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- Jean Kambanda
Hari abataramenye uko byagenze kugira ngo Kambanda we ubwe yiyemerere ibyaha yashinjwaga. Uburyo bwakoreshejwe icyo gihe ni bwo bwitwa tekiniki y’iciririkanya ku gihano (Plea Bargaining) ikoreshwa n’ubushinjacyaha. Kigali Today yabivuye imuzi muri iyi nkuru. Iyi nkuru kandi iragaruka ku itabwa muri yombi rya Jean Kambanda wafashwe akoherezwa imbere y’ubutabera mpuzamahanga.
Jean Kambanda yatawe muri yombi ate?
Ku bufatanye bw’inzego z’umutekano n’iz’ubutabera za Kenya zifatanyije n’ubugenzacyaha ndetse n’ubushinjacyaha bw’urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR) , mu rukerera rwa tariki ya 18 mu kwa karindwi mu 1997 nibwo hatangiye igikorwa cya Operation NAKI (Operation Nairobi-Kigali ) cyafatiwemo abari baragize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 bari bihishe mu gihugu cya Kenya.
Cyari igikorwa cyateguwe mu buryo bw’ibanga ku buryo hari amakuru amwe n’amwe banze gusangiza inzego z’umutekano kuko zashoboraga kuburira bamwe mu bashakishwaga n’ubushinjacyaha bw’urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda .
Kutabwira aya amakuru inzego z’umutekano bakazibwira ku munsi wa nyuma wo guta muri yombi abo bantu ryari itegeko ryatanzwe na Madame Louise ARBOUR wari umushinjacyaha mukuru w’uru rukiko.
Mu gutangira Operation NAKI, mu gitondo cya tariki 18 z’ukwezi kwa karindwi habayeho akanama gato ku biro bikuru by’i Gipolisi muri Nairobi ;iyi nama yari igamije gutanga ishusho ku gikorwa ndetse no kugaragaza uko kiri bukorwe. Abari aho bagabanyijwemo amakipe ajyanye n’umubare wabari bagiye gufatwa.
Ikipe yabaga igizwe na bamwe bo mu nzego z’umutekano za Kenya bagombaga gufata abakekwa. Mu ikipe kandi habaga harimo Umunyarwanda uzi neza ugiye gufatwa kugira ngo aze kwemeza ko ufashwe ari we. Abandi babaga bari muri iyo kipe bari abashinjacyaha n’abagenzacyaha b’urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda ICTR babaga bakurikirana icyo gikorwa .
Guhera icyo gihe tariki ya 18 mu kwa karindwi 1997 abakekwaga batangiye gutabwa muri yombi umwe ku wundi. Uwafatwaga yahitaga amenyeshwa uburenganzira bwe nk’uko amategeko abiteganya .
Ubu burenganzira burimo nko kuguma ucecetse kuko icyo uvuze cyose gishobora kuba ikimenyetso mu rubanza, kugira umwunganizi mu mategeko(avocat) ndetse n,ibindi .
Nyuma abari batawe muri yombi barimo Jean Kambanda wari Minisitiri w’Intebe muri Leta y’Abatabazi bahise burizwa imodoka z’inzego z’umutekano za Kenya bajyanwa aho bagombaga gutegerereza kugirango bahite boherezwe i Arusha muri Tanzania kuri ICTR.
Nyuma ya Operation NAKI Kambanda yahise yoherezwa i Arusha muri Tanzania bwa mbere Jean Kambanda yagaragaye mu rukiko tariki 16 mu kwa cumi mu 1997 gusa ntiyaruhije urukiko ahubwo yatanze ubuhamya bw’uburyo Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi yateguwe nuko yashyizwe mu bikorwa ndetse ubwe yiyemerera ibyaha byose yashinjwaga.
Urubanza rwa Jean Kambanda rwasomwe ku itariki ya 4 z’u kwezi kwa cyenda mu 1998 rwari ruyobowe n’umucamanza wari perezida w’inteko iburanisha ariwe umunya Senegal LAITY KAMA aho yari kumwe n’abandi bacamanza babiri aribo umunyaswede LENNART ASPEGREN n’ umunyafurika yepfo witwa NAVANETHEM PILLAY , Umwanditsi w’urukiko yari umunyanijeriya AGWU UKIWE OKIALI naho umushinjacyaha washinje Jean Kamabanda muri uru rubanza yari umushinjacyaha mukuru wungirije wa ICTR umunyakameruni BERNARD MUNA.
Plea Barganing (iciririkanya ku gihano) : Tekiniki yakoreshejwe kugirango Kambanda yemere ibyaha
Ubundi mu mategeko hari ihame ryitwa Plea Bargaining ugenekereje mu Kinyarwanda ni nk’iciririkanya ku gihano .
Iyi tekiniki ikoreshwa n’abashinjacyaha ikoreshwa iyo ukurikiranweho icyaha ari imbere y’ubushinjacyaha , ubushinjacyaha bugikusanya ibimenyetso ku cyaha cyakozwe kugirango bujyane ikibazo (case) mu rukiko bufite ibimenyetso bifatika ku cyaha cyakozwe.
Aha umushinjacyaha akoresha amayeri yose kugirango abone ibimenyetso ku cyaha cyakozwe , umushinjacyaha asaba ukekwaho icyaha kumubwiza ukuri ku cyaha cyakozwe nawe akamwizeza kuzamusabira igihano gito imbere y’umucamanza.
Uretse kugusabira igihano gito ku cyaha cyakozwe umushinjacyaha ashobora no ku kwizeza ibindi bintu birimo n’amafaranga kugirango akunde agere ku bimenyetso bimworohereza mu kazi.
Nubwo ariko umushinjacyaha aba ashobora kugusabira igihano gito mu rukiko kubera ko wagaragaje ubufatanye mu gihe cyo gukusanya ibimenyetso ntabwo ariwe uba ufite ijambo rya nyuma ryo kugena igihano ku cyaha cyakozwe kuko nawe aba ari uruhande ruri kuburana.
Umucamanza wenyine niwe uba ufite ijambo rya nyuma ryo kugena igihano ku cyaha cyakozwe yisunze ibyo amategeko ateganya, aha rero aba ashobora kwemera cyangwa akanga iciririkanya ku gihano (Plea Bargaining) ryabayeho hagati y’ubushinjacyaha n’uregwa.
Ubwo Kambanda yageraga imbere y’umushinjacyaha Bernard MUNA , kugirango amenye amakuru yari akeneye ku byaha bya jenoside byakozwe yakoresheje ubu buryo bwa Plea Bargaining amwizeza ku musabira igihano gito , ku muha amafaranga ,kumuha ubuhungiro bw’umuryango we mu bihugu byo ku mugabane w’uburayi nawe agafashwa kubonayo ubuhungiro no kubonayo akazi mu gihe yari kuba arangije igihano cye.
Imbere y’ubushinjacyaha n’imbere y’urukiko ibyaha byose Kambanda yashinjwaga yarabyemeye yizeye ko azagabanirizwa igihano agahabwa n’ibyo yari yemerewe bindi.
N’ubwo ubu buryo busanzwe bukoreshwa hagati y’umushinjacyaha n’uregwa nkuko twabibonye hejuru ntabwo biba ari ihame ko umucamanza ashyira mu bikorwa ibyo ubushinjacyaha byose buba bwemereye uregwa .
Byatumye abacamanza b’urukiko rwa Arusha umunya Senegal LAITY KAMA umunyaswede LENNART ASPEGREN n’ umunyafurika yepfo NAVANETHEM PILLAY batemera ubyo ubushinjacyaha bwari bwasabiye Kambanda harimo igihano kigufi kitagombaga kurenza imyaka 15 nkuko yari yabisabiwe n’ubushinjacyaha.
Nyuma yo kwemera ibi byaha ku giti cye hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa Plea Barganing nibwo ku itariki 4 mu kwa cyenda mu 1998 Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rwa ICTR rwamuhamije ibyaha bya Jenoside ;icyaha cyo gukangurira abaturage gukora Jenoside ;Ubufatanyacyaha mu gukora Jenoside , kudakoresha ububasha yari afite ngo ahagarike jenoside n’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu akatirwa igifungo cya burundu.
Jean Kambanda yaguye mu kantu kuko yumvaga ibyo yemerewe n’ubushinjacyaha bizakurikizwa akagabanirizwa igihano , nyuma yahise ajuriria ariko kubera ariwe wari wariyemereye ibyaha byose igihano ntabwo cyahindutse cyaje no gushimangirwa mu rugereko rw’ubujurire bw’urukiko rwa Arusha ku itariki 19 ukwakira mu 2000 nyuma ahita yoherezwa mu gihugu cya Mali muri Gereza ya Koulikoro aho arimo kurangiriza igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu yahawe.
Plea Barganing isanzwe ikoreshwa mu mategeko hari ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bitayemera ko ikoreshwa kuko basanze ishobora gutuma abantu bemera ibyaha bagendeye ku gitutu n’ibyo baba bizezwa bakaba bakwemera n’ibyo batakoze.
Hari n’aho rimwe na rimwe ubu buryo bukoreshwa nabi abantu bamwe na bamwe bitewe n’ibyo bijejwe aho baba bashobora kubeshyera abandi bakaba bahanirwa ibyaha batakoze.
Ku rwego rw’ubushinjacyaha bwo ubu buryo bugira akamaro kuko bworoshya akazi mu gihe cy’ikusanya bimenyetso (Collection of evidence) no mu gihe cy’iburana kuko umucamanza aba ashaka gutsinda urubanza we akoresha ibishoboka byose ngo agere ku makuru yamufasha.
Ubu buryo iyo budakoreshejwe neza n’ubushinjacyaha bushobora no gutera ubunebwe ubushinjacyaha ntibucukumbure ngo bugere mu mizi y’icyaha mu gihe buhisemo kwizera ko ibyo bwabwiwe byose ari ukuri ntibukomeze gucukumbura.
Kugirango tubasobanurire ubu buryo neza twifashishije urubanza rwa Jean Kambanda ubwo yari ari imbere y’urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rwa Arusha rwashyiriweho uRwanda gusa hari n’izindi manza zigaragaramo ko zakoreshejwemo ubu buryo kuko hamwe na hamwe amategeko abwemera.
