’uruzindiko rwa Minisitiri Ushinzwe Commonwealth mu Bwongereza, Tariq Ahmad, wari wavuze ko u Rwanda rwiteguye kwakira iyi nama kandi ikazagenda neza.

Jo Lomas yahishuye ko nyuma y’uko u Bwongereza ndetse n’Ubunyamabanga Bukuru bwa Commonwealth basanze imyiteguro y’u Rwanda iri ku rwego rwiza mu kwakira iyi nama, bahaye u Rwanda uburenganzira bwo gusuzuma niba ruzayakira cyangwa rutazayakira.

Bitewe n’impungenge z’uburyo icyorezo cya Covid-19 cyari gihagaze ku rwego rw’Isi, u Rwanda rwafashe icyemezo cyo gusubika iyi nama, kandi iki cyemezo ni cyo cyari gikwiye, nk’uko Lomas yabitangaje.

Yagize ati “[Ubwo Tariq Ahmad yasuraga u Rwanda], yamenyesheje Leta y’u Rwanda ko icyemezo cyo kwakira cyangwa gusubika iyi nama kizafatwa n’u Rwanda, kandi twari bushyigikire icyemezo cyose bari bufate. Icyo Commonwealth yakoze byari ukubiganiriza ibindi bihugu kandi byaje kwemezwa ko abayobozi benshi batari biteguye kuza.”

CHOGM yasubitswe nyuma y’uko abayobozi b’ibihugu batanu gusa ari bo bari bamaze kwemeza ko bazitabira CHOGM, mu gihe 15% by’abazitabira iyi nama ari bo bari bamaze kwiyandikisha ugereranyije n’abitabiriye mu nama zabanje.

Byari bushoboke ko abayobozi b’ibihugu byo muri Afurika no mu Burayi bari bugere mu Rwanda byoroshye, ariko abantu bo mu bihugu bya kure bari bugorwe no kugera i Kigali.

U Rwanda rwasubitse iyo nama kuko rwashakaga kuzakira iyi nama mu buryo bwuzuye na cyane ko rwashoye byinshi mu kwitegura iyi nama.

Lomas yagize ati “U Rwanda rwagaragaje ko rwiteguye kwakira CHOGM yuzuye. Twese twemeranyije ko iyi nama idakwiye kuba mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga. U Rwanda ntirwifuzaga ko zimwe mu nama zisubikwa cyangwa se ko abantu bamwe bazitabira bari i Kigali abandi bakitabira mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga.”

Yakomeje agira ati “U Rwanda rwahisemo kwimura iyi nama ikazaba mu buryo bwiza kandi CHOGM ikazagenda neza mu buryo bukwiye. Twateguye ko hari ibyo twari buganiriho bijyanye na CHOGM turi kumwe na Minisitiri Ahmad…[ntibitangaje ko u Rwanda] rwafashe iki cyemezo nyuma y’uruzinduko rwe. Dushyigikiye icyemezo cy’u Rwanda kandi tuzakomeza kugishyigikira kugera igihe cyo kwakira inama.”

U Bwongereza buzakora iki ku bagize uruhare muri Jenoside bakihisheyo?

Jo Lomas yavuze ko u Bwongereza buri gukora iperereza ku bakekwaho kugira uruhare Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi babwihishemo.

Yagize ati “Imikorere y’ubutabera bw’u Bwongereza itwara igihe kandi iperereza rigomba guhuza ibimenyetso byose by’ubutabera bw’u Bwongereza. Rigomba kugera ku nkomoko y’icyaha. Polisi irimo gukora ibiganiro n’abantu kandi iri gusuzuma ibintu byose, ni igikorwa kigari cyane.”

Bajinya Vincent, Mutabaruka Célestin, Munyaneza Charles, Célestin Ugirashebuja na Nteziryayo Emmanuel ni bamwe mu banyarwanda bakekwaho uruhare muri Jenoside bari mu Bwongereza.

Hashize igihe u Rwanda rusaba ko boherezwa i Kigali kugira ngo baburanishwe cyangwa se ngo ubutabera bw’u Bwongereza aribwo bufata izo nshingano.

Lomas yavuze ko “Icyiza ari uko ibintu bigenda gahoro ariko bikazagera ku kuri.”

Uruzinduko rwa Macron si ihangana hagati y’u Bufaransa n’u Bwongereza

Mu 2008, u Rwanda rwahinduye Icyongereza ururimi rukoreshwa mu burezi, rusimbuye Igifaransa cyakoreshwaga kuva rwabona ubwigenge mu 1962.

U Bwongereza kimwe n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa bafashe iya mbere mu gishyigikira uyu mugambi, binyuze mu gutera inkunga imishinga yo kwigisha abarimu Icyongereza ndetse no gukwirakwiza ibitabo byanditswe muri urwo rurimi mu mashuri atandukanye.

Ku rundi ruhande, muri iyi minsi umubano w’u Bufaransa n’u Rwanda umaze gutera imbere nyuma y’uko icyo gihugu cyemeye uruhare cyagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda, ndetse Perezida Emmanuel Macron akagirira uruzinduko rw’amateka mu Rwanda.

Hari abaketse ko uyu mubano mwiza hagati y’u Rwanda n’u Bufaransa ushobora gukoma mu nkokora uwari usanzwe hagati yarwo n’u Bwongereza, ariko Lomas yavuze ko ibi atari ko bimeze.

Yagize ati “Ntitubibona nk’ihangana. Twishimiye kubona umubano w’u Rwanda n’u Bufaransa utera imbere. Tuzakomeza gufasha amashuri kugira ubumenyi bw’Icyongereza kandi niba Igifaransa kiziyongera [ku ndimi zigishwa mu Rwanda] dushyigikiye igitekerezo cy’uko abana b’u Rwanda bamenya indimi nyinshi.”

Lomas kandi yavuze ko yishimira uburyo u Rwanda n’u Bwongereza bihuriye ku nganda zirimo kurwanya iyangirika ry’ikirere, avuga ko atari buri gihe ibihugu byombi byumvikanaga kuri buri ngingo, ariko ko “Icyo ibihugu byombi bihuriyeho kiruta icyo bidahuriyeho.”

Yavuze kandi ko Perezida Kagame yamushimiye ku ruhare icyo gihugu cyagize mu iterambere ry’u Rwanda, anizeza ko u Bwongereza buzakomeza gufatanya n’u Rwanda mu kubaka iterambere rirambye.

Jo Lomas wari uhagarariye u Bwongereza mu Rwanda aherutse gusezera kuri Perezida Kagame