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Author: webrwanda

  • Umuntu wabatijwe mu Mwuka Wera ashobobora kumwakwa? Wakora iki ngo agaruke? #rwanda #RwOT

    Ibyaha, kuyoborwa na kamere, kureka aho wajyaga uhurira n’Imana, kutagira urukundo bishobora gutuma Umwuka Wera yigendera, nyamara umuntu yari yarabonye umubatizo w’Umwuka Wera. Hari icyo usabwa gukora rero niba ibyo byarakubayeho!

    Iyo Imana iguhaye(ubatijwe mu) Mwuka Wera, ni nko gufata inzu ukayishyiramo amasinga y’amashanyarazi. Natwe burya imibiri yacu ni inzu y’Umwuka Wera, iyo Umwuka Wera aje mu bice 3 bigize umuntu( Umwuka, umubiri n’ubugingo), ajya mu gace k’itwa Umwuka, wa Mwuka Imana yahumekeye mu muntu ikimara kumurema aho yatuye.

    Twifashije urugero rw’inzu n’amashanyarazi, iyo umaze kuyubaka ukayesitaramo amasinga, ikiba gisigaye ukeneye ni ugushyiramo Kashipawa, hakazabaho n’ipoto izana umuriro kuburyo mbese inzu izaka. Umwuka Wera ajya azima mu muntu nk’uko umuriro mu nzu ujya uzima mu buryo nka bubiri: Hari ubwo umuriro ubura kubera amayinite yashizemo, cyangwa se iyo ku kigo gishinzwe gutanga umuriro igihe bakupye bitewe n’impamvu runaka. Hari nubwo rero umuriro bawukupa kubera ko ufitanye ikibazo n’icyo kigo, bagakupa kugeza igihe uzajya kwikiranura nabo kubw’icyo kibazo.

    Bijya binabaho rero mu buzima bw’umuntu iyo yananiranye ku Mana, Umwuka Wera akigendera, aho Imana ivuga ngo 'Umwuka wanjye ntazahora aruhanya n’abantu'. Umuntu wese rero wigeze kubatizwa mu Mwuka Wera akawuzura, tugendeye ku rugero rwa ya nzu muri we amasinga aracyahari, ntabwo ameze nk’utagira Umwuka Wera. Icyo uba usabwa ni ukureba aho byapfiriye, habaye iki? Ntiwuve ko byarangiye, biracyashoboka ko Umwuka Wera yakugarukira.

    Reka twongere tubirebere ku rundi rugero rw’umubyeyi wonsa: Umuntu wigeze konsa (wabyaye), umwana hanyuma akaba amaze imyaka nk’icumi yaracuze cyangwa wenda atakibyara, ubwo yigeze yonsa aramutse ariye isombe, akanywa igikoma bakamuzanira agahinja burya yakonsa. Umuntu wese wazimye mu Mwuka iyo amenye aho bipfira, ntibisa nk’utarigeze kubatizwa mu Mwuka Wera, uwo muntu iyo ahindukiye Umwuka Wera yongera kumugarukira.

    Ni ibiki bizimya Umwuka Wera

    Gutakaza Urukundo: Umuririmbyi yagize ati' Mu gihe ubona ko utagifite urukundo, menya ko Umwuka Wera yabonye ko uyoborwa n’umubiri wawe akigendera. Iyo wirukanye Umwuka Wera bitewe nuko uyoborwa n’umubiri wawe, arigendera ariko ntabwo ajya kure aba hafi yawe ategereje ko wamubwira uti garuka. Iyo uyoborwa na kamere, Umwuka Wera arigendera.

    Ikindi ni ibyaha: ibyaha byiruka Umwuka w’Imana mu buzima bwacu

    IKindi ni ukureka aho uhurira n’Imana: Mu mwuka w’Imana habamo konegisiyo( connection), nshobora kuba mfite telephone yanjye, ariko iri ahantu hatari amarezo.

    Ukwiye kumenya ngo nihe mpurira n’Imana nkagira ibihe byiza: N’indirimbo ndirimba, ni amasengesho? Uko ugabanya ibihe byawe n’ubusabane bwawe n’Imana, niko n’ibihe byo gusenga bishira. Niba warasengaga nijo ukabireka, uko ugena ubizimya bigera aho bikazima. Icyo usabwa ni ukongera ugakora ibyo wakoraga mbere, Bibiliya iravuga ngo 'Ibuka aho wavuye ukagwa ukore imirimo nk’iyambere’.

    Ntabwo Umwuka Wera ajya kure y’umuntu yigeze kubamo

    Impamvu Umwuka Wera atajya ajya kure, ni uko haba hari ibimenyetso biba muri uwo muntu, hari ibikoresho bye bigihari. Aba ameze nk’umuntu washatse akabyara abana muri urwo rugo, ntushobora guhakana ko utabyaye n’ubwo waba warashwanye n’uwo mwashakanye. Abana mu fitanye, uko mwabanaga, ntushobora gusiba ayo mateka. Bibiliya itubwira umwana w’ikirara ko yisubiyemo, agasubira iwabo. None se hari uwamujyanye iwabo? Yari ahazi, yisubiyemo asubira iwabo.

    Nk’uko uwo mwana yisubiyemo, niko n’umuntu wese azi ibihe yagiraga, niwe uzi ukuntu yasengaga, Umwuka Wera ntiyagiye kure ye ahubwo ikibazo kiri kuri we. Ntabwo ikibazo kiri ku Mwuka cyangwa ku Mana.

    Kubera iki Umwuka Wera atajya kure y’umuntu wigeze kumubatizwamo?

    Umwuka Wera ni Imana! Si ikintu, si ukuntu, ntabwo ari indimi ni Imana. Imana se yajya kure y’umuntu akabaho? No kuba wumva ubutumwa nabwo ni Umwuka Wera ukuriho, no kuba ukijya mu rusengero ukumva ijambo ry’Imana, byose byakwereka ko Umwuka atakugiye kure.

    Umwuka Wera ntabwo yakugiye kure, kora ibyo usabwa : kugira urukundo, wihane ibyaha, uhuze ijambo ry’Imana n’ubuzima ubamo, reka kuyoborwa na kamere. Umwuka Wera azongera akugarukire, Amen!

    Iyi nyigisho yatambukijwe na Pasiteri Emmanel UWAMBAJE kuri Snai Tv, yose wayireba hano

    Source: Snai Tv

    [email protected]

    Source : https://agakiza.org/Umuntu-wabatijwe-mu-Mwuka-Wera-ashobobora-kumwakwa-Wakora-iki-ngo-agaruke.html

  • Abapolisi b'u Rwanda bahuguwe ku kurinda abana kwinjira mu gisirikare no mu bikorwa by'intambara – #rwanda #RwOT

    Ni amahugurwa arimo guhabwa Abapolisi b'u Rwanda 25 nabo bazahugura abandi. Aya mahugurwa azamara iminsi itanu ari gutangwa ku bufatanye bwa Polisi y'u Rwanda n'ikigo cyita ku bana, amahoro n'umutekano cya General Romeo Dallaire (The Dallaire Institute for Children, Peace and Security).

    Umuhango wo gutangiza ku mugaragaro aya mahugurwa wayobowe n'Umuyobozi wa Polisi Uungirije ushinzwe imari n'ubutegetsi, DIGP/AF Jeanne Chantal Ujeneza, hari uhagarariye Ambasaderi w'u Budage mu Rwanda, Renate Charlotte Lehner n'Umuyobozi w'Ishuri rya Polisi riri i Musanze, CP Christopher Bizimungu.

    Ubwo yatangizaga ku mugaragaro aya mahugurwa, DIGP/AF Ujeneza yongeye kwibutsa abitabiriye amahugurwa ko mu bice bimwe na bimwe byo ku Isi hakigaragara abahohotera abana bakabashora mu bikorwa by'intambara aho binjizwa mu gisirikare bagahabwa intwaro.

    Yavuze ko Polisi y'u Rwanda igomba guhaguruka ikarwanya ahakigaragara bene ibyo bikorwa bihabanye n'amahame n'amategeko y'umuryango mpuzamahanga.

    Ati “U Rwanda nk'umunyamuryango wa Loni ndetse tukaba dufite abapolisi bajya mu butumwa bw'Umuryango w'Abibumbye mu kubungabunga amahoro tugomba kurwanya ibikorwa byo kwinjiza abana mu gisirikare ndetse no kubakoresha mu mitwe yitwaje intwaro.”

    “U Rwanda rubinyujije mu nzego zarwo harimo na Polisi y'u Rwanda rwiyemeje kubahiriza amahame yo kubaha uburenganzira bwa muntu turengera abasivili ahagaragara ihohotera n'amakimbirane.'

    Yakomeje agaragaza ko abana aribo bakunze guhohoterwa iyo hari amakimbirane n'intambara, avuga ko ariyo mpamvu u Rwanda rugomba guhugura abapolisi barwo kugira ngo aho bazajya mu butumwa bwo kubungabunga amahoro bazabashe kurengera abana.

    Ati “Mwebwe mugiye guhugurwa, mu minsi iri imbere muri mubazajya bajya mu butumwa bwo kubungabunga amahoro ahabaye intambara n'amakimbirane. Ni ngombwa ko mugira ubumenyi bw'ibanze mu gukemura ibibazo bijyanye n'ihohotera rikorerwa abana mu bihe by'intambara aho usanga bashorwa mu ntambara.”

    ” Aya mahugurwa mugiye guhabwa namwe muzayageze ku bandi kugira ngo tugire abapolisi bari hano mu gihugu babisobanukiwe ndetse n'abagiye mu butumwa mu mahanga nabo bagende babisobanukiwe.'

    Renate Charlotte Lehner wari uhagarariye Ambasade y'u Budage yavuze ko abana bafite uburenganzira bungana bwo kubaho batekanye kandi barinzwe.

    Yavuze ko abana bari mu kigero cy'imyaka 9 barimo kwinjizwa mu gisirikare no mu mitwe yitwaje intwaro, yashimangiye ko atari bishya muri iki gihe kuko mu gihe cy'intambara ya kabiri y'Isi yose byarabaye ndetse no mu 1994 mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda byagaragaye.

    Ati “Mu gihe cy'Intambara ya kabiri y'Isi binjizaga abana mu gisirikare ndetse bakanakoreshwa mu bikorwa by'intambara, no mu 1994 mu gihe cya Genoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda byarabaye. Ariko se itandukaniro ry'uyu munsi ni irihe? Uyu munsi dufite abapolisi n'abasirikare nkamwe muri hano murimo guhugurirwa ku kurwanya ibikorwa byo kwinjiza abana mu gisirikare no mu makimbirane. Hano muzahakura ubumenyi bujyanye no kwambura abana intwaro no kubarinda ku buryo bazumva batekanye kubera mwebwe.'

    Yakomeje agaragaza ko imibare y'abana bashorwa mu bikorwa bya gisirikare no mu ntambara igenda irushaho kwiyongera aho ubu bagera mu bihumbi 250 hirya no hino ku Isi. Yavuze ko bamwe muri abo bana bari mu kigero cy'imyaka 9 usanga bakoreshwa imirimo yo mu rugo, abakoreshwa nk'intasi ndetse n'abazamu barinda ingo abandi usanga bakoreshwa mu bikorwa by'ubwiyahuzi biturikirizaho ibisasu.

    Renate Charlotte Lehne yasoje avuga ko yizeye umusaruro uzava mu mahugurwa arimo gutangwa ku bufatanye bwa Polisi y'u Rwanda n'ikigo cya Romeo Dallaile kigamije kwita ku bana, amahoro n'umutekano.

    Ati' Rwose ndizera ko binyuze muri ibi bikorwa by'amahugurwa muzaba urugero rwiza ku y'andi mahanga. Nshobora kubwira umuhungu wanjye, dushobora kubwira abana bacu, abuzukuru bacu ko batekanye , ko nta bana bagomba kuzongera kurwana mu ntambara ukundi.'

    Yavuze ko yizera cyane ubushobozi bw'abapolisi n'abasirikare b'u Rwanda bahugurirwa kujya mu butumwa bw'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ku Mugabane w'Afurika n'ahandi. Avuga ko batagomba kuba abajyanama gusa ko ahubwo bagomba kuba ubuhungiro bw'abana babahungiraho bashaka gucika abashaka kubinjiza ku gahato mu gisirikare.

    Abapolisi b’u Rwanda 25 batangiye guhabwa amahugurwa ku kurinda abana kwinjizwa mu bikorwa by’intambara

    Renate Charlotte Lehner wari uhagarariye Ambasade y’u Budage yavuze ko abana bafite uburenganzira bungana bwo kubaho batekanye kandi barinzwe

    Umuyobozi w'Ishuri rya Polisi riri i Musanze, CP Christopher Bizimungu ni umwe mu bitabiriye aya mahugurwa

    Nyuma y’umunsi wa mbere w’aya mahugurwa abayitabiriye bafashe ifoto y’urwibutso

    Source : http://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abapolisi-b-u-rwanda-batangiye-amahugurwa-ku-kurinda-abana-kwinjira-mu

  • Uburwayi mutamenye bwazonze Miss Vanessa Raissa Uwase (VIDEO) #rwanda #RwOT

    Igisonga cya mbere cya Nyampinga w’u Rwanda 2015, Miss Vanessa Raissa Uwase, yavuze ko yahuye n’uburwayi bw’ihungabana bwatumye agera mu cyiciro cyo kuba yakwiyambura ubuzima.

    Tariki ya 8 Nzeri 2020, Raissa Vanessa Uwase abinyujije kuri WhatsApp Status, yatangaje ko yari agiye kwiyahura habura gato abuzwa na nyina ndetse n’umuvandimwe we.

    Icyo gihe yagize ati'Iyo bitaza kuba ku bwa mama n’umuvandimwe wanjye nari kuba niyahuye! Ndananiwe ndarushye kwihangana birananiye kuri iyi si!'

    Mu kiganiro n’ikinyamakuru ISIMBI, Miss Raissa Vanessa Uwase yavuze ko yahuye n’ikibazo cy’indwara y’ihungabana ari nayo yatumye atekereza kuba yakwiyambura ubuzima.

    Ati'Nagiraga ihungabana n’ubwo ubu ryakize, ni rimwe aho umuntu ahinduka aho wari wishimye ukumva urababaye cyangwa se wari ubabaye bakabona urishimye.'

    Yakomeje avuga ko n’ubwo yabyanditse ariko bidasobanuye ko yari kubikora ahubwo iyo ndwara niko iteye, ituma umuntu avuga cyangwa yandika ibyo atanakora.

    Ati'Kwandika kuriya ntabwo byari bisobanuye ngo ngiye kwiyambura ubuzima, sinzi ukuntu nabisobanura, abazi iyo ndwara babisobanukirwa cyangwa abaganga, ni kwa kundi ibintu bigufata ukaba wakandika ibintu ariko utanabasha kubikora ariko ukabyandika.'

    Kujya kwandika biriya ngo yarabyutse yumva ariyanze, yanze abantu bose ahitamo kwandika kuriya ariko ntibyari bivuze ko agiye kubikora ngo yiyambure ubuzima.

    Miss Raissa Vanessa yakomeje avuga ko ari byiza kumenya ikibazoa ufite kuko yaje kukimenya ajya no kwivuza ubu akaba yarivuje mu gihe cy’amezi 3 aho yajyaga kureba umuganga(therapist) gatatu mu cyumweru, ubu avuga ko byakize ameze neza cyane.

    Uwase Raissa Vanessa yahuye n’ikibazo cy’ihungabana

    Ihungabana ryamuteye kwandika ibintu atakora

    Ubu ngo ameze neza yarakize nta kibazo

    Source : http://isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/uburwayi-mutamenye-butamenye-bwazonze-miss-vanessa-raissa-uwase-video

  • Abapolisi b’u Rwanda bahuguwe ku kurinda abana kwinjira mu gisirikare no mu bikorwa by’intambara –

    Ni amahugurwa arimo guhabwa Abapolisi b’u Rwanda 25 nabo bazahugura abandi. Aya mahugurwa azamara iminsi itanu ari gutangwa ku bufatanye bwa Polisi y’u Rwanda n’ikigo cyita ku bana, amahoro n’umutekano cya General Romeo Dallaire (The Dallaire Institute for Children, Peace and Security).

    Umuhango wo gutangiza ku mugaragaro aya mahugurwa wayobowe n’Umuyobozi wa Polisi Uungirije ushinzwe imari n’ubutegetsi, DIGP/AF Jeanne Chantal Ujeneza, hari uhagarariye Ambasaderi w’u Budage mu Rwanda, Renate Charlotte Lehner n’Umuyobozi w’Ishuri rya Polisi riri i Musanze, CP Christopher Bizimungu.

    Ubwo yatangizaga ku mugaragaro aya mahugurwa, DIGP/AF Ujeneza yongeye kwibutsa abitabiriye amahugurwa ko mu bice bimwe na bimwe byo ku Isi hakigaragara abahohotera abana bakabashora mu bikorwa by’intambara aho binjizwa mu gisirikare bagahabwa intwaro.

    Yavuze ko Polisi y’u Rwanda igomba guhaguruka ikarwanya ahakigaragara bene ibyo bikorwa bihabanye n’amahame n’amategeko y’umuryango mpuzamahanga.

    Ati “U Rwanda nk’umunyamuryango wa Loni ndetse tukaba dufite abapolisi bajya mu butumwa bw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye mu kubungabunga amahoro tugomba kurwanya ibikorwa byo kwinjiza abana mu gisirikare ndetse no kubakoresha mu mitwe yitwaje intwaro.”

    “U Rwanda rubinyujije mu nzego zarwo harimo na Polisi y’u Rwanda rwiyemeje kubahiriza amahame yo kubaha uburenganzira bwa muntu turengera abasivili ahagaragara ihohotera n’amakimbirane.”

    Yakomeje agaragaza ko abana aribo bakunze guhohoterwa iyo hari amakimbirane n’intambara, avuga ko ariyo mpamvu u Rwanda rugomba guhugura abapolisi barwo kugira ngo aho bazajya mu butumwa bwo kubungabunga amahoro bazabashe kurengera abana.

    Ati “Mwebwe mugiye guhugurwa, mu minsi iri imbere muri mubazajya bajya mu butumwa bwo kubungabunga amahoro ahabaye intambara n’amakimbirane. Ni ngombwa ko mugira ubumenyi bw’ibanze mu gukemura ibibazo bijyanye n’ihohotera rikorerwa abana mu bihe by’intambara aho usanga bashorwa mu ntambara.”

    ” Aya mahugurwa mugiye guhabwa namwe muzayageze ku bandi kugira ngo tugire abapolisi bari hano mu gihugu babisobanukiwe ndetse n’abagiye mu butumwa mu mahanga nabo bagende babisobanukiwe.”

    Renate Charlotte Lehner wari uhagarariye Ambasade y’u Budage yavuze ko abana bafite uburenganzira bungana bwo kubaho batekanye kandi barinzwe.

    Yavuze ko abana bari mu kigero cy’imyaka 9 barimo kwinjizwa mu gisirikare no mu mitwe yitwaje intwaro, yashimangiye ko atari bishya muri iki gihe kuko mu gihe cy’intambara ya kabiri y’Isi yose byarabaye ndetse no mu 1994 mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda byagaragaye.

    Ati “Mu gihe cy’Intambara ya kabiri y’Isi binjizaga abana mu gisirikare ndetse bakanakoreshwa mu bikorwa by’intambara, no mu 1994 mu gihe cya Genoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda byarabaye. Ariko se itandukaniro ry’uyu munsi ni irihe? Uyu munsi dufite abapolisi n’abasirikare nkamwe muri hano murimo guhugurirwa ku kurwanya ibikorwa byo kwinjiza abana mu gisirikare no mu makimbirane. Hano muzahakura ubumenyi bujyanye no kwambura abana intwaro no kubarinda ku buryo bazumva batekanye kubera mwebwe.”

    Yakomeje agaragaza ko imibare y’abana bashorwa mu bikorwa bya gisirikare no mu ntambara igenda irushaho kwiyongera aho ubu bagera mu bihumbi 250 hirya no hino ku Isi. Yavuze ko bamwe muri abo bana bari mu kigero cy’imyaka 9 usanga bakoreshwa imirimo yo mu rugo, abakoreshwa nk’intasi ndetse n’abazamu barinda ingo abandi usanga bakoreshwa mu bikorwa by’ubwiyahuzi biturikirizaho ibisasu.

    Renate Charlotte Lehne yasoje avuga ko yizeye umusaruro uzava mu mahugurwa arimo gutangwa ku bufatanye bwa Polisi y’u Rwanda n’ikigo cya Romeo Dallaile kigamije kwita ku bana, amahoro n’umutekano.

    Ati” Rwose ndizera ko binyuze muri ibi bikorwa by’amahugurwa muzaba urugero rwiza ku y’andi mahanga. Nshobora kubwira umuhungu wanjye, dushobora kubwira abana bacu, abuzukuru bacu ko batekanye , ko nta bana bagomba kuzongera kurwana mu ntambara ukundi.”

    Yavuze ko yizera cyane ubushobozi bw’abapolisi n’abasirikare b’u Rwanda bahugurirwa kujya mu butumwa bw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ku Mugabane w’Afurika n’ahandi. Avuga ko batagomba kuba abajyanama gusa ko ahubwo bagomba kuba ubuhungiro bw’abana babahungiraho bashaka gucika abashaka kubinjiza ku gahato mu gisirikare.

    Abapolisi b’u Rwanda 25 batangiye guhabwa amahugurwa ku kurinda abana kwinjizwa mu bikorwa by’intambara

    Renate Charlotte Lehner wari uhagarariye Ambasade y’u Budage yavuze ko abana bafite uburenganzira bungana bwo kubaho batekanye kandi barinzwe

    Umuyobozi w’Ishuri rya Polisi riri i Musanze, CP Christopher Bizimungu ni umwe mu bitabiriye aya mahugurwa

    Nyuma y’umunsi wa mbere w’aya mahugurwa abayitabiriye bafashe ifoto y’urwibutso

  • Ibuka iratabaza ku bw’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside yabaye ndanze –

    Ahishakiye avuga ko bibabaje kuba mu gihe hibukwa ku nshuro ya 27 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 hakiboneka ingero nyinshi z’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside agasanga imbaraga zidakwiye kugabanuka ahubwo zikwiye kwiyongera.

    Ati “Uyu munsi haracyaboneka ingengabitekerezo mu byiciro byose, imibare yaragabanutse ugereranyije n’iyabonekaga mu myaka ya 2010 ariko biracyari ikibazo gikomeye kuba ikiboneka, birakwiye ko twongera imbaraga mu guhangana na yo ikigaragara aho kuzigabanya”.

    Yagarutse ku cyuho kiri mu miryango ahakiboneka ingengabitekerezo yo ku ishyiga no mu burezi aho abarimu bamwe na bamwe bihunza kwigisha amateka ya Jenoside.

    Yagize ati “Ikibazo si ibitabo, ahubwo igikomeye ni ukumenya ngo ni nde wigisha ya masomo kuko uyu munsi hari uburyo butandukanye bwo guhakana no gupfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Usanga bamwe kubabwira kwigisha aya mateka babyitarutsa, bati ‘araremereye, birabakomeretsa, ntidukwiye kubishyira mu bana.’”

    Ahishakiye ahamagarira abarimu kubanza kumenya amateka mbere yo kuyigisha bityo amashuri akaba isoko yo kuvomwaho umuti w’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside, kuko rivomwaho n’umubare munini w’urubyiruko ndetse umurongo mwiza igihugu cyahisemo ukaba ukwiye kurindwa.

    Ashima ibyemezo byafashwe n’ibifatwa n’ubuyobozi kuko ibyakozwe ari byinshi, impinduka zikaba zigaragara ariko ko kwigisha ari uguhozaho kuko cyatwaye ubuzima abarenga miliyoni nta rwego rukwiye kukijenjekera.

    Abantu bose ngo bakwiye guhuriza hamwe imbaraga kuko kurandura ingengabitekerezo mu burezi no mu rubyiruko ari ikintu cy’ibanze.

    Kuri iyi nshuro Jenoside yibukwa ku nshuro ya 27, mu Rwanda habonetse ingero z’ingengabitekerezo yayo zigera ku 100 mu gihe umwaka wawubanjirije hari habonetse izigera kuri 200.

  • Impuruza ku bapfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bitwikiriye umutaka w’ubwisanzure kuri YouTube –

    Iyi nkundura idasanzwe yahereye mu bakuze bagoreka nkana amateka y’ibyo banyuzemo bakabonesha amaso yabo ariko inagera ku bato batamitswe ingengabitekerezo yo ku ishyiga bigatuma bashabukira kugendera muri uwo murongo.

    Abenshi bakora ibi bikorwa babinyuza kuri YouTube, Facebook, Twitter n’ahandi barimo abasize bakoze Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bakomeje gukwirakwiza amatwara agamije kuyihakana no kuyipfoba, bakiyongeraho ababakomokaho biyemeje kusa ikivi cyabo.

    Ibyo byiciro ariko byiyongeraho abagizweho ingaruka na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ariko bakaba barahisemo gutera ingabo mu bitugu abayipfobya ku bwo gushaka indamu cyangwa izindi mpamvu.

    Aba bose bitewe no kuba basangiye umugambi wo gupfobya usanga basananirana muri urwo rugendo aho bameze nk’abafite agatsiko bakoreramo kavuga ibintu biri mu mujyo umwe kandi ugasanga banashyigikirwa n’abari iyo mu mahanga.

    Mu bari ku ruhembe harimo uwitwa Uzaramba Karasira Aimable wamenyekanye nka ‘Professor Nigga’ wifashisha shene ya YouTube mu gukwirakwiza amagambo afatwa nk’uburozi ku rubyiruko n’abandi bamukurikira.

    Karasira uyu, ni umuhanga cyane waminuje ibya Mudasobwa ndetse ni byo yigishaga muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, Ishami ry’Ikoranabuhanga mbere yo kwirukanwa azira imyitwarire idahwitse. Ubumenyi afite ntiwashidikanya ko azi neza ibiteganywa n’amategeko, ibyo avuga ndetse n’icengezamatwara ari gushaka kwinjiza mu bakiri bato akoresheje imbuga nkoranyambaga.

    Uyu Karasira Aimable aherutse gukorana ikiganiro na Agnès Uwimana Nkusi, cyatambutse kuri shene z’aba bombi, gusa ibyakivugiwemo bikomeretsa abatari bake hanze aha ndetse bamwe bahita batangira kucyamaganira kure.

    Iki kiganiro Karasira yahuriyemo na Uwimana cyahawe umutwe ugira uti “Karasira avuze ku bumwe n’ubwiyunge, ni inde wiyunga n’undi, nta kuri n’amateka, ntibizagerwaho”.

    Mu minota 42 ikigize, Karasira ayimara asa n’uwihariye ijambo ariko ibyo avugamo byose bigusha mu murongo wo kuyobya abatazi neza amateka by’umwihariko urubyiruko.

    Muri rusange iki kiganiro cyose cyumvikanamo ukugoreka amateka gukabije, gutesha agaciro imbaraga za FPR Inkotanyi mu guhagarika Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ndetse aba bombi bagerageza guhakana ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda bahisemo, ahubwo bakagaragaza ko basabwa kwiyunga ku gahato.

    Hari aho Karasira avuga ko “Kubwira Umucikacumu ngo bagusenyeye inzu ahubwo emera ubane nawe [uwakwiciye abantu], ntumuzaniye abantu yapfushije…”

    Akomeza agira ati “1994 hajemo intambara, FPR ikunda kugihunga cyane ntabwo ikunda ko bavuga intambara, ivuga guhagarika Jenoside kandi intambara yari yaratangiye mu 1990 haza imishyikirano […]. Bakunda guca ku ruhande ikintu bita intambara kandi iyo ntambara yari yaratangijwe na FPR ishaka gufata ubutegetsi.”

    Ugushimangira ko mu 1994, mu Rwanda hatabaye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ahubwo ari intambara, bihabanye cyane n’ibikubiye mu Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ndetse bikaba byaremejwe n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ko mu Rwanda habaye Jenoside kandi yakorewe Abatutsi.

    Karasira avuga ko FPR yatangije intambara ikarenga ku masezerano ya Arusha, maze indege ya Habyarimana ikaraswa ari naho Uwimana ahita amubaza ati “Ni ukuvuga ngo abarashe iriya ndege ni abarenze kuri ariya masezerano?”

    Karasira nawe ahita amuvugiramo ati “Byabaye imbarutso, ni ukuvuga ngo abarashe iriya ndege bamenyekanye na bo bajya mu mateka, ni bwo hahise haba imbarutso Jenoside iraba […] Ibyo iyo ubizanye FPR ivuga ko ugaragaje ingengabitekerezo, ntibashaka ko hagaragara ko hari amakosa bagize.”

    Ibivugwa na Karasira hano bihabanye no kuba Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ari umugambi wateguwe, ukigishwa ndetse ukanashyirwa mu bikorwa n’Ubutegetsi bwa Guverinoma ya Juvénal Habyarimana n’ubwamubanjirije.

    Ubushakashatsi butandukanye bwagiye buvuga ibitandukanye ku ihanurwa ry’iyo ndege yari itwaye Habyarimana na mugenzi we w’u Burundi, Cyprien Ntaryamira n’abandi bagenzi icyenda bavuye mu bikorwa by’Amasezerano y’Amahoro ya Arusha, gusa ubwinshi buhuriza ku kuba yarahanuriwe mu bice bya Kanombe byarindwaga n’ingabo ze.

    Hari abakurikiranira hafi bavuga ko amagambo ya Karasira ari nk’amwe ya Bemeriki Valerie cyangwa se Kantano [aba bombi bari abanyamakuru mu gihe cya Jenoside ndetse bakoresheje intwaro yabo y’itangazamakuru mu kubiba urwango no guhamagarira Abahutu gukora Jenoside] kuko na we arimo gushishikariza abantu kwanga ubutegetsi ariko cyane cyane ashimangira ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside yamwokamye afatanije na bagenzi be.

    Akabaye icwende!

    Umunyarwanda yaciye umugani agira ati ‘Akabaye icwenda ntikoga n’iyo koze ntigacya ndetse n’iyo gacyeye ntigashira umunuko’. Ibikorwa bya Agnès Uwimana by’umwihariko ibiganiro akomeje gukora afatanyije na mugenzi we, Karasira ntibyatungurana kuko ni ko yahoze.

    Kuba Agnès Uwimana yahakana akanapfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ndetse akavuga ko ‘ari umuvugizi w’Abahutu’ ntabwo ari ibintu byatungura uwo ariwe wese umuzi neza. Uyu mugore ubarizwa mu Karere ka Kamonyi, si ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha cy’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside kuko mu 2010, yigeze kugikurikiranwaho n’inkiko.

    Uwimana Agnès yafashwe tariki ya 10 Kamena 2010, yigeze gukurikiranwa ku byaha bitandukanye birimo n’ibyo yari yarigeze gufungirwa umwaka umwe kuva muri Mutarama 2007 ahamijwe icyaha cyo gusebanya.

    Tariki ya 4 Gashyantare 2011, Urukiko Rukuru rwamukatiye igifungo cy’imyaka 17 nyuma yo kumuhamya ibyaha bine ari byo kuvutsa igihugu umudendezo, gupfobya Jenoside, Gusebya umukuru w’igihugu no Kubiba amacakubiri no kuyakwirakwiza mu Banyarwanda.

    Iki gihano cyaje kuvanwa ku myaka 17 n’ihazabu ya 250.000 Frw yari yarakatiwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ahabwa imyaka 4, yakatiwe amaze ibiri muri gereza.

    Iki gifungo yagikatiwe nyuma yo gusesengura ibikubiye mu nyandiko z’Ikinyamakuru Umurabyo zanditswe na Uwimana Nkusi Agnès, rwamuhanaguyeho icyaha cyo gupfobya Jenoside, n’icyo gukurura amacakubiri.

    Inzego zatereye agati mu ryinyo?

    Amateka ya Jenoside Abanyarwanda banyuzemo, nta muntu ukwiye kwifuza ko bongera gusubira mu bihe byo guhembera inzangano, amacakubiri n’ibindi byose bishobora kubasubiza muri ayo mahano karundura yasize Abatutsi basaga miliyoni bishwe.

    Niba koko Abanyarwanda baritoreye Itegeko Nshinga ndetse bakaba bemera ibyo riteganya birimo kuba nta muntu n’umwe uri hejuru y’amategeko, niyo ya mpamvu hari abatangiye urugamba rwo gusaba inzego zirimo Urwego rw’Ubugenzacyaha, RIB, ndetse n’Ubutabera bw’u Rwanda gukirikirana aba bantu barimo Karasira na Uwimana.

    Nyuma yo kubona ko iki kibazo cy’abagoreka amateka bagamije guhakana Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi gikomeje gufata indi ntera, hari abantu bishyize hamwe batanga impuruza ku nzego zishinzwe iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko ngo zikurikirane aba bantu barimo Karasira na Uwimana.

    Abakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga bagereranyije ubutumwa n’ibiganiro biri gukorwa n’aba ba Karasira, Uwimana n’abandi n’ubwatangwaga n’abanyamakuru barimo Bikindi, Bemeriki Valerie, Kantano, Noheli, Ngeze Hassan n’abandi bazwiho kuba barakoze ubukangurambaga bwo gushishikariza abantu gukora Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

    Umushakashatsi kuri Jenoside akaba n’Umwanditsi w’Ibitabo, Tom Ndahiro, avuga ko niba u Rwanda rwariyemeje kurwanya jenoside n’ingengabitekerezo yayo, abakwiza ubwo burozi bakoresheje YouTube bari mu Rwanda bakwiye gushyikirizwa ubutabera.

    Mu butumwa yanyujije kuri Twitter yakomeje agira ati “Kudakurikiranwa kw’abarogera Abanyarwanda muri YouTube bigira ingaruka zikomeye cyane. Iy’ingenzi ikaba ari ugutuma ababeshywa bafata nk’ukuri uburozi bacengezwamo.”

    Yakomeje agira ati “Indi ngaruka ikomeye ikururwa n’umuco wo kudahana aba- YouTubers babiba urwango no gusingiza abateguye bakanakora Jenoside, bituma abantu batari bake babifata nk’ibyemewe.”

    Tom Ndahiro avuga kandi ko “Iyo bigeze aho uwateguye akanakora Jenoside asingizwa nk’intungane, uwayihagaritse akavana igihugu ahaga akitwa shitani umuco wo kudahana uba wafashe indi ntera. Ni nacyo gituma abakora ayo mahano biyongera, bakongera n’ubukana mu kuvundereza ubumara bwabo.”

    Uwitwa Kabasinga Florentine yagize ati “Karasira na Uwimana babahaye rugari none barenze umurongo utukura batangiye no kwanduza izina rya RPF hejuru y’inzira ndende yanyuzemo n’amaraso yamenetse ngo RPF ihamye imigabo n’imigambi yo kubaka ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda. Nta kuregeza bahanwe by’intangarugero.”

    Bizimana Joseph we yasabye Minisitiri w’Ubutabera akaba n’Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta, Busingye Johnston, ko uretse Karasira na Uwimana hari abandi bakwiye gukurikiranwa barimo Niyonsenga Dieudonné uzwi nka Cyuma Hassan, Nsengimana Théoneste washinze shene yitwa ‘Umubavu TV’ n’abandi.

    Ati “Ntabwo Karasira cyangwa Agnes aribo bakwiye gukurikiranwa gusa hari n’abandi rwose ubutabera bwacu bukwiriye gukurikiranira hafi barimo Bagiruwubusa Eric, Ntwali John Williams, Cyuma Hassan Dieudonne, Umuntu ukoresha Twitter handle ya BBC mu Kinyarwanda.”

    Yakomeje agira ati “Ntabwo kuvuga ibi ari amarangamutima yandi, ariko kubona igihugu cyacu nk’u Rwanda, mu myaka tumaze twigobotoye ingoyi y’amacakubiri kandi tukaba twarabonye ububi bw’ayo bariya bavuga yatugejejeho, none ni gute twabemerera bagakomeza kwidegembya koko?”

    Bizimana avuga kandi ko amateka mabi igihugu cyanyuzemo yigishije Abanyarwanda ku kuba ntawe bakwiye kwemerera ko abasubiza aho bavuye. Hari n’abagereranya Jenoside n’igiti kitagomba kurirwa na buri wese.

    Itegeko ryo mu 2013 rishyiraho icyaha cy’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside n’ibindi byaha bifitanye isano nayo, rivuga ko guhakana Jenoside bishingiye ku magambo agoreka ukuri kuri Jenoside hagamijwe kuyobya rubanda no kwerekana ko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi itateguwe.

    Rikomeza rivuga ko gupfobya bigizwe n’amagambo agabanya uburemere cyangwa ingaruka za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi no koroshya uburyo Jenoside yakozwemo.

    Itegeko riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano rigaragaza ko ibyaha by’ingengabitekerezo bihanishwa hagati y’imyaka itanu n’imyaka 15 y’igifungo hiyongereyeho n’ihazabu y’ibihumbi 500 Frw kugeza kuri miliyoni 2 Frw.

  • Kubera iruka rya Nyiragongo, ingendo z’indenge mu bice bimwe na bimwe bya Congo zahagaritswe –

    Izi ngendo zizakomeza guhagarikwa kugeza igihe hazasohoka amabwiriza mashya, bigendanye n’amakuru y’ikirunga nyuma yuko kirutse.

    Iri subikwa ry’izi ngendo rije nyuma y’uko ku munsi w’ejo tariki 24 Gicurasi, Minisitiri ushinzwe ingendo n’itumanaho muri Congo, Chérubin Okende Senga, ategetse ko ikibuga cy’indege cya Goma gikomeza gufungwa ariko icya Kavumu giherereye i Bukavu kigafungurwa.

    Abagenzi bava i Goma [Umurwa Mukuru w’intara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru] bajya mu mijyi ya Kinshasa, Lubumbashi, Kindu, Kalemie, Mbuji-Mayi na Kananga bazajya baca ku kibuga cy’indege cya Kavumu kiri Bukavu kuko cyo kiri gukoreshwa.

    Bukavu na Goma ni imijyi yegeranye cyane ndetse urugendo rw’indege ruhuza uduce twombi rufata iminota 15 gusa.

    Izi mpinduka zose zatewe n’iruka ry’ikirunga cya Nyiragongo cyarutse gitunguranye nyuma y’imyaka 19, ndetse kikaba kikiri gukurikiranwa kugira ngo kitangiza ubuzima bw’abantu.

    Impamvu ingendo z’indege zihagarikwa iyo ikirunga cyarutse ni uko imyotsi igiturukamo iba igizwe n’uturahura duto tutagarara, ishobora kwangiza ibice bitandukanye by’indege igakora impanuka, cyangwa se igahuma ikirahure cy’aho umupilote arebera bityo ntabone aho ajya.

    Kuva mu 1935 kugeza mu 2008, Ikigo Mpuzamahanga kigenga iby’indege za gisivili, ICAO, cyatangaje ingendo z’indege 83 zahuye n’imyotsi y’ikirunga ubwo zari mu nzira. Indege umunani muri zo, moteri zazo zarangiritse.

    Iyamenyekanye cyane ni indege ya British Airways 747 yakoze urugendo mu 1982 inyura mu kirere kirimo imyotsi y’ikirunga cyarutse cyo muri Indonesia cyitwa Galunggung, moteri zayo enye zirangirika, gusa ku bw’amahirwe umupilote Eric Moody yakoze ibishoboka ageza indege aho yari igiye amahoro.

    Indege ya Congo Airways yahagaritse ingendo zijya i Goma, Bunia na Isiro kubera iruka ry’ikirunga cya Nyiragongo / Ifoto: 7sur7

  • Nshunguyinka wabaye Minisitiri muri leta ya Kayibanda yitabye Imana bitunguranye –

    Uyu mukambwe yaguye iwe mu rugo i Gahini mu Karere ka Kayonza ejo ku wa Mbere, aho yari atuye kuva atangiye ikiruhuko cy’izabukuru.

    Kuri uyu wa Mbere mu gitondo yasangiye n’abo mu muryango we birangiye abwira umugore we ko yumva afite imbeho amwegamyeho asinzira ubwo ashiramo umwuka nk’uko byatangajwe n’umuhungu we w’imfura, Nshunguyinka Dieudonné. Ati “Yagiye gipfura ntiyigeze yanduranya, yimutse.”

    Yakomeje avuga ko icyo bamwibukiraho ari ibikorwa bya gipfura byamuranze ku bantu benshi birimo gufasha benshi kwiga, guteza imbere akarere akomokamo, gushyira imbere indangagaciro y’urukundo n’ibindi.

    Ati “Benshi bize ku bwe, yakundaga iwabo agaharanira icyateza imbere akarere ke. Ntiyihanganiraga abatandukanwa n’uko badahuje imyemerere ishingiye ku madini n’amoko yazanywe n’abazungu ahubwo yavugaga ko icy’ingenzi ari urukundo rukomoka ku Mana ‘yamuhaye kuramba’.”

    Nshunguyinka François yavukiye i Gahini hitwaga mu Buganza bw’Amajyaruguru, muri Territoire ya Kibungo mu 1936. Yize amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye kuva mu 1948 kugeza mu 1958, aba umwarimu mu mashuri abanza (1959-1963) nyuma aba umuyobozi mu mashuri abanza.

    Yabaye umukozi wa Perefegitura ya Byumba mu gihe cy’imyaka ine (1964-1967), Perefe wa Perefegitura Gitarama hanyuma Minisitiri w’Imirimo ya Leta n’Ingufu mu 1970-1973.

    Yabaye kandi Perefe wa Perefegitura za Byuma, Cyangugu na Gisenyi (1973-1990), inshingano yirukanywemo ubwo Inkotanyi zatangiraga urugamba bamushinja kuba icyitso.

    Muri Jenoside yiciwe abana batanu asigarana abandi batanu akaba nyuma yayo aribwo yabaye mu basenateri ba mbere batowe mu 2003 aho yavuye mu 2011 ajya mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru kuri gakondo ye i Gahini ari naho yaguye.

    Nshunguyinka François yitabye Imana bitunguranye ku myaka 85 y’amavuko

  • Kamonyi : Umuturage wamenwe ijisho na DASSO barikuyemo ubu arembeye kwa muganga #rwanda #RwOT

    Aho arwariye, ntabwo bimworoheye kuvuga ndetse no kugira ibyo arya cyane cyane nk’ibimusaba guhekenya kuko n’imisaya yarangiritse kubera inkoni. Abayeho mu bubabare kumwe na Mama we umurwaje, aho ubu yizizira muri byose.

    Nyiraguseruka Rose, Nyina wa Twiringiyimana avuga ko umuhungu we ubu afite ubumuga nyuma yo gukubitwa na DASSO wari mu kazi.

    Avuga ko nyuma yo kubagwa agakurwamo ijisho rimwe, ubu abaganga barimo kurwana no kuvura irindi naryo ryakomeretse. Gusa avuga ko hari icyizere ko iri ryo rizakira nibura akaba ariryo azajya akoresha areba.

    Akomeza avuga ko umuhungu we yakubiswe biturutse ku mucuruzi mu gasantere ko ku Nkambi wamubwiye kumufasha gusohora abantu kuko amasaha yari ageze yo gufunga, hanyuma umwe mu bari aho banywa aho kumva ahubwo aramuhagurukana amufata mu mashati aca ibipesu, ari bwo Aimable ngo yasohokaga ajya guhuruza, abona DASSO n’abashinzwe umutekano arabatakira ariko ngo banga kumwumva.

    Mu kugaruka ava guhuruza, uyu Aimable ngo yakubitanye na wa muhungu baracakirana. Muri uko kugundagurana nibwo DASSO ngo yaje yaka inkoni umwe mu bari ku irondo aza ahuragura Aimable mpaka yikubise hasi arakomeza arakubita.

    Avuga ko umuhungu we, ubwo yakubitwaga na DASSO no kugira ngo agezwe kwa muganga ngo byabaye ah’abaturage bateye hejuru bakamucikisha ngo kuko uyu DASSO atashakaga ko ajyanwa kwa muganga nyuma y’uko yari amaze kumugira.

    Ati'…yafashe inkoni aza ahuragura Mabule mpaka yikubise hasi aragumya amunyukira hasi, amuhondagurira hasi abaturage bavuza induru. Yarakubise imbavu, yarakubise hose, yamumennye amaso n’amatwi, batangiye no gushaka kumujyana kwa muganga arabyanga. Abyanze abaturage bavuza induru baramwamagana, bamutwara bamucikishije, ubwo nibwo bashoboye kumukura aho bamujyana kwa muganga'.

    Akomeza avuga ko bamugejeje ku Kigo Nderabuzima cya Nyamiyaga bakabona ko ntacyo bamukoraho bahitamo kumwohereza ku bitaro bya Remera-Rukoma, aho naho ngo basanze bibarenze bahitamo kumwohereza ku bitaro by’amaso bya Muganza mu Murenge wa Runda ari naho bamubaze bakamukuramo ijisho ryononekaye, bakaba bakirwana no kuvura irindi no kumwitaho mu burwayi n’ububabare nyuma yo kubagwa.

    Uriya mukozi w’urwego rwunganira akarere mu gucunga umutekano (DASSO) Usabuwera Jean Baptiste ukorera mu Kagari ka Ngoma, Umurenge wa Nyamiyaga, yashyikirijwe RIB ya Mugina ku wa 20 Gicurasi 2021.

    Ivomo : Intyoza

    UKWEZI.RW

    Source : http://www.ukwezi.rw/mu-rwanda/Amakuru-anyuranye/article/Kamonyi-Umuturage-wamenwe-ijisho-na-DASSO-barikuyemo-ubu-arembeye-kwa-muganga

  • Igice cya II: Dennis na Merna bari ku rutond… – #rwanda #RwOT

    Dennis Koula n’umugore we Merna, bari abantu bakundana bihebuje bapfira umunsi umwe. Bari mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru mu gace gakize nyaburanga ka La Crosse i Wisconsin aho umugore yigishaga nk'umwarimu. Tariki ya 24 Gicurasi 2010, umuhungu wabo Eric Kaula yakiriye telefoni ku ishuri ryaho aho nyina yakoraga ari umwari w'umuterakiraka bamusaba kumenya impamvu umubyeyi we atageze ku kazi.

    Nyina ntabwo yari yagiye kwigisha uwo munsi, bamuhamagaye kuri Telefone basanga ntayiriho, ni bwo ikigo cy'ishuri cyafashe umwanzuro wo guhamagara umuhungu wabo ngo bamubaze amakuru, bahamagaye Eric ku murongo wa Telefone ngo ajye kureba ikibazo Nyina yagize cyatumye ataza kwigisha.

    Eric ahamagarwa ntiyari mu rugo, yahise ataha ageze mu rugo asanga Nyina aryamye mu kigendezi cy'amaraso yapfuye ku ruhande abona na Se yitabye Imana arashwe. Eric yahise ahamagara Polisi atabaza n'imbangukiragutabara (Ambulance). Polisi yaraje itangira iperereza ku waba wishe Dennis n'umugore we icyarimwe ntagire ikindi kintu yangiza mu nzu.

    Iperereza ryagaragaje ko nta muntu wavuye hanze ngo yice aba bombi, ahubwo umuhungu wabo Eric Koula niwe wafashe icyemezo cyo kwica ababyeyi be arajijisha ngo akunde abone imitungo izahura igihombo n'umwenda yari arimo abona umwanzuro n’uko ababyeyi be yabica akazungura imitungo yose.


    Eric Koula yafunzwe ubuziraherezo, burundu

    Eric yabanje kurasa Se, Dennis, nyina nawe ahita amusaba ko yamukura ku isi atababara, nawe amunyuzamo urusasu birangira gutyo. Eric yaje gukatirwa icyaha cya burundu afungwa ubuziraherezo nk'umuntu wishe abantu babiri byongeye ababyeyi be.

    Source : https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/105907/igice-cya-ii-dennis-na-merna-bari-ku-rutonde-rwabakundana-couple-bapfiriye-umunsi-umwe-bar-105907.html